• 대한구순구개열학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한구순구개열학회 2003년도 종합학술대회
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• pp.43-43
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• 2003

• 음성과학
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.145-157
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• 2003

Vowels are classified by the shapes of vocal tract. These shapes form constriction points along the tract, which have an influence on such vocal tract resonance as F1, F2, F3, and so on. The formant frequency is influenced by aperture and placement of tongue and the intensity is influenced by air pressure of subglottis. The object of this study compares to characterize the spectral outputs of oral and nasal spectra for the formant frequencies and intensity of Korean oral vowels. Subjects consisted of 20 normal persons (10 male and 10 female) without laryngeal pathology. The speech sample included /a/, /e/, /i/, /o/, /u/ of Korean oral vowels. The spectrum of each vowel was analysed by Nasal View and Real Analysis Program using Dr. Speech. The result showed that nasal intensity is decreased manifestly from F1 to F2. But oral intensity and Intensity is decreased little bit from F1 to F2. The most of values of nasal formant frequency is similarity oral formant frequency and Formant frequency or little bit smaller.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.49-53
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• 2017

Formant frequencies depend on the position of tongue, the shape of lips, and larynx. In the auditory system, the external ear canal is an open-end resonator, which can modify the voice characteristics. This study investigates the effect of the real ear on formant frequencies. Fifteen subjects ranging from 22 to 30 years of age participated in the study. This study employed three corner vowels: the low central vowel /a/, the high front vowel /i/, and the high back vowel /u/. For this study, the voice of a well-educated undergraduate who majored in speech-language pathology, was recorded with a high performance condenser microphone placed in the upper pinna and in the ear canal. Paired t-test showed that there were significant difference in the formant frequencies of F1, F2, F3, and F4 between the free field and the real ear. For /a/, all formant frequencies decreased significantly in the real ear. For /i/, F2 increased and F3 and F4 decreased. For /u/, F1 and F2 increased, but F3 and F4 decreased. It seems that these voice modifications in the real ear contribute to interpreting voice quality and understanding speech, timbre, and individual characteristics, which are influenced by the shape of the outer ear and external ear canal in such a way that formant frequencies become centralized in the vowel space.

• 음성과학
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.91-102
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• 1998

The present study attempted to modify the conventional Melodic Intonation Therapy (MIT) in three aspects: number of syllables of adjacent target utterances (ATU), melody patterns of ATU, and initial listening of melody and intoned speech with the eyes closed. The modified Melodic Intonation Therapy (MMIT) was applied to two severe Korean aphasics. The patients exhibited a severely nonfluent aphasia resulting from a left CVA(Cerebrovascular Accident). The purpose of the modification was to avoid perseveration and improve reflective listening skills. First, the treatment program avoided ATU with the same number of syllables. Second, four different patterns of melody were developed: rising type, falling type, V-type, and inverted V-type. One type of prosodic pattern was preceded and followed by another type of melody. These two variations were to decrease perseverative behaviors. Finally, the patients kept their eyes closed when the clinician played and hummed a target melody at the initial stage of the program in order to improve reflective listening skills. A single-subject alternating treatment design was used. The effects of MMIT were compared to the conventional MIT. Differing the number of syllables and the type of melodic patterns decreased perseverative behaviors and produced more correct names. The initial listening of the target melody with the patients' eyes closed seemed to increase their attentiveness and result in a more fluent production of target utterances. Probable reasons for the effectiveness of MMIT were discussed.

• 음성과학
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.123-133
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• 2001

This case study investigated the assessment and treatment of bilingual children using a 4.5 year old bilingual child. We also compared treatment methods for bilingual children in the U.S. and in Korea, respectively. Given the lack of unbiased assessment tools, it was difficult to evaluate the child properly. In addition, the study of the linguistic characteristics of bilingual children have not been researched extensively in Korea. As a result, there were limitations in assessing the child. However, once all requisite information had been gathered, he was assessed as a bilingual child with specific language impairment (SLI) and his skill in both languages was considered equivalent. During treatment sessions, the child exhibited diverse linguistic characteristics and interesting error patterns which were not evident in monolingual SLI. However, it was difficult to assess whether the error patterns exhibited by the subject were attributable to his own bilingual characteristics or not. This was further complicated by the lack of previous research on the bilingual child's linguistic characteristics. His progress differed from one area to another. Furthermore, we illustrated some of the limitations in assessing bilingual children and proposed several considerations that should be met before treatment is initiated.

• 대한기관식도과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기관식도과학회 1972년도 춘계종합 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.2.1-2
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• 1972

사회가 안정되어 감에 따라 질병에 대한 일차적인 치료와 더불어 2차적인 재활과 사회의 복지에 중점을 두고 있다. 우리는 흔히 재활이라고 하면 지체부자유자들에 대한 재활에만 관심을 두고 있으나 그와 못지 않게 언어 장애에 대한 재활도 병행, 발전해야 될 것이다. 이지음 시급한 연구 대상으로 되어있는 "공해"의 한가지로써 "언어 공해" 즉 몇몇의 발음 장애, 언어장애자들로 인해서 많은 수의 어린이들이 발음이 정확하지 못한 경향이 있다. 이에 우리 과에서는 전주시내외에 있는 5개 국민학교 학생 921명에 대한 언어조사를 하여 그 결과를 관찰했다 이 결과는 대단한 것은 못되나 앞으로 우리나라 언어 병리학의 발전에 조금이라도 도움이 되고 어린이들의 언어 공해를 지양하는데 힘이 되기 바라는 바이다.

