• 음성과학
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.183-201
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• 2008

This study attempted to reveal the physiologic etiology or related factors associated with speech processing by comparing the compensation ability in speech motor control in children with and without articulation disorders. Subjects were 35 children with articulation disorder and 35 children without articulation disorder whose age ranged from 5 to 6 years. They were asked to rapidly repeat /$p^ha$/, /$t^ha$/, /$k^ha$/, /$p^hat^hak^ha$/ diadochokinetic movement while mandible was free and mandible was stabilized with bite block. The results showed that children with articulation disorder revealed significantly greater difference in elapsed time for diadochokinetic movement between mandible free and stabilized state compared to the without articulation disorder group. But the correlation between the percentage of consonants correct and the compensation ability in speech motor control in the articulation disorder group was irrelevant. These results point out to the fact that children with articulation disorder have poor compensation ability in speech motor control compared to the children without articulation disorder. On the other hand, the poor ability does not have any relation with the severity of articulation disorder. These results suggest either general or individual characteristics of children with articulation disorder.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.125-135
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• 2017

The current study examines PCC (percentage of correct consonant), speech intelligibility, and oral motor function between the group of typically developing children and the group of children with Down's syndrome. To 15 children with Down's syndrome (mean CA: 9;7) and 15 typically developing children on receptive language age, the following tests were administered: K-WPPSI (2001), Picture Vocabulary Test (Kim et al., 1995), Oral and Speech Motor Control Protocol for total oral functional score (Robbins et al., 1987), DDK and Assessment of Phonology and Articulation for Children (APAC, Kim et al., 2007) for PCC and speech intelligibility. Pearson correlation coefficients were computed for the total oral functional score, PCC and DDK of each group. The statistical analysis showed that there is no significant difference in total functional score and DDK when IQ was controlled. There was a significant correlation between total oral functional score and PCC in the Down's syndrome group and a significant correlation between total oral functional score and intelligibility in the Down's syndrome group whether IQ was controlled or not. The findings suggest that both cognitive ability and overall oral motor function need to be considered for the intervention to enhance PCC or speech intelligibility of children with Down's syndrome.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2006

Consideration for therapy method and oral motor function character of children with cerebral palsy. Therapists who treat for feeding disorder children owing the regression of oral motor function are necessary to gain knowledge about dysfunction of sensing, perception and cognition with baffling to eat and inhibition of primitive reflex, oral anatomy and function, and motor control (trunk, head, positioning of the upper limbs and the lower limbs and muscle tone). Oral motor function program is a comprehensive rehabilitation program which requires systematized enforcement and collaborated attempts to physiotherapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, psychotherapists. Especially, physical therapists are not accustomed to oral motor program, hoping to provide diffusely and apply new therapy approach method for many areas (bell's palsy, respiratory failure, speech articulation). It will comprise to study owing to holistic approach with clinic.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제33B권11호
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• pp.97-105
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• 1996

This paper is a study on the implementation of speech recognition mobile robot to which the interactive speech recognition techniques is applied. The speech command uttered the sentential connected word and is asserted through the wireless mic system. This speech signal transferred LPC-cepstrum and shorttime energy which are computed from the received signal on the DSP board to notebook PC. In notebook PC, DP matching technique is used for recognizer and the recognition results are transferred to the motor control unit which output pulse signals corresponding to the recognized command and drive the stepping motor. Grammar network applied to reduce the recognition speed of the recogniger, so that real time recognition is realized. The misrecognized command is revised by interface revision through the conversation with mobile robot. Therefore, user can move the mobile robot to the direction which user wants.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2021

