• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.401-409
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• 2006

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and multiple input multiple output (MIMO) technologies provide additional dimensions of freedom with spectral and spatial resources for radio resource management. Multi-dimensional radio resource management has recently been identified to exploit the full dimensions of freedom for more flexible and efficient utilization of scarce radio spectrum while provide diverse quality of service (QoS) guarantees. In this work, a multi-dimensional radio resource scheduling scheme is proposed to achieve above goals in hybrid orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and space division multiple access (SDMA) systems. Cochannel interference (CCI) introduced by frequency reuse under SDMA is eliminated by frequency division and time division between highly interfered users. This scheme maximizes system throughput subjected to the minimum data rate guarantee. for heterogeneous users and transmit power constraint. By numerical examples, system throughput and fairness superiority of the our scheduling scheme are verified.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2022

The fifth generation (5G) mobile communication technology is designed to meet all communication needs. Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) are a new emerging network structure. HetNets have greater potential for radio resource reuse and better service quality than homogeneous networks since they can evolve small cells into macrocells. Effective resource allocation techniques reduce inter-user interference while optimizing the utilization of limited spectrum resources in HetNets. This article discusses resource allocation in 5G HetNets. This paper explains HetNets and how they work. Typical cell types in HetNets are summarized. Also, HetNets models are explained in the third section. The fourth component addresses radio resource control and mobility management. Moreover, future study in this subject may benefit from this article's significant insights on how HetNets function.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.21-40
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• 2019

This paper presents a comprehensive survey of various artificial intelligence (AI) techniques implemented in cognitive radio engine to improve cognition capability in cognitive radio networks (CRNs). AI enables systems to solve problems by emulating human biological processes such as learning, reasoning, decision making, self-adaptation, self-organization, and self-stability. The use of AI techniques is studied in applications related to the major tasks of cognitive radio including spectrum sensing, spectrum sharing, spectrum mobility, and decision making regarding dynamic spectrum access, resource allocation, parameter adaptation, and optimization problem. The aim is to provide a single source as a survey paper to help researchers better understand the various implementations of AI approaches to different cognitive radio designs, as well as to refer interested readers to the recent AI research works done in CRNs.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

In recent decades, the heterogeneous and dynamic behavior of Internet traffic has placed new demands on the adaptive resource allocation of the optical network infrastructure. However, the advent of multifiber elastic optical networks has led to a higher degree of spectrum fragmentation than conventional flexible grid networks due to the dynamic and random establishment and removal of optical connections. In this paper, we propose heuristic routing and dynamic slot allocation algorithms to minimize spectrum fragmentation and reduce the probability of blocking future connection requests by considering the power consumption in elastic multifiber elastic optical networks.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.318-322
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• 2015

무선통신망에서 예측기법을 이용하는 경우는 대부분 사용자호가 요구하는 자원의 크기를 예측하여 미리 요구자원을 예약함으로써 사용자호가 요구하는 품질을 보장한다. 그러나 본 논문에서는 무선인지통신망에서 면허사용자가 사용하지 않는 스펙트럼홀(spectrum hole)자원의 크기를 예측하여 대여사용자의 스펙트럼 핸드오프호의 서비스 품질을 향상시킬 수 있는 채널할당방법을 제안한다. 스펙트럼홀의 예측은 위너예측모델을 이용한다. 채널할당 방법은 대여사용자호를 초기 발생호와 스펙트럼 핸드오프호로 구분하고, 예측된 스펙트럼홀 자원의 일정부분을 예약하여 스펙트럼 핸드오프호에 우선적으로 할당한다. 시뮬레이션을 통하여 제안한 기법이 스펙트럼홀 예측을 사용하지 않는 방법보다 대여사용자의 스펙트럼 핸드오프호의 서비스 품질을 향상(50% 예약시 평균 11% 개선)시킬 수 있음을 보인다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.3172-3193
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• 2022

