• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2016

With the aim of investigating the differences in the quality traits of breast meat between spent hen and broiler chicken, the physicochemical characteristics, fatty acid profile and sensory attributes of breast meat from the two chicken types were assessed. A higher protein content and a lower moisture content were found in breast of spent hen compared to that of commercial broilers (P<0.05). No significant differences in crude fat and ash contents were detected between commercial broilers and the older spent hens (P>0.05). Spent hens showed a significantly lower pH value than did commercial broilers. Spent hen meat had a higher $L^*$ value than broiler chicken meat did (P<0.05). However, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values of breast meat were similar between spent hens and commercial broilers. Water holding capacity values measured in the breast meat were comparable between the two types of chicken used in this study (P>0.05). However, spent hen meat showed a higher cooking loss value than did broiler meat (P<0.05). Total polyunsaturated fatty acid content was significantly higher in spent hen meat compared to broiler meat, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid. Nevertheless, sensory characteristics of breast meat were comparable between spent hen and broiler chicken. This information can help consumers to understand better the nutritive value and important quality traits of breast meat from commercial broilers and spent hens.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1859-1869
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• 2021

Objective: The effects of a crude protease extracted from Cordyceps militaris (CM) mushrooms on the postmortem tenderization mechanism and quality improvement in spent hen breast were investigated. Methods: Different percentages of the crude protease extracted from CM mushrooms were introduced to spent hen breast via spray marination, and its effects on tenderness-related indexes and proteolytic enzymes were compared to papain. Results: The results indicated that there was a possible improvement by the protease extracted from CM mushroom through the upregulation of endogenous proteolytic enzymes involved in the calpain system, cathepsin-B, and caspase-3 coupled with its nucleotide-specific impact. However, the effect of the protease extracted from CM mushroom was likely dose-dependent, with significant improvements at a minimum level of 4%. Marination with the protease extracted from CM mushroom at this level led to increased protein solubility and an increased myofibrillar fragmentation index. The sarcoplasmic protein and collagen contents seemed to be less affected by the protease extracted from CM mushroom, indicating that substrate hydrolysis was limited to myofibrillar protein. Furthermore the protease extracted from CM mushroom intensified meat product taste due to increasing the inosinic acid content, a highly effective salt that provides umami taste. Conclusion: The synergistic results of the proteolytic activity and nucleotide-specific effects following treatments suggest that the exogenous protease derived from CM mushroom has the potential for improving the texture of spent hen breast.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.191-195
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• 2016

본 연구는 브로일러, 육용종계 노계와 산란노계 가슴살 햄의 품질 특성을 조사하였다. 염지된 산란노계 가슴살의 보수력은 브로일러와 육용종계 노계와 비교하여 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). 염지 수율은 산란노계 가슴살이 브로일러와 육용종계 노계보다 유의적으로 높은 수치를 보였고(P<0.05), 최종 수율은 육용종계 노계 가슴살 햄이 가장 높은 수율을 나타냈다(P<0.05). 육용종계 노계 가슴살 햄의 명도와 적색도는 산란노계보다 유의적으로 높은 값을 보였으며(P<0.05), 브로일러와 산란노계 가슴살 햄의 황색도는 육용종계 노계보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 산란노계 가슴살 햄의 전단력은 유의적으로 가장 높았다(P<0.05). 브로일러와 육용종계 노계 가슴살 햄의 연도와 전체적인 기호도는 산란노계보다 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), 산란노계 가슴살 햄의 다즙성이 가장 낮은 값을 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 육용종계 노계와 산란노계 가슴살을 이용하여 다양한 조직감의 노계 햄을 개발할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.740-748
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• 2012

This research was conducted to develop a new approach to Chuncheon Dakgalbi processing by various chicken materials, seasoning (conventional sauce/CS and new approach of seasoning by adding the curing mixture/CSA), and cooking methods. Three chicken breeds (broiler, old broiler and spent laying hen) were divided into five experimental groups: broiler-CS, old broiler-CS, old broiler-CSA, spent laying hen-CS, and spent laying hen-CSA. All samples were stored at $5^{\circ}C$ for 12 d. For sensory evaluation, all samples were cooked with conventional cooking (pan grilling) or high temperature and pressure cooking (at $121^{\circ}C$ with pressure 1.5 $Kg_f/cm^2$ for 30 min). The chicken material analysis showed that the moisture and crude protein content, cooking loss and shear-force of the old broiler and spent laying hen were higher (p<0.05) than those of the current broiler, but the crude ash, crude lipid and WHC were lower (p<0.05). The addition of CSA increased the pH value and reduced the lipid oxidation at the end of storage regardless of chicken breeds (p<0.05). The high temperature and pressure cooking method seemed to increase the taste, smell and overall-acceptability scores of the old broiler and spent laying hen Chuncheon Dakgalbi regardless of the implementation of new approach of seasoning (CSA). In conclusion, an old broiler and spent laying hen can be used as material of Chuncheon Dakgalbi by the application of a new approach of seasoning and cooking method.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.271-277
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• 2014