• 음성과학
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.189-200
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• 2003

The objective of this study was to examine two new parameters by which we could screen people with malignant vocal folds. The new parameters were the difference sums and Pearson correlation coefficients between adjacent pairs of intensity level matrices of narrow-band spectra. Audio files from the Korean Disordered Speech Database were analyzed by Praat, a speech analysis software, to obtain matrices of 400 intensity levels at 16 time points of each sustained vowel spectra. We limited our study to 12 normal subjects and 20 patients with malignant vocal folds who recorded at least three Korean vowels at a sound-proofed booth in Busan National University Hospital. Results indicated that the average coefficients of the abnormal subjects were much lower than those of the normal subjects while the average difference sums of the patients were much higher than those of the normal ones. Also, we found that the degree of the malignancy of the vocal folds was related to the coefficients and sums. However, some subjects at the initial stages of cancerous vocal folds yielded almost comparable coefficients and difference sums to those of the normal speakers. Further studies on larger databases will be desirable to set certain criteria or threshold levels for screening people with vocal fold diseases.

• 음성과학
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• 제1권
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• pp.315-323
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• 1997

This study attempts to determine the fundamental frequency level of male and female voices that Koreans perceive as normal. Seventy-three college students majoring in Speech Pathology participated in the study on a voluntary basis. The subjects listened to a male voice with fundamental frequency of 60 Hz, 80 Hz, 100 Hz, 120 Hz, 140 Hz, 160 Hz, 180 Hz, and 200 Hz, and a female voice with fundamental frequency of 140 Hz, 160 Hz, 180 Hz, 200 Hz, 220 Hz, 240 Hz, 260 Hz, and 280 Hz. The PSOLA (Pitch Synchronous Overlap). method and harmonic modeling method of speech signal were used to change pitch in the 20 Hz interval. The voices were presented in a random order to prevent listener bias. The results were as follows; Firstly, $46.6\%$ judged male voice with 120 Hz as normal, and $19.2\%$ judged 140 Hz as normal, and another $19.2\%$ judged 160 Hz as normal. Secondly, $50.7\%$ perceived female voice with 220 Hz as normal, and $32.9\%\;and\;30.1\%$ responded to 200 Hz and 240 Hz, respectively. The problems and recommendations for a future investigation are discussed.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2019

With the development of medical technology, interest in rehabilitation devices is increasing and various devices are being studied. In particular, devices for speech disorders such as hearing impairment and cleft palate are attracting attention. In general, the nasometer is used for patients with flaccid dysarthria and velopharyngeal incompetence(VPI). However, in the case of the conventional separator type nasometer, that has an acoustic feedback problem between the oral and nasal sounds. In recent, the mask type nasometer has been developed which is insensitive to acoustic feedback. But, still not popularized. In this paper, the nasometer characteristics of the conventional separation type and mask type are analyzed. Also, We were obtained clinical acoustic data from the 6 subjects and examined the significant differences in the structure of the separation type and mask type nasometer. Through experiments, it was confirmed that the measurement was about 3~15% higher in the mask type nasometer than the conventional nasometer having a separator type. Also, We was considered the necessity of nasometer signal processing for acoustic feedback reduction and nasalance calculation optimization.

• 재활복지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.45-65
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• 2016

일차 진행성 실어증(Primary Progressive Aphasia, PPA) 환자군을 대상으로 한 효율적이고 체계적인 진단과 중재가 이루어지기 위해 기초연구가 많이 필요함에도 불구하고, 신경언어장애 내 치매 하위분야에서도 이들에 대한 연구는 부진한 편이다. 본 연구에서는 최근 10년간 국내외 관련 학술지에서 다루어진 PPA 연구논문의 동향을 분석하여 국내 PPA 연구의 향후 방향을 제시하는데 목적을 두었다. 일차적으로 선별된 171편의 논문을 대상으로 연구대상, 연구목적, 연구영역으로 나누고 연도별 연구동향에 대한 분석을 실시하였다. 연구대상은 국내외 모두 '실문법형'이 가장 많았고, 연구목적은 PPA의 전반적 특성이나 세 아형별 비교를 다룬 '특성연구'가 가장 많이 차지하고 있었다. 연구영역은 국외 연구에서는 의미(언어) 영역을 가장 많이 다루고 있으면서 '말'과 '기타'연구도 골고루 이루어져 있었던 반면, 우리나라는 '언어' 영역을 제외한 '말'과 '기타' 영역에 대한 연구가 아직 시행되지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 국외에서는 기존의 3가지 아형으로 나누어지던 PPA 분류에 말실행증(apraxia of speech) 분류가 추가되어 4가지 증상의 구별에 대한 연구가 활발히 모색되고 있는 반면, 국내는 환자 사례 발출이 어려워 이들이 보이는 증상이 의사소통장애에 상당히 초점이 맞춰져 있음에도 불구하고 시행된 연구가 거의 없었다. 기본적으로 관련 연구의 수가 절대적으로 부족하고 연구 영역의 다양성이 부족한 것으로 나타난 만큼, 향후 이에 대한 관심과 연구 확대가 필요하다.