• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.87-92
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• 1995

Lip seals, important components in many hydraulic devices, dissipate energy through friction, resulting in power loss. This study contributes to an understanding of lip seal friction by further exploring the connections between friction behavior, viscoelastic properties of robber and viscous properties of the lubricant. Experiments haven been conducted for short stroke oscillations, where these connections are quite strong. Sliding friction experiments at a variety of pressures, temperatures and oscillation rates (for different seal materials, surface roughnesses and lubricant viscosities) are examined. Speculative explanations are suggested for conditions under which friction maxima and frictional vibrations occur.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.25 no.8
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• pp.1053-1059
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• 2001

Results from direct numerical simulation and LDV measurements are analyzed to investigate the influence of structured surface on turbulence in the outer layer. To provide a well-defined surface roughness, sinusoidal wavy surface was used. Even though flows over smooth and wavy surface show very different process for maintaining turbulence in the vicinity of the wall, there are some evidences that the turbulence in the outer layer has a universal characteristics and it may be possible to give a speculative interpretation that similarity of turbulent structures arises because Reynolds stress producing motion is similar regardless of different turbulence generation mechanisms embedded in both cases.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Language and Information Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.13-28
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• 2007

This is a speculative paper, describing a recently started effort to give a formal semantics to semantic annotation schemes. Semantic annotations are intended to capture certain semantic information in a text, which means that it only makes sense to use semantic annotations if these have a well-defined semantics. In practice, however, semantic annotation schemes are used that lack any formal semantics. In this paper we outline how existing approaches to the annotation of temporal information, semantic roles, and reference relations can be integrated in a single XML-based format and can be given a formal semantics by translating them into second-order logic. This is argued to offer an incremental aproach to the incorporation of semantic information in natural language processing that does not suffer from the problems of ambiguity and lack of robustness that are common to traditional approaches to computational semantics.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.57-79
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• 2000

Most model constructs in organization studies are descriptive in nature, and the conclusions relating to the model behavior over time are speculative. The usefulness of System Dynamics as a methodology for modeling and testing dynamic behavioral hypotheses in organizational behavioral studies is presented, and how to construct a System Dynamics model using simulation software(VENSIM) is shown, The well-know March and Simon motivation model is used to demonstrate the step by step application of System Dynamics to model of this type. The dynamic behavior of the model, both transient and steady state, is obtained, Even though the paper has focused on one model in the area of individual behavior, the approach is general and can be applied to other areas of organizational behavior as will. The usefulness of System Dynamics as a methodology for theory building is identified as well.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2020

Main research question of this study is about whether gated community (GC) as private urban governance gets along with local public goods by locating near to them. We examine this question through testing the Tiebout hypothesis from case study of Seoul, capital city of South Korea, in which GCs are so common to test the assumption empirically. For this, we examine the meaning of GC in 3 Es viewpoints; conceptualize the framework of Tieboutian co-evolution of GC and local public goods by hedonic price modeling. As a result, possibilities are found that GCs are to be seen from different point of view, viz. co-evolutionary mechanism between private and public governance; GCs effectively capture and represent the demand of residents for local public goods through voting by their collective locational choice. It allows us different kind of approach to investigate APTs as a co-evolutionary form of private and public urban order rather than seeing them only as a tool of speculative investment, particularly in rapidly urbanizing countries like Korea.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.295-300
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• 2021

Recent advances in Internet-of-Things and wearable computing have established computationally sufficient infrastructure to remove the barriers of physical locations. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the use of remote collaboration, work-from-home, teleconferencing, online education, digital twin, and metaverse enriched with various configurations of augmented reality, virtual reality, mixed reality, and extended reality. Beyond specialized niche wearable applications in the medical and entertainment domains, we aim to identify the underlying characteristics of smartglass-enabled killer applications for everyday use. In this paper, we analyze intermediary roles in remote collaboration consisting of authoritative supervisors, synergetic collaborators, and speculative explorers. We also propose technical components for smartglass-assisted interactive remote collaboration composed of personal tracking, teleconference, and interaction components. More specifically, the application tasks of each intermediary role and objectives of three functional components are defined and elaborated.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.392-411
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to develop a method for exploring hotspot patterns of house price volatility where there is a high fluctuation in price and homogeneity of direction of price volatility. These patterns are formed when the majority of householders in an area show an adaptive tendency in their decision making. This paper suggests a method that consists of two analytical parts. The first part uses spatial scan statistics to detect spatial clusters of houses with a positive range of price volatility. The second part utilizes local Moran's I to evaluate the homogeneity of direction of price volatility within each cluster. The method is applied to the areas of Gangnam-Gu, Seocho-Gu, and Songpa-Gu in Seoul from August to November of 2003; the Participatory Government of Korea designated these areas and this period as the most speculative. The results of the analysis show that the area around Gaepo-Dong was as a hotspot before the Government's anti-speculative 10.29 policy in 2003; the house prices in the same area stabilized in October, 2003 and the area was identified as a coldspot in December, 2003. This case study shows that the suggested method enables exploration of hotspot of house price volatility at micro spatial scales which had not been detected by visual analysis.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.101-109
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• 2005

