• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.175-177
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• 2010

Ppupose: Velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) during articulation development period can cause compensatory articulation like glottal stop, which can maintain VPI symptoms such as hypernasality and nasal emission despite of recovered velopharyngeal function. Methods: A girl visited our department with speech problems such as hypernasality, compensatory articulation patterns, and nasal air emission. She had history of postpalatoplasty fistula which was repaired after 1 year follow-up. Results: After treated with speech therapy without surgery, her hypernasal speech problem was corrected. From this, we could assume that the fistula during articulation development period induced VPI, which leads to glottal substitution and this compensatory articulation maintained VPI though the fistula was repaired. Conclusion: In this report, we could observe that palatal fistula in articulation development period can have detrimental effect on articulation, and also we could confirm that evaluation of soft palate mechanism with using speech sample without compensatory articulations prevent the patient from unnecessary operation.

• Korean Journal of Cleft Lip And Palate
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.13-22
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• 2008

Velopharyngeal insufficiency(VPI), characterized by hypernasal resonance and nasal air emission, is a speech disorder that can significantly compromise speech intelligibility. Cleft palate, previously repaired cleft palate and submucous cleft palate are associated with VPI. Less commonly, patients may acquire it after adenoidectomy with or without tonsillectomy or as a result of neuromuscular dysfunction. Comprehensive evaluation by a VPI team includes medical assessment focusing on airway obstructive symptoms, perceptual speech analysis, MRI and instrumental assessment. Options for intervention include speech therapy, intraoral prosthetic devices and surgery. Surgical methods can be categorized as palatal, palatopharyngeal or pharyngeal procedures. Each surgical approach has its strengths and limitations. Oro-maxillofacial surgeons are increasingly involved in the referral, evaluation, and treatment of velopharyngeal function. Therefore, understanding of physiology, anatomic structures, evaluation and treatment protocols in VPI is very important. This article presents protocol for evaluation of velopharyngeal function with a focus on indications for surgical interventions.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.293-310
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• 2000

