• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.311-335
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• 2008

The importance of students' precise understanding of mathematical definitions, formulas, and theorems can not be underestimated. In this survey research, we attempted to evaluate students' understanding of the concepts of five topics -limit, continuity and intermediate theorem, derivative, application of derivative and integral. On the basis of the research result, this paper suggests that we need to 1) be more inventive and speculative in making test problems, 2) explain the examples and counter-examples more concretely, 3) stress and repeat the basic concepts on the stage of introducing new concepts, 4) develop more effective problems for the measure of students' understanding of mathematical concepts, 5) use developed problems in actual teaching.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.669-677
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• 2020

The study aims to compare the effects of employing investment deposits (joint and specified investment deposits) in Islamic banks, and investment deposits (term deposits and deposits with notification) at conventional banks, on shareholders' profitability, represented by the earnings per share (EPS), in light of operational profits as a controlling variable. Data related to the study variables was collected from the annual financial reports published by the study sample banks, during the period (2009-2018). The study relies on multiple regression to test the hypotheses of the study. The high adjusted R² to explain the change in EPS for Islamic banks model as compared to conventional banks, is a result of the high difference between investment deposits (specified and joint) at Jordanian Islamic banks and investment deposits (term deposits and deposits with notification) at Jordanian conventional banks. The study found that it is important for the managements of Islamic banks to adopt a uniform method to combine speculative funds, in order to develop and improve shareholders' profitability. The study recommended Islamic banks to follow practical, methodological and transparent approaches to calculate the rates of Murabaha profit margins between shareholders and depositors, while also taking into consideration some of the issues which could be harmful for the competition between Islamic and conventional banks.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.111-120
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to understand the sociocultural context of the pre-game period, and how the context influenced on the identity formation of games. Games did not develop with the fixed and stable identities. Instead, games is the outcome which is conceived in the history of articulation of various discourses, technologies and social factors. The mechanical amusement devices was consumed for the urban entertainment, and made a strained relations with the society for the speculative and pathological characteristics. The mechanical amusement has extended to the electronic games in 1970s, and reached the present digital game culture.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1897-1900
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• 2002

This paper proposes a novel computer-human interface, named invisible Messenger. It integrates face detection and tracking, and speaker array signal processing. By speaker array it is possible to form acoustic focus at the arbitrary location that is measured by the face tracking. Thus the proposed system can whisper in a person's ear as if an invisible virtual messenger were standing by the person. Not only speculative discussion, the authors have implemented a working prototype system based upon the proposed idea. This paper also describes about this prototype. In order to confirm effectiveness of the proposed idea, the authors conduct experiments using the implemented system. Experimental results demonstrate the effectivenss of the proposed idea.

• BMB Reports
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.507-512
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• 1996

The NADPH oxidase of phagocytes catalyzes the reduction of oxygen to $O_{2}^{-}$ at the expense of NADPH The enzyme is dormant in resting neutrophils and hecomes activated on stimulation. During activation. $p47^{phox}$ (phagocyte oxidase factor), a cytosolic oxidase subunit, becomes extensively phosphorylated on a number of serines located between S303-S379. Although the biochemical role of phosphorylation is speculative, it has been suggested that phosphorylation could neutralize the strongly cationic C-terminal which may result in the change of conformation of $p47^{phox}$ and subsequent translocation of this protein and other cytosolic components to the membrane. In order to mimic the effect of phosphorylation in terms of neutralizing the positive charges, recombinant $p47^{phox}$ was treated with phenylglyoxal, which removes positive charges of arginine residues. Modification of recombinant $p47^{phox}$ resulted in the activation of oxidase in a cell-free translocation system as well as a conformational change in recombinant $p47^{phox}$ which may be responsible for the activation of the enzyme.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 2011