유화형 소시지 제조 시에 산란 노계육의 첨가량(0, 10, 20, 30%)을 다르게 하여 제조한 소시지를 냉장온도($4{\pm}1^{\circ}C$)에서 7일간 저장한 후, 소시지의 일반성분, pH, TBARS, WHC, 전단력, 가열 감량, 총 미생물수, 육색 및 관능평가를 실시하였다. 시험구는 산란 노계육을 첨가하지 않은 대조구, 산란 노계육을 10% 첨가한 T1, 산란 노계육을 20% 첨가한 T2, 산란 노계육을 30% 첨가한 T3 등 4개 처리구로 나누어 7일간 저장한 후 실험하였다. 일반성분 중 수분, 조단백질 및 조회분 함량은 산란 노계육이 첨가된 소시지에서 유의성이 없으며, 조지방 함량은 산란 노계육의 첨가구에서 특히 T3에서 유의적으로 감소하였다(P<005). 소시지의 이화학적 특성을 나타내는 pH, TBARS 및 총 미생물수는 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 없으며, 보수성은 산란 노계육의 첨가구에서 증가하였고, 산란 노계육의 첨가량에 의한 차이는 없었다. 가열 감량은 대조구와 T1, T2 보다 T3에서 유의하게 감소하였다. 산란 노계육이 첨가된 유화형 소시지의 육색은 명도와 황색도에는 영향을 미치지 않았으나, 적색도는 산란 노계육의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 훈련된 관능검사요원에 의한 관능검사 결과, 다즙성과 기호성에는 유의성이 없었다. 그러나 경도는 산란 노계육의 첨가량이 많은 T3에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합적으로 고찰해 보면 유화형 소시지 제조 시 산란 노계육의 첨가는 소시지의 품질 변화 없이 첨가 가능성이 있으리라 생각된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.428-435
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of immersion treatment using lactic acid (LA) and sodium benzoate (SB) on the physicochemical quality and freshness of spent hen breast meats. A total of 135 spent hen breast meats were subjected to 9 different treatments using various concentrations of LA and/or SB in sterile DW. The 9 treatment groups were as follows: Control, sterile DW without LA or SB; T1, 1% LA; T2, 2% LA; T3, 4% LA; T4, 1% LA and 0.1% SB; T5, 2% LA and 0.1% SB; T6 2% LA and 0.2% SB; T7, 2% LA and 0.4% SB; T8, 4% LA and 0.2% SB, respectively. All groups were kept at 4oC for 15 d. The microbial counts in the control group gradually increased during storage, but those for the treated groups were significantly lower than the control or were not detected. The pH values of the control were significantly higher than those of the treated groups (p<0.05). In the color measurements, the lightness ($L^*$) and yellowness ($b^*$) values increased during storage and the redness ($a^*$) values decreased (p<0.05). The K-value and volatile basic nitrogen of the treated groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (p<0.05). Overall, the combined results of this study indicate that LA and SB could be used as favorable preservatives for spent hen breast meats to extend their shelf-life during refrigerated storage.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권7호
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• pp.1277-1288
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• 2024

Objective: This study was aimed to investigate the effect of fresh and dried hydrolyzed Cordyceps militaris (CM) mushroom with proteolytic enzymes; bromelain (CMB), flavorzyme (CMF), and mixture of bromelain: flavorzyme (CMBF) on quality properties of spent hen chicken. Methods: Mushroom extract (CME) were combined with three proteolytic enzyme mixtures that had different peptidase activities; stem bromelain (CMB), flavorzyme (CMF), and mixture of stem bromelain:flavorzyme (CMBF) at (1:1). The effect of these hydrolysates was investigated on spent hen breast meat via dipping marination. Results: Hydrolyzation positively alters functional properties of CM protease. in which bromelain hydrolyzed group (CMB) displayed the highest proteolytic activity at 4.57 unit/mL. The antioxidant activity had a significant increment from 5.32% in CME to 61.79% in CMB. A significantly higher emulsion stability index and emulsification activity index compared to CME were another result from hydrolyzation (p<0.05). Texture properties along with the shear force value and myofibrillar fragmentation index were notably improved under CMB and CMBF in fresh condition. Marination with CM mushroom protease that was previously hydrolyzed with enzymes was proven to also increase the nucleotide compounds, indicated by higher adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP) and inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) in hydrolysate groups (p<0.05). The concentration of both total and insoluble collagen remained unchanged, meaning less effect from CM protease. Conclusion: This study suggested the hydrolyzation of CM protease with bromelain or a mixture of bromelain:flavourzyme to significantly improve functional properties of protease and escalate the taste-related nucleotide compounds and texture profiles from spent hen breast meat.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.326-334
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• 2016