This study was performed to investigate rehabilitation service patterns of stroke patients in metropolis of Korea. Seoul, Taegu. Taejon, Pusan and Kwangju from April-July. 2000. Authors developed questionnair, and distributed it to each physical therapist. Total number of distributed questionnaire was 800, and 622 questionnaire were collected and analysed. 1. The occurrence rate of ischemic stroke$(51.1\%)$ was higher than hemorrage stroke$(48.9\%)$. The highest incidence of the stroke was noted in the group or60 years and ratio of male to female 1.3:1 2. The several warning sign is motor deficit$(50.3\%)$, headache. dizziness. vomitting$(32.6\%)$ and difficulty speaking or understanding$(8.2\%)$. 3. The most important contributing factor of stroke was hypertension both hemorrage stroke$(50.7\%)$ and ischemic stroke$(47.2\%)$. 4. In the painful stroke patients$(53.4\%)$, the major problems were shoulder pain$(55.1\%)$ and shoulder-hand syndrome$(31.9\%)$. There is no clinical method for relieving the pain. 5. The seasonal preference was winter and autumn followed by summer and spring in regardless of diagnosis. 6. In the surgery, hemorrage stroke$(61.2\%)$ was higher than ischemic stroke$(13.5\%)$. 7. The major associated impairment were motor deficit$(99.0\%)$, hearing and speech deficit$(30.9\%)$.perception deficit$(15.9\%)$. psychological deficit$(14.1\%)$ and vision deficit$(10.6\%)$. We need more role of speech pathologist and psychotherapist. 8. The rehabilitation services for stroke patients were given only $15\%$ by onset. 9. Medical doctor did not checking everyday$(41\%)$. 10. Patents said that the physical therapist well understanding$(60.1\%)$ than medical doctor$(36.2\%)$ about their conditions.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.357-366
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics and grip strength of people with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Methods: This was a retrospective study that analyzed raw data from the first year of the 8th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2019). The study population was 780 people in total, ranging in age from their teens to their 80s. These were people who had been diagnosed with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and the presence of arthritis in and grip strength of these subjects were determined using the average value of three measurements. Results: According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the prevalence of arthritis in Korea was 2.5% in men, 10.7% in women, and 13.1% overall. More women than men had osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, and the number of people with osteoarthritis increased with age. In this study, of those with osteoarthritis, 13.5% were men and 88% were women; of those with rheumatoid arthritis, 19.3% were men and 56.3% were women. The number of patients with osteoarthritis increased with age, and rheumatoid arthritis was more common in older people. Subjects with osteoarthritis had lower grip strength than those without the disease, and the older the age at which rheumatoid arthritis was first diagnosed, the lower the grip strength. Conclusion: Grip strength is lower in patients with osteoarthritis than in those without osteoarthritis, and it is possible to estimate the degree to which muscle strength decreases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.63-73
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study examined the actual condition of physical therapy in residential facilities for the disabled and determined the degree of job satisfaction of physical therapists. METHODS: In this study, data were collected using a structured questionnaire targeting 117 physical therapists (male: 49, female: 68) working in residential facilities for the disabled. The questionnaire consisted of 21 items, including six general characteristics, one job satisfaction, and 14 actual situation-related items. RESULTS: The job satisfaction of the physical therapists working in residential facilities for the disabled was 3.81 ± .83, which was between 'normal' and 'satisfactory'. One physical therapist worked in 91.5% of places. The physical therapy room was used only by the physical therapist, occupational therapist or speech therapist, and a nurse and other departments in 65.8%, 9.4%, and 23.1% of cases. On average, six to 10 patients per day were treated the most with 45.3%, followed by physical therapy alone at 19.7%, and work related to medical rehabilitation and other departments at 72.7%. A higher number of overtime hours and nurses resulted in lower job satisfaction. CONCLUSION: The job satisfaction of physical therapists working in residential facilities for the disabled was similar to those of physical therapists working in medical institutions, but the factors affecting the job satisfaction were different. Professionalism in physical therapy was not secured, and the relationships with colleagues were an important factor in increasing job satisfaction.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.231-237
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the correlation between the preferred sensation type and speech sounds, especially on $F_0$ and the speech rates. Data for the sensation types and speech sounds were collected from 36 undergraduate and graduate students (17 male, 19 female). Subjects were asked to read a given text (400 syllables), describe a drawing, and give answers to some questions. We measured speakers' $F_0$ and speech rates. The results show that type V (Visual) has the correlation with the speech rates when type D (Digital) was ruled out, and type A (Auditory) has the correlation with the speech rates when type D was included. Furthermore, the analysis of the mean values of V, A, K (Visual, Auditory, Kinethetic) indicates that type V is characterized with faster speech rates and higher $F_0$ in all parts except for interview and the same is true for that of V, A, K, D (Visual, Auditory, Kinethetic, Digital) in all parts. In conclusion, this study proved that the preferred sensation type has the correlation with $F_0$ and speech rates. Based on the results of this study, $F_0$ and speech rates can be used to analyze the sensation types for individualized education as well as consultation. In addition, this study has great significance in that it lays a foundation for the study on the correlation between a preferred sensation type and speech sounds.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.51-61
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to compare voice characteristics and voice-related quality of life (K-VRQOL) of the elderly female choir members using perceptual-auditory voice quality evaluation (GRBAS) and K-VRQOL scales. The participants were 77 women over 60 years old who were actively engaged in the choir in either Seoul or Busan. There are two kinds of choirs that indicate different engagement levels: regular choir and church choir. The perceptual-auditory vocal quality evaluation was listened to by / a / vowels and were graded by experts using the GRBAS scale. As a result, when comparing the differences between groups, the elderly female participants of the regular choir showed higher satisfaction in speech using the subjective speech recognition level than the elderly female members who performed in the church choir. In addition, the analysis showed that the satisfaction level was high in the physical function area of the K-VRQOL scale. This study confirmed that choral activities could yield positive results not only in terms of improving voice function in old age, but also to improve the subjective perception level of voice use, thus suggesting the necessity of systematic music programs to improve voices that are aging.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.75-87
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate, longitudinally, interruption behavior which children who do stutter (CWS), children who do not stutter (CWNS) and their mothers and relationship with disfluency of children showed during interactions with their mothers. Subjects for this study consisted of 2-5 year old CWS (male 2 and female 4), an age-matched group of CWNS (male 3 and female 3), and their mothers. Frequencies of normal disfluency (ND) and abnormal disfluency (AD) in children group and frequency of interruption and simultalk duration in children and mothers group were measured two times (initial visit and 12 months later) over the course of one year. As a result, no significant difference was observed in frequency of interruption and simultalk duration both between two mother groups and between two child groups at initial visit and 12 months later. However, frequency of interruption increased significantly over the course of one year in CWS group. A significant group difference was found in frequency of interruption of mothers but, no significant difference was observed in simultalk duration of mothers at initial visit. In the CWS·mothers group, no factors were related with disfluency of children at initial visit and 12 months later. These findings suggest that interruption is not just negative behavior, and that reducing interruption should be considered in child·parent interaction therapy for CWS.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.310-319
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• 2006

