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http://dx.doi.org/10.13064/KSSS.2017.9.1.049

Formant frequency changes of female voice /a/, /i/, /u/ in real ear  

Heo, Seungdeok (대구대학교)
Kang, Huira (대구대학교 대학원 재활과학과 언어치료전공)
Publication Information
Phonetics and Speech Sciences / v.9, no.1, 2017 , pp. 49-53 More about this Journal
Abstract
Formant frequencies depend on the position of tongue, the shape of lips, and larynx. In the auditory system, the external ear canal is an open-end resonator, which can modify the voice characteristics. This study investigates the effect of the real ear on formant frequencies. Fifteen subjects ranging from 22 to 30 years of age participated in the study. This study employed three corner vowels: the low central vowel /a/, the high front vowel /i/, and the high back vowel /u/. For this study, the voice of a well-educated undergraduate who majored in speech-language pathology, was recorded with a high performance condenser microphone placed in the upper pinna and in the ear canal. Paired t-test showed that there were significant difference in the formant frequencies of F1, F2, F3, and F4 between the free field and the real ear. For /a/, all formant frequencies decreased significantly in the real ear. For /i/, F2 increased and F3 and F4 decreased. For /u/, F1 and F2 increased, but F3 and F4 decreased. It seems that these voice modifications in the real ear contribute to interpreting voice quality and understanding speech, timbre, and individual characteristics, which are influenced by the shape of the outer ear and external ear canal in such a way that formant frequencies become centralized in the vowel space.
Keywords
resonance; formant frequency; real ear; external auditory canal resonance;
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Times Cited By KSCI : 3  (Citation Analysis)
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