This study was carried out to develop jerky product utilizing spent hen meat. Manipulation of water activity (a_w) of semi-dried meat with the addition of humectants (glycerol and sorbitol at the concentration of 0, 10, and 15%) and roasting process were applied to enhance quality of jerky product. After spent hen meat was ground, formulated, reformed and then dried in convection oven at 85℃ for 2 h followed by 60℃ for 1 h, all jerky samples showed values of a_w ≤0.85 with total aerobic bacteria, yeast and mold and Staphylococcus aureus counts were reduced to undetectable levels. Moreover, the results showed that the 15% glycerol added jerky showed superior quality, indicated by the lowest a_w, low protein aggregation as evaluated by sorption isotherm and the lowest shear value as compared to sorbitol added and control samples (p<0.05). Regardless effect of humectant, roasting could improve the quality of the jerky via enhanced sensory attributes by increasing color, appearance, flavor and overall acceptability scores (p<0.05). Therefore, spent hen meat could be used as a potential raw material for jerky in which soft product texture obtained by the addition of glycerol and intense flavor resulted from roasting process after drying, leading to sensory acceptance.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.753-759
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• 2016

노계육의 물리적 처리를 통한 조직감 개선과 가공특성을 조사하였다. 각 처리 조건은 스팀(Steam, S) $85^{\circ}C$/20 min, 펄스 전기 자기장(Pulsed Electric Field, PEF) 1.5 KV/cm, 초고압 증기 가열법(Super Heated Steam, SHS) 오븐온도($300^{\circ}C$), 스팀 온도($350^{\circ}C$), 시간(8 min)을 선정하여 실험 하였다. 수율에서는 육계육과 노계육 모두 대조구에서 66.85%, 63.80%로 높은 결과를 얻었으며 처리구에서는 모두 감소하여 노계육을 전기장 처리한(PEF) 처리구에서 61.05%로 가장 낮은 수율을 나타냈다(p<0.05). 색도는 노계와 육계의 품종과 관계없이 가열 중 L 값은 낮아지고 a 값과 b 값은 높아지는 전형적인 현상을 보였으며, 가열 감량은 가열 감량은 노계육스팀처리(S)에서 45.25%로 가장 높았으며, 육계육의 초고압증기(B-SH) 가열 처리할 때는 30.66%로 가장 낮았다. 처리구별로는 노계육을 PEF 및 SH 병행 처리 시 PEF와 SH를 단독으로 처리한 물리적인 처리구보다 가열 감량이 낮게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 조직감은 hardness의 경우 시료별로는 부드러운 조직감을 갖는 육계육에서 초고압스팀처리구(B-SH)에서 5.57 kg으로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 반면에 노계육은 PEF 처리한 후 스팀처리구 경우 14.08 kg으로 육계육에 비해서는 질긴 조직감을 보였으나 PEF 처리 후 초고압증기처리(SL-PSH) 시료에서는 10.73 kg까지 유의적으로 감소하여 연도개선에 효과가 있었다. 관능평가에서는 전반적 기호도가 가장 좋은 점수를 보인 것은 육계육 7.8점이었고, 노계육에서는 PEF 처리 후 초고압증기 처리구(SL-PSH)에서 6.3점으로 가장 좋은 점수를 보였다. 따라서 노계육의 연도를 개선하기 위한 물리적 방법에서는 PEF 처리 후 초고압증기처리(PSH)가 가장 이상적인 방법이라고 생각된다.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.200-209
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of bundle type (BT) and substitution with spent laying hen (SH) surimi on quality characteristics of imitation crabsticks made from Alaska Pollack (AP) during 6 wk of cold storage. Diagonally bundled samples had poorer gel characteristics and more lipid oxidation when compared with straight bundled ones (p<0.05). The color of diagonally bundled imitation crabsticks deteriorated with storage time (p<0.01). However, BT did not affect sensory characteristics (p>0.05). SH substitution had an effect on most quality characteristics of imitation crabsticks; darker and poorer gel characteristics were observed and its effect on sensory evaluation was seen at the initial storage. Thus, BT and SH substitution can be considered to have a slight effect on eating quality of imitation crabsticks, despite their negative effects on color, gel characteristics, and lipid oxidation.