Submucosal type cleft palate is subdivision of the cleft palate. It is very difficult to find submucosal cleft, because when we exam submucosal type cleft palate patients, it seems to be normal. But in fact, there are abnormal union of palatal muscles of submucosal type cleft palate patients. Because of late detection, the treatment - for example, the operation or the speech therapy - for the submucosal type cleft palate patient usually becomes late. Some patients visited our hospital due to speech disorder nevertheless normal intraoral appearance. After precise intraoral examination, we found out submucosal cleft palate. We evaluated the speech before and after surgery of these patients. In this study, we want to find the objective characteristics of submucosal type cleft palate patients, comparing with the normal and the complete cleft palate patients. Experimental groups were 10 submucosal type cleft palate patients and 10 complete cleft palate patients who got the operation in our hospital. And, the controls were 10 normal person. The sentence patterns using in this study were simple 5 vowels. Using CSL program we evaluated the Formant, Bandwidth. We analized the spectral characteristics of speech signals of 3 groups, before and after the operation. In most cases, the formant scores were higher in experimental groups (complete cleft palate group and submucosal type cleft palate group) than controls. There were small differences when speeching /a/, /i/, /e/ between experimental groups and control groups, large differences when speeching /o/, /u/. After surgery the formant scores were decreased in experimental groups (complete cleft palate group and submucosal type cleft palate group). In bandwidth scores, there were no significant differences between experimental groups and controls.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Laryngology, Phoniatrics and Logopedics
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.166-172
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• 1997

Background : For example, aerodynamic study, vibratory study, acoustic study, neuro-muscular test and psychoacoustic evaluation, a number of objective methods are now available for assessing pathologic voice change. They help to differentiate pathologic condition from normal condition and to monitor pathologic and aging change. These laboratory analyses are used commonly to monitor speech therapy and to follow a patient's recovery after surgery. Objectives : We investigated the values of jitter, shimmer and NNE of normal person and hoarseness patients in Korea. The values of Jitter and shimmer might be meaningful parameters distinguishing pathologic vibration from normal and recovery after surgery. Materials and Methods : Statistical significance between normal control and 48 subjects taken microlaryngeal surgery were compared with Dr. speech science program that is computerized system for acoustic analysis of voice production employed to determine vocal characteristics of pitch perturbation(jitter) and amplitude perturbation(shimmer). Results : The mean normal values of jitter and shimmer were 0.226${\pm}$0.110(%), 2.200${\pm}$0.421(%) in male and 0.164${\pm}$0.060(%), 2.063 ${\pm}$0.575(%) in female. In patients with vocal nodule, the preoperative and postoperative values of jitter and shimmer were valueless. In patients with vocal polyps, the preoperative and postoperative values of jitter and shimmer were valuable. Conclusion : Dr. speech science program was effective to monitor laryngeal disease and aging changes.