The humanities are academic disciplines that study the human condition using methods that are primarily analytic, critical, or speculative, as distinguished from the mainly empirical approaches of the natural and social sciences. This study tries to explore the practical role and direction of the humanities in the social network community, where harmonious communication with the more concrete aspects of human life is not always in effect. This task will examine the scholarly nature of the 'miner humanities in the subject area rather than other areas of the humanities. Therefore, the goal of this study is first to investigate the nature of the academic mind humanities, and then to explore the practical challenges as well as possible reasons that the mind humanities should be educationally approached in a self-cultivated perspective.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to understand and verify the incentives as an important market environment and to help consumers use them effectively, and consequently to improve the consumer welfare. This study examined the representative incentive, the sales promotions which can effect on the consumer decision making process and current issues of them. For the purpose, a coffee specialty store was hypothesized and the subjects were 20∼30 years old, since the sales promotions can be more effective toward the younger consumers making their decisions low-involvement goods and services. The conclusions can be summarized as follows; Consumers understand the advantages and disadvantages of sales promotion very well, and use them rationally and usefully to maximize their satisfaction. the sales promotions act as incentives in the all steps of decision making processes. Generally, consumers prefer to get things at a good price, so in this survey, the discount coupons and the point accumulative membership had more effect than others. Consumers pointed out controversial issues of the sales promotions as follows: the sales promotions could bring about cost rising and unnecessary and/or impulse buying, and stir up speculative motivation. These are common serious problems in the sales promotions. The sales promotions are very useful tools in promoting sales but not fundamental in the long run. Marketers and manufacturers should keep it in mind that the best way to satisfy the consumers is to keep all things in good quality and moderate price.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.65-76
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to grasp the spatial characteristics and consciousness structure for The Third Place through the empirical research, focused on housewives as the survey who spend many times in neighborhood. The four types as the consciousness structure are deducted, Nature-oriented type, Unusual experience type, Solitude enjoyment type, and Originality-oriented type. And the spatial characteristics related to the four types are deducted as the followings: Nature-oriented type contains the spatial characteristics as Wild space, Speculative space, Dotty occupation space, and Green way. Unusual experience type contains as Rambling space, Dynamic sojourn space, and Theme-plex space. Solitude enjoyment type contains as Anonymous private space, Encircling space, and Religious space. Originality-oriented type contains as Chatter space, Self development space, and Community space between families. The results of this study represent six characteristics on the third place, advocated by Oldenburg, and show housewives' various needs and concrete examples for the Third place in city.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.16-30
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to inquire into the necessity and problem of the study on beauty aesthetics, and the direction and method of its study theoretically by applying the concept of aesthetics to the beauty art as an attempt to build up aesthetic concepts of beauty art. As results of inquiry, the study on beauty aesthetics is essential for the adaptation to demands for the creativity of beauty art. As for problem of study on beauty aesthetics, it is necessary to conduct an aggregate study at various angles since the aesthetic value of beauty art (hairstyle) is realized by interaction of the social cultural value or practical value and pure artistic value, and the unique cosmetic beauty of any era or nation group individual is created on the basis of hair designers and individual spirit, emotion and taste, etc. and its perceptual aesthetic enjoyment is accomplished variously. As for the direction and method of study on beauty aesthetics, the quest with abstract speculative self-examination into the beauty having its subjective meaning must be accomplished. This thesis would like to contribute to the building up of beauty industry field as beauty arts based on the aesthetics by successive coming forward of personnel for beauty who combine the aesthetic abilities meeting the diversified requirements of modern society and by improving the recognition of persons recognizing the beauty industry field as a technical field only.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 2013

Objectives Two conflicting readings of "Donguisusebowon" so far have been presented that Sasang Constitutional Medicine inherited the traditional Five Elements theory and that it was a new perspective on its own right. The main purpose of this paper is to review the theoretical ground of Sasang Constitutional Medicine to see whether it has inherited the Traditional Korean Medicine, and show that it had been developed as an original view independent of the Five Elements theory. Methods To do this, I inquired into the theoretical background of Sasang Constitutional Medicine as well as its philosophical premises and its leading ideas. Results and Conclusions As a result, I have found that Sasang Constitutional Medicine is an original medical theory developed in empirical terms on its own right, divorced from the transcendental view of the Five Elements theory, while borrowing some concepts from I-Ching and Neo-Confucianism only for technical tools. In short, Sasang Constitutional Medicine may well be put as calling for a reappraisal of the Han-medical and Confucian accounts of human being, and a transition from speculative method based on the Five Elements theory to a verifiable empirical method. In this vein, my reading of Sasang Constitutional Medicine in empirical perspective may well be appraised as presenting a new way to further inquiries into the theoretical nature of it, and to getting itself across with Western medicine as well.