본 연구는 1984년부터 2020년까지 국내·외 프롬프트(Prompts for Restructuring Oral Muscular Phonetic Targets, PROMPT) 관련 연구를 분석하여 우리말에 적합한 프롬프트 프로그램 개발에 필요한 기초자료를 마련하고자 한다. 연구 대상은 1984년부터 2020년까지의 프롬프트 치료기법과 관련된 국외 연구 27편과 국내 연구 1편을 분석하였다. 분석한 결과, 프롬프트 연구가 처음 시작된 1984년부터 지속적으로 연구가 이루어지고 있으며, 연구방법은 중재연구가 16편으로, 말소리장애가 가장 많았으며 대상 연령은 3-5세로 유아기를 대상으로 가장 많이 실시되었다. 중재프로그램은 16회기가 가장 많았으며, 중재프로그램 활동은 무발화 자폐스펙트럼장애 대상을 제외하고 운동구어계층(Motor Speech Hierarchy, MSH)을 토대로 이루어졌다. 종속변인을 분석한 결과, '구어산출'이 가장 많았으며, '말 운동제어', '조음', '구어명료도' 순으로 높게 나타났다. 지금까지의 연구를 종합해보면 국외에서는 구어산출에 직접적인 도움을 주는 운동 구어 치료법인 프롬프트가 효과적으로 쓰이고 있다. 그러나 국내에서는 현재까지 우리말에 알맞은 프롬프트 프로그램 개발 및 연구가 부족한 실정이다. 그러므로 본 연구를 통해서 국내 말·언어장애 아동에게 프롬프트를 적용하여 구어산출 및 조음에 도움을 줄 수 있는 우리말 프롬프트 프로그램 개발이 필요하다는 것을 시사한다고 볼 수 있다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.133-140
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• 2011

Muscle misuse dysphonia (MMD) is defined as a behavioral voice disorder resulting from inappropriate contractions of intrinsic and/or extrinsic laryngeal muscles. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of motor learning guided laryngeal motor control therapy (MLG-LMCT) which is designed to improve an existing LMT and further the effective voice treatment on people with muscle misuse dysphonia. Forty-six people with MMD (M:F=16:30) participated in this study. The voice samples of the participants were recorded to investigate the effect of MLG-LMCT before and after the voice therapy. Voice samples were analyzed via electro-glotto-graph (EGG). Contact quotient (CQ), speed quotient (SQ), and waveform were reported. In addition, perceptual and acoustical evaluation were conducted to determine the change of voice improvement after treatment. The experimenter massaged the tensioned muscles around the neck. In order to find more proper phonation the experimenter showed the subjects their EGG wave forms as to whether or not they are moving the vocal folds to the appropriate position. Therefore, the EGG wave forms were used as a type of visual feedback. With the wave form, the experimenter helped subjects move the vocal folds and laryngeal muscles to find more proper voice production. The sensory stimuli from the experimenter gradually faded out. A paired dependent t- test revealed that there was significant differences in CQ between pre- and post-therapy. Perceptually, overall, rough, breathy, strain, and transition were significantly reduced. Acoustically, there were significant differences in Fo, jitter, shimmer, and NHR. After using MLG-LMCT, most of the subjects showed improvements in voice quality. The results from this study led us to the following conclusions: Motor learning guided laryngeal motor control therapy (MLG-LMCT) has reduces muscle misuse dysphonia. These results may occur because a visual feedback from EGG wave form can maintain the effect of the muscle tension reduction from laryngeal manual therapy. In case of people with MMD who reduced muscle tension from the therapy (LMT) but, not appropriately manipulating the location of larynx or adducting the vocal folds, MLG-LMCT might be an alternative therapy approach.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.291-305
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• 2020