As a circumstantial-existance character (the human character who takes action after grasping circumstances and fears things with reason) the Japanese were more interested in the active doctrines of Wang Yang-ming than other speculative studies. All of people were inhumanely incorporated into the rigorous class system under pressure in the samurai society. In the atmosphere of the society a natural phenomenon was understood as the ksana of change, and instead of the whole, the part was mainly described with emphasis on the reality. Therefore nature came near to the man after being reduced and then was symbolized in the Interior space. Also the classification of spaces, that is to say, the settlement of borders by the social position was shown in the great interior space like a labyrinth. As a self-existance character(the human style who carves out for and does not have a regard other's feeling), however, the Korean were much influenced by the Taoist Idea as they tried to be similar to nature in nature itself. Therefore the idea of Asaniskrota was in their origin. There was a tendency for space to be extended toward the outdoor in Korea, since the Korean people who are speculative and like to be natural tried to be close to nature. Therefore the division of spaces according to class and sexuality and the settlement of borders were already shown in outside by Che-Na-Num(Divided-Mass:Koren's own style). These are closely related with that houses were built after a village settle down in Korea while built before a village settle down in Japan. Architectural space consists of the interior and the exterior. The layout and (on of architectural space has a great variety of characters by region and culture. In other words, it can be understood which has a priority between the interior and the exterior in developing the layout and the form of architectural space. Belonging to the culture area of Chinese characters with Korea, Japan has maintained its own Identity. It has an identity in the layout and form of architectural space as well. Therefore, the architecture and architectural theories of the two countries were compared and analyzed with priority given to the traditional architecture, also the backgrounds of architecture and architectural theories of two countries were examined in this study. This study shows that each country has different characters in how to introduce nature, how to expand space and how to compose windows, including the view of nature and the cult of space. As a result, the space in Korean architecture has relatively the exterior-oriented character but in Japan architecture spatial character is interior-oriented. The interior-oriented character can be relevant to the word 'reduction' and the exterior-oriented character to 'extension' after all. Also it can be thought that each character has a great relation with climate and idea of people in power.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1411-1414
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• 2016

Background: Eosinophilic pleural effusion (EPE) is an eosinophil count more than 10% on cytology of pleural samples. Recently, it was reported that malignancy had been the most prevalent cause inducing EPE. Therefore, we conducted an analysis on the prevalence and etiology of EPE and investigated the relationship between EPE and malignancy. Materials and Methods: Data for pleural cell differential count from patients receiving thoracentesis during the period from January 2008 to December 2013 were compared with clinical data and established diagnosis of patients obtained via electronic chart review. Results: A total of 6,801 requests of pleural cytology from 3,942 patients with pleural effusion who had received thoracentesis were available at Far Eastern Memorial Hospital from 2008 to 2013, and of these subjects, 115 (2.9%) were found to have EPE. The most frequent cause of EPE was malignancy (33.0%, n=38), followed by parapneumonic effusions (27.8%, n=32), tuberculosis pleuritis (13.9%, n=16), transudate effusions (12.2%, n=14) and the presence of blood or air in pleural space (10.4%, n=12). Additionally, an inverse relationship of eosinophilia in pleural fluid was identified in patients with malignancy and EPE. The cut-off eosinophil count in pleural fluid was 15% for the most accurate discrimination between malignancy and benign disorders in patients with EPE. At the cut-off level, the sensitivity and specificity were 65.8% and 67.5%, respectively. Conclusions: Pleural fluid eosinophilia was a speculative negative predictor for malignancy, despite the fact that cancers, including lung cancers and metastatic cancers to lung, were the most leading cause of pleural fluid eosinophilia. An inverse correlation was observed between the pleural eosinophil percentage and the likelihood of malignancy in patients with EPE.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.72
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• pp.317-339
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to develop liberal arts subjects for humanity education in Christian universities. Christian universities need to attempt Christian humanity education through Christian educational interpretation of humanity. This study defines the humanity not character or personality but rather humanity. Humanity is starting from an understanding of human conditions. And it is a perspective toward oneself and others based on human ontological questions and life style. Human is a being with developmental crises and are marginal being with existential anxiety. Therefore, humanity education of Christian universities should be a place to face the void of finite humans in order to understand what kind of existence they are and to transform their epistemology to understand self and the world. Christian humanity education will be realized by two approaches. The first is a theoria approach that extends from a two-dimensional understanding of the self and experienced reality to the speculative and introspective pursuit of the ultimate truth, The second is a praxis approach that consist of the interaction of reflection to human's act and reflective behavior. Therefore, this study develops a subject focused on a speculative and reflective understanding of humanity as an case of a liberal arts subject for humanity education in a Christian university, and a subject focusing on the understanding of reflexively participating in the actual social situation, which is the context of humanity.