• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.59-88
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• 2014

I estimate the non-market effects of implementing five-day workweek controlling for the individual-job fixed effect. I find that the implementation of five-day workweek has improved an individual's subjective health status, increased the frequency of exercises, increased the probability to get education or training other than job training, improved subjective quality of life, increased spending for leisure and cultural activities, and improved an individual's satisfaction with the job and the employer. Much of the effects are due to reduction not of working hours but of working days.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.28-33
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• 2007

It is a main trend not to use organic solvents in the adhesive industry from the recent environmental and safe points of view. For example, water-based, hot-melt, or UV curable adhesives are being investigated. Several different kinds of tackifiers that are formulated in the adhesives in order to give them more functional properties like initial tack and higher adhesion, etc., have been proposed to meet the recent trend. Firstly, the characteristics and fundamental properties of the respective materials are presented. In Japan, the trend to develop the water-based adhesives is most remarkable. While the environmental regulations are getting harder, Arakawa Chemical has been spending a lot of energy for the research, and developed toluene-free and solvent free tackifier dispersions that are presented precisely.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.11 no.3 s.31
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• pp.53-68
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• 2002

Since the 17th century, the finance for the government construction was demanded unlike the early chosun dynasty. It was consequent upon a transition in the supply method of materials and labors for the construction. The government construction being enforced in chronic financial difficulties had to undergo lack of funds. Especially, a rising construction cost by purchasing lots of materials including wood, and by employing labors weighted the difficulties. In order to put forward a construction, new and various efforts besides diversification in sources of finance ad been looked for. The efforts were driven in three parts which were to be the management of labor and materials, and the way of construction execution. As a result of spending a great effort to save cost, an extinguished improvement in the way of construction execution came out with 'Injungjeon-yeongkweon' in the year 1805.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.121-132
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• 2003

This study investigated the current situation regarding college environments and the use of disposable goods, to inquire the environmental consciousness of college student consumers, and to identify factors that affect their use of disposable products. The major findings of this study are summarized in the following. First, college students' usage of disposable products was measured in two ways: the tendency to use disposable product and the quantities of disposable products consumed. The tendency to use disposable product was found to be 2.80/5, which indicates that college students' behavior of consuming disposable goods was less than moderate. On average, a college student consumed a total of 35 disposable products per month. Second, variables that affect college students' consumption of disposable products were investigated. The students who showed a higher tendency to use disposable products were those with more spending money, those without any experiences in the environmental organizations and clubs, those who had a low personal opinion toward university policies, those who regarded environmental protection as more important than economic growth, and those who thought environmental protection to be more important than fashion.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.109-122
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• 1988

This study attempts to analyse the food consumption expenditure patterns of wage-Earner's Households n terms of the changes in income during 1975∼1985. For the purpose of these time-series analysis and cross-section analysis, household survey data 'Annual Report on the Family Income and Expenditure Survey'- was used. The main results can be summarized as follows : 1. The proportion of the food expenditures has decreased with the increased of income in the city families during 1975∼1985. The Income-Elasticity and limit spending habits has decreased with the increase of income in the city families during 1975∼1985. 2. Analyzing the structure of the food consumption of each income class, the results reflected the Engel's law. That is to say, the higher income was, the more absolute expense for food was, but the rate of it was.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.139-152
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• 2008

Recently organizations identify information security as one of essential means for gaining competitive advantage. However, they do not actively increase investment in this area because they consider spending for information security as a cost rather than an investment. This is because organizations don't have a clear understanding of information security objectives which can be achieved through investment, and they don't have criteria for alternatives which can be considered in information security investment decision-making. In this paper we propose to model the decision-making process of information security investment by the AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process). The results will show that availability is the most important criterion for the decision of information security alternatives, and intrusion detection is the most important information security alternative. We hope that the results of this paper provide a guideline for clear decision-making in information security investment.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.127-135
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• 2010

A study on that LED in 36[W] class replaces broadcast illuminator to save energy and improve the quality of film because tungsten halogen illuminators are too hot and spending lots of electrical capacity at the time of camera shooting. And the following result was obtained .36[w] LED lighting fixture's illuminance is lower than 1[kw] halogen Light but object's illuminance became higher, and at the image be showed very bright and softly.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.11a
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• pp.112-116
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• 2008

As modern cities have become more developed by making factories and modern industries, the countryside areas were confront with civilization compare than before. Actually, heavy traffic, air pollution, and increasing land price in the cities caused by such a big problem. And people who want to live in countryside try to find house in the context, but it is not easy to satisfy their desire for living. This article deals a way of living, by utilizing Club House, and using natural area more to have a good life during the retirement time, and spending wonderful time at the weekends. Our recommend is providing a countryside village and Second House around the Golf Club for the people who want to spend their leisure time comfortably and taking rest.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.125-126
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• 2011

Construction projects are being more complicated in proportion to the economic development. Process management is a critical issue in the construction that decides success of a project. Especially, a TACT method which divides and manages resources to repeat each activity is more important. Although becoming an issue dealing with the delay at winter season, it is not property developed. This paper suggests 'activity priority method' and 'TACT unit method' through case study. We validate necessity and efficiency of the TACT method through simulations and a survey. We expect cost reduction by decreasing unnecessary spending.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.644-647
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• 2004

Recently, the environmental problem has received considerable attention. so, many lamps have been developing for environmental requirement and energy efficiency, also, at glow discharge lamp researchers try to reduce energy spending that is power saving lamp. this kind requirement agree with strong points of electrodeless fluorescent lamp has received to now lighting sauce. In this paper, at the research and development of Electrodeless Fluorescent Lamp phase, according to ferrite C.F.D(Computational Fluid Dynamics) Simulation and lamp brightness character are measured to find optimization design requirements of RF antenna which is impotent for emission of lamp.