• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.129-134
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Sine a self-reported questionnaire for hearing-impaired listeners is not available by Malay language yet, it is important to develop or translate any available existing questionnaires. The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adult (HHIA) to be used by the audiologist among the hearing-impaired population in Malaysia. Subjects and Methods: The HHIAs was translated to Malay language using forward-backward translation techniques by four-panellists (two for each level). The translated HHIA was then reconciled and harmonized for cultural aspects and content of the questionnaire by the researchers and two expert panels before being pilot-tested among 10 hearing-impaired patients. Questionnaire validation was conducted among 80 adults with a hearing loss to calculate for Cronbach's α (internal reliability), Spearman's correlation (inter-item correlation) and factor analysis. Results: None of the translated items were removed from the scale. The overall Cronbach's α was 0.964; 0.927 and 0.934 for both social and emotional subscales, respectively. The factor analysis (force-concept inventory) demonstrated a two-structure with a strong correlation between all items in either component 1 or 2, that resembled the original scale. The Mann-Whitney test revealed significantly higher scores for those adults with a hearing loss than those adults with normal hearing. Conclusions: The Malay HHIA has been successfully translated and validated for the purpose of determining the psychosocial aspects of adults with hearing loss in the local population.

• Korean Journal of Audiology
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.129-134
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• 2019

Background and Objectives: Sine a self-reported questionnaire for hearing-impaired listeners is not available by Malay language yet, it is important to develop or translate any available existing questionnaires. The aim of this study was to translate, adapt and validate the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Adult (HHIA) to be used by the audiologist among the hearing-impaired population in Malaysia. Subjects and Methods: The HHIAs was translated to Malay language using forward-backward translation techniques by four-panellists (two for each level). The translated HHIA was then reconciled and harmonized for cultural aspects and content of the questionnaire by the researchers and two expert panels before being pilot-tested among 10 hearing-impaired patients. Questionnaire validation was conducted among 80 adults with a hearing loss to calculate for Cronbach's α (internal reliability), Spearman's correlation (inter-item correlation) and factor analysis. Results: None of the translated items were removed from the scale. The overall Cronbach's α was 0.964; 0.927 and 0.934 for both social and emotional subscales, respectively. The factor analysis (force-concept inventory) demonstrated a two-structure with a strong correlation between all items in either component 1 or 2, that resembled the original scale. The Mann-Whitney test revealed significantly higher scores for those adults with a hearing loss than those adults with normal hearing. Conclusions: The Malay HHIA has been successfully translated and validated for the purpose of determining the psychosocial aspects of adults with hearing loss in the local population.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.43-54
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• 2022

Simultaneous translation is online decoding to translates with only subsentence. The goal of simultaneous translation research is to improve translation performance against delay. For this reason, most studies find trade-off performance between delays. We studied the experiments of the fixed policy-based simultaneous translation in Korean. Our experiments suggest that Korean tokenization causes many fragments, resulting in delay compared to other languages. We suggest follow-up studies such as n-gram tokenization to solve the problems.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2003.10d
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• pp.235-240
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• 2003

본 논문에서는 영한 자동번역 시스템에 한국어 스타일 생성 패턴을 적용함으로써 영한 번역 품질을 향상하고자 하는 것이 목표이다. 이러한 목표는 기존의 원문에 대한 번역문의 정보 전달 정확성을 측정하는 1차원적인 번역률 평가 방법에서 벗어나 번역문의 정보 정확성뿐만 아니라 자연스러움도 평가할 수 있는 2차원적인 번역률 평가방법으로써 정확성과 스타일을 동시에 평가하는 방법을 제안한다. 2차원적인 번역률 평가 방법에 따라 스타일 생성 패턴이 적용되기 전과 적용된 후의 평가 결과는 100문자의 샘플문을 대상으로 하였을 때, 스타일 생성 패턴에 의해서만 0.5%의 번역률이 향상되는 것을 관찰하였다. 본 논문에서의 스타일 생성 패턴은 단순히 언어간 스타일 차이만 적용한 것이며 향후에는 신문, 일기예보, 기술 매뉴얼과 같은 특정 그룹을 위한 스타일 생성 패턴을 적용할 계획이다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.157-162
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• 2015

