• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2007

Studies were conducted to evaluate spent bleaching clay as a feed resource. Raw spent bleaching clay from the soybean refining process in a rotary reactor is rich in crude fat (26.0%) and crude ash (68.3%) but low in moisture (5.2%) and crude protein (0.5%). The peroxide value of spent bleaching clay was significantly higher than soybean oil (P<0.05). Also the acid value of spent bleaching clay and soybean oil were 9.72 and 0.001, respectively, it was significantly different(P<0.01). It is possible that the acidification of spent bleaching clay was prevented by artificial method. On the feeding experiment, 2.0 to 4.0% of dietary spent bleaching clay were improve body weight gain, feed intake and feed/ gain. Results indicate that spent bleaching clay may be used at 2.0 to 4.0% for broiler diets without deleterious effects on performance.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.97-108
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• 2006

These studies were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of spent bleaching clay (SBC) as a feed resource for ruminants. Three Holstein dairy cows, surgically fitted with ruminal cannula, were used in a $3{\times}3$ Latin Square design. Dietary treatments were 1) basal diet, 2) basal diet plus 2% of SBC and 3) basal diet plus 4% of SBC. Rumen fluid was sampled at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 hours following the start of the morning feeding. Nylon bags containing experimental diets were used to determine ruminal nutrient disappearance at 0, 3, 6, 12 and 24 hours. The values of ruminal pH in cows receiving 4% of SBC was lower than those of the control and 2% SBC supplement. The $NH_3-N$ concentration in the rumen was higher at the 3 hour than for cows of control and 2% of SBC supplement. Total VFA concentrations in the rumen were not affected by the addition of SBC. Dry matter and organic matter disappearance in the rumen was lower at the 6 hours than the control and 2% SBC treatment, but no difference at the end of the 24 hour.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.255-260
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• 2005

This study was conducted to evaluate the feasibility of spent bleaching clay(SBC) as an energy resource for meat type chicks. A total of one hundred twenty 1-d old broiler chicks(Han-hyop, No. 3) were divided into four groups and each group was assigned to one of the following diets: 0(T1), 2.0(T2), 4.0(T3) and $6.0\%$ SBC(T4). Each treatment had 3 replications of 10 birds. Before feeding experimental diets, they were fed a commercial diet for a week Body weight gain and feed intake tended to increase in T3 and T4, respectively. Feed efficiency(feed intake/ gain) tended to decrease in T3 compared to other groups. Fatty acid composition of breast and thigh meat was not significantly affected by feeding SBC. Utilization of dry matter, energy, crude protein and crude fat was lower in T4 than in the other groups during both starter and finisher periods(p<0.05). Crude ash utilization was not significantly affected by feeding dietary SBC. These results indicate that broiler diets may be supplemented with 2 to $4\%$ SBC without adverse effect on growth.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.492-497
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• 2014

Artificial fine aggregates (denoted AFA) were fabricated using spent bleaching clay (denoted SBC) generated from processed vegetable oil and stone sludge (denoted SS) produced from crushed aggregate manufacturing materials for use as functional construction materials. Each raw material was crushed to particle size finer than $150{\mu}m$, and fine spherical pellets of approximately 1 ~ 4 mm in diameter were prepared by a pelletizing process. The physical properties of the AFA were measured with different types of sintering equipment. A new type of vertical furnace that sinters fine aggregates in a fluidized bed at high temperatures was designed and tested. AFA sintered in a rotary kiln at $1125^{\circ}C$ showed a bulk density of $1.5g/cm^3$ and a water absorption of 16%. AFA sintered in the vertical furnace at $1125^{\circ}C$ showed a bulk density of $1.9g/cm^3$ and water absorption of 8.5%. The bulk density of the AFA sintered in the vertical furnace showed a bulk density 27% higher and water absorption 47% lower than those of AFA sintered in the rotary kiln.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.264-270
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• 2008

Ecological lightweight aggregates were made by using the wastes come from various industrial fields. Wastes were crushed and pulverized by mills and a certain portions of wastes were mixed and formed by pelletizer like small beads. The formed lightweight aggregates were finally sintered with $1125^{\circ}C$/15 min conditions by using rotary kiln. Lightweight concrete sound absorbers were made of ecological lightweight aggregates K73 (Coal bottom ash 70 wt%: Dredged soil 30 wt%) and K631 (Clay 60 wt%: Stone sludge 30 wt%: Spent bleaching clay 10 wt%). For the reference, lightweight concrete sound absorbers made of DL (German made 'L' company LWA) were also made under the same conditions. Sound absorption characteristics were observed and measured according to the kinds of aggregates, water/cement ratio (W/C=20, 25, and 30%), and designed pore rates (V=20, 25, and 30%). The pore rates of the lightweight concrete sound absorber were turned out to be 5 to 10% higher than designed ones. Absorption coefficient of the lightweight concrete sound absorber by using K631 aggregates with W/C=20% and V=25% conditions was 0.88 at 1000 and 3150 Hz from the measurement by the impedance tube.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.54-59
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• 2009

It was difficult for the existing rotary kiln to fabricate the fine aggregates under 3 mm due to the sticking phenomenon between specimens. In this study, the vertical type fluidizing furnace was designed and manufactured by which the lightweight fine aggregates of specific gravity $1.1{\sim}1.7$, water absorption $11{\sim}19%$ could be fabricated from the green body of clay: stone sludge: spent bleaching clay = 60 : 30 : 10 (wt%) without sticking-together happening. The minimum sintering temperature for bloating of aggregates was $1130^{\circ}C$. The specimens sintered over $1140^{\circ}C$ showed the typical bloating characteristics of lightweight aggregates and an inner layer was discovered due to widened cracks on a surface. But the crack on a surface did not propagate into a black core area so had no effect on a water absorption of aggregates. The sintering temperature made the thickness of shell and the black core area thin and expanded respectively but the sintering time did not affect the microsturcture of aggregates. The water absorption of aggregates decreased with increasing temperature owing to increased amount of liquid formed on a surface. Also sintering time affected a lot on a water absorption because it takes a time to form a liquid, which change the open pores to closed pores by blocking.