Purpose : The duration of speech segments reflects children's speech motor development. The purpose of this study was to determine whether segmental sound and word duration varies by age among preschool children. Methods : A total of 60 children aged 4~5 years participated in this study. Participants took the picture-naming test to produce single-word speech data. The duration of the consonant at the initial position of the word and the final position of the word, the voice onset time of plosive, the duration of the vowel following the initial consonant, and the duration of the word were measured. Results : As age increased, the duration of the initial consonant, the duration of the word, and the voice onset time decreased significantly. The main effects of age, manner of articulation, and place of articulation on the duration of the initial consonant were significant. The duration of consonants in the nasal sound and plosives and the duration of bilabial and alveolar sound differed significantly between groups. The main effects of age and vocal type on voice onset time were significant. The main effect of age on the duration of the consonant in the final position of word and on the duration of the vowel were not statistically significant. Conclusion : The results of this study showed that the duration of segmental sound and the word were associated with speech development between 4 and 5 years old. Accordingly, duration of the segmental sound and the word may serve as an acoustic cue as they reflect speech development and speech motor control maturity.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.91-101
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• 2021

본 연구는 조음속도를 사용하여 말더듬 성인과 일반 성인의 말운동 특성과 운동기술 학습 능력을 비교하고, 언어적 복잡성이 조음속도에 영향을 미치는지 살펴보았다. 연구 참여자는 말더듬 성인 11명, 일반 성인 11명이었다. 각 참여자는 길이와 구문적 복잡성이 다른 4개의 문장(짧고 단순한 문장, 길고 단순한 문장, 길고 복잡한 문장, 길고 구문적 오류가 있는 문장)을 반복해서 산출하였으며, 문장별로 전체 조음속도 및 문장산출 순서에 따른 조음속도를 측정하였다. 연구 결과, 언어적 복잡성과 상관없이 말더듬 성인은 일반 성인보다 전체 조음속도가 유의하게 느린 것으로 나타났다. 또한 긴 문장들이 짧고 단순한 문장보다 조음속도가 유의하게 느린 것으로 나타났다. 문장산출 순서에 따른 조음속도 비교 결과, 두 집단은 모든 문장에서 중간 4개 문장과 마지막 3개 문장의 조음속도가 첫 3개 문장의 조음속도보다 유의하게 빠른 모습을 보였다. 길고 구문적 오류가 있는 문장은 중간 4개 문장의 조음속도보다 마지막 3개 문장의 조음속도가 유의하게 빨라 지속적인 연습효과를 보인 반면, 다른 세 개의 문장들은 중간 4개 문장의 조음속도와 마지막 3개 문장의 조음속도에 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 말더듬 성인이 일반 성인보다 상대적으로 미숙한 말운동통제 능력을 보이는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 문장의 길이와 구문적 복잡성이 조음속도에 영향을 미치는 요인임을 확인하였다. 또한 말더듬 성인과 일반 성인은 문장을 반복적으로 산출하며 조음속도가 빨라지는 연습효과를 보였으며, 연습효과가 나타나는 패턴은 두 집단이 비슷하다는 것을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 2006년도 춘계 학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.59-62
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• 2006

Young children's speech is compared to adult-to-adult speech and adult-to-child speech by measuring durations and variability of each segment in CVC words. The results demonstrate that child speech exhibits an inconsistent timing relationship between consonants and vowels within a word. In contrast, consonant and vowel durations in adult-to-adult speech and adult-to-child speech exhibit significant relationships across segments, despite variability of segments when speaking rate is decreased. The results suggest that temporal patterns of young children are quite different from those of adults, and provide some evidence for lack of motor control capability and great variance in articulatory coordination.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2007

본 논문은 실시간 음성인식명령으로 구동되는 지능형 이동기제어시스템을 제안한다. 제안된 이동기제어시스템은 메인모듈, 음성인식모듈, 모터구동모듈, 센서모듈로 구성된다. 80C196KC로 구현된 메인모듈에서 퍼지논리가 적용된 지능형 제어시스템을 제안한다. 사용자의 몸무게 및 여러 가지 주변 환경요인들에 의한 비선형성을 개선하기 위해서 피드백제어가 가능한 모터구동모듈과 센서모듈이 구현된다. 또한 제안된 시스템에서 이동로봇의 제어를 위한 9개의 단어를 사용하여 동작을 테스트하였고, 제어입력으로 음성명령과 조이스틱 사용 시 이동로봇의 성능을 평가하였다.