자동통역(Speech-to-speech translation)의 최우선 단계인 음성인식과정에서 발생한 오류문장은 대부분 비문법적 구조를 갖거나 의미를 이해할 수 없는 문장들이다. 이러한 문장으로 자동번역을 할 경우 심각한 통역오류가 발생하게 되어 이에 대한 개선이 반드시 필요한 상황이다. 이에 본 논문에서는 음성인식 오류문장이 정상적인 인식문장에 비해 비문법적이거나 무의미하다는 특징을 이용하여 DNN(Deep Neural Network) 기반 음성인식오류 판별기를 구현하였으며 84.20%의 오류문장 분류성능결과를 얻었다.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.1000-1004
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• 2010

A large number of current language processing systems use a part-of-speech tagger for preprocessing. Most language processing systems required a tagger with the highest possible accuracy. Specially, the use of domain-specific advantages has become a hot issue in machine translation community to improve the translation quality. This paper addresses a method for customizing an HMM or LHMM based English tagger from general domain to specific domain. The proposed method is to semi-automatically customize the output and transition probabilities of HMM or LHMM using domain-specific raw corpus. Through the experiments customizing to Patent domain, our LHMM tagger adapted by the proposed method shows the word tagging accuracy of 98.87% and the sentence tagging accuracy of 78.5%. Also, compared with the general tagger, our tagger improved the word tagging accuracy of 2.24% (ERR: 66.4%) and the sentence tagging accuracy of 41.0% (ERR: 65.6%).

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.617-624
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• 2017

Speech recognition is now one of the most widely used technologies in HCI. Many applications where speech recognition may be used (such as home automation, automatic speech translation, and car navigation) are now under active development. In addition, the demand for speech recognition systems in mobile environments is rapidly increasing. This paper is intended to present a method for instant recognition of the Korean vowel 'ㅡ', as a part of a Korean speech recognition system. The proposed method uses bulk indicators (which are calculated in the time domain) instead of the frequency domain and consequently, the computational cost for the recognition can be reduced. The bulk indicators representing predominant sequence patterns of the vowel 'ㅡ' are learned by neural networks and final recognition decisions are made by those trained neural networks. The results of the experiment show that the proposed method can achieve 88.7% recognition accuracy, and recognition speed of 0.74 msec per syllable.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.15-21
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• 1981

This paper deals with the syntactic analysis algorithms of Korean sentence and system for machine translation. The parts of speech and constituients are syntactically analized at unified view-points and then an effective classification algorithm is proposed. The constituients which are applied an inverse movement transformation algorithm are processed with the concept of attribute. Syntactic analysis system is constructed to generate parsing table including the deep structure of sentence by lexicon proper to the combinational property of Korean and breadth-first searching method. The results obtained from the system program are shown as the parsing table of source sentences.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.133-141
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• 2005

The previous research has been mainly focused on individual technology of voice recognition, voice synthesis, translation, and bone transmission technical. Recently, commercial models have been produced using aforementioned technologies. In this research, a new automated translation support system concept has been proposed by combining established technology of bone transmission and wireless system. The proposed system has following three major components. First, the hybrid system consist of headset, bone transmission and other technologies will recognize user's voice. Second, computer recognized voice (using small server attached to the user) of the user will be converted into digital signal. Then it will be translated into other user's language by translation algorithm. Third, the translated language will be wirelessly transmitted to the other party. The transmitted signal will be converted into voice in the other party's computer using the hybrid system. This hybrid system will transmit the clear message regardless of the noise level in the environment or user's hearing ability. By using the network technology, communication between users can also be clearly transmitted despite the distance.

• MALSORI
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• v.68
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• pp.95-114
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• 2008

The recent growing popularity of statistical methods in machine translation requires much more large parallel corpora. A Korean-English parallel corpus, however, is not yet enoughly available, little research on this subject is being conducted. In this paper we present a hybrid method of aligning sentences for Korean-English parallel corpora. We use bilingual news wire web pages, reading comprehension materials for English learners, computer-related technical documents and help files of localized software for building a Korean-English parallel corpus. Our hybrid method combines sentence-length based and word-correspondence based methods. We show the results of experimentation and evaluate them. Alignment results from using a full translation model are very encouraging, especially when we apply alignment results to an SMT system: 0.66% for BLEU score and 9.94% for NIST score improvement compared to the previous method.