Cognitive radio-simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (CR-SWIPT) has attracted much interest since it can improve both the spectrum and energy efficiency of wireless networks. This paper focuses on the resource sharing between a point-to-point primary system (PRS) and a multiuser multi-antenna cellular cognitive radio system (CRS) containing a large number of cognitive users (CUs). The resource sharing optimization problem is formulated by jointly scheduling CUs and adjusting the transmit power at the cognitive base station (CBS). The effect of accessing CUs' spatial channel correlation on the possible transmit power of the CBS is investigated. Accordingly, we provide a low-complexity suboptimal approach termed the semi-correlated semi-orthogonal user selection (SC-SOUS) algorithm to enhance the spectrum efficiency. In the proposed algorithm, CUs that are highly correlated to the information decoding primary receiver (IPR) and mutually near orthogonal are selected for simultaneous transmission to reduce the interference to the IPR and increase the sum rate of the CRS. We further develop a spatial correlation-based resource sharing (SC-RS) strategy to improve energy sharing performance. CUs nearly orthogonal to the energy harvesting primary receiver (EPR) are chosen as candidates for user selection. Therefore, the EPR can harvest more energy from the CBS so that the energy utilization of the network can improve. Besides, zero-forcing precoding and power control are adopted to eliminate interference within the CRS and meet the transmit power constraints. Simulation results and analysis show that, compared with the existing CU selection methods, the proposed low-complex strategy can enhance both the achievable sum rate of the CRS and the energy sharing capability of the network.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.201-207
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• 2009

게임 이론을 적용한 기술은 전파 인지 시스템에서 전파 자원을 효율적으로 이용할 수 있는 유용한 방법으로 그 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 전파 자원 관리 시스템은 그 효율성에 따라서 전파 통신 시스템의 성능을 좌우하게 되므로 효율적인 알고리즘의 연구가 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 분산 전력 제어가 적응적으로 구현되도록 하기 위하여 게임 이론을 적용한 새로운 시도를 해석적으로 제안하였다. 기존의 연구 결과들은 전력 제어를 게임 이론적으로 해석하는 가능성만을 보인 반면, 본 논문에서는 전파 인지 네트워크에서 네쉬 균형 (Nash Equilibrium)을 구하는 구체적인 알고리즘을 제안하였다. 네트워크에 접속된 부사용자들이 공동으로 만족하는 네쉬 균형 즉, 최적 전력 제어를 달성하도록 하는 방법을 제안하였다. 특히, 전파 인지 네트워크가 DSSS (Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum) 기술을 사용할 경우를 가정하여 이에 대한 적응적 전력 제어를 위한 게임 이론적 모델을 적용하였다. 게임 이론적인 알고리즘을 적용한 결과 DSSS 네트워크에서 K=63이고 N=12인 경우 네쉬 균형에 도달하기 위한 반복 횟수가 최대 200 이하인 결과를 보였다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권4호
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• pp.629-631
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• 2012

In Cognitive Radio network, spectrum selection scheme is one of a important part to manage idle spectrums efficiently. However, in CR networks, they have to adopt time-varying channel availability to minimize the interference to primary users (PU), and be able to manage spectrum resources efficiently. In this paper, we proposed a modified PF scheduler which can be appropriate to schedule downlink CR users and channels, by considering the fairness and the throughput as well as the primary user characteristics of each channel.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.232-245
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• 2021

As wireless communication continues to develop in limited frequency resource environments, it is becoming important to identify the state of spectrum utilization and predict the amount needed in future. It is essential to collect reliable information for data analysis. This paper introduces a platform that enables the gathering of the scheduling information of a long-term evolution (LTE) cellular system without connecting to the network. A typical LTE terminal can confirm its assigned resource information using the configuration parameters delivered from a network. However, our platform receives and captures only the LTE signal over the air and then enables the estimation of the data relevant to scheduling for all terminals within an LTE cell. After extracting the control channel signal without loss from all LTE subframes, it detects valid downlink control information using the proposed algorithm, which is based on the error vector magnitude of depatterned symbols. We verify the reliability of the developed platform by comparing it with real data from mobile phones and service operators. The average difference in resource block utilization is only 0.28%.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2830-2839
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• 2011

순음청력검사기는 청력의 손실 여부를 측정하기 위해 사용되는 중요한 의료기기이기 때문에 IEC와 ANSI에서는 순음청력검사기와 관련된 표준을 제시하고 있다. 본 논문은 순음청력검사기가 표준을 준수하는지 검사하기 위해 개발한 리눅스 기반 실시간 스펙트럼 분석기에 대해 기술한다. 본 논문의 실시간 스펙트럼 분석기는 청력 레벨 측정뿐 아니라 IEC에서 규정하고 있는 주파수 정확도, 청력 레벨 선형성, 고조파 왜곡, 단속음, 협대역 잡음에 대한 규정 준수 여부를 판단할 수 있는 기능을 제공한다. 개발한 실시간 스펙트럼 분석기를 상용 보정 시스템과 비교하여 검증한다.