• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.110-116
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• 1988

1. 분얼수는 3차 예취기에서가장 많았으며, 이시기까지 계속 증가를 하였지만 가을 예취기에서 급격히 감소했다. 엽면적 지수는 3차 예취기에서 가장 높았으며, 보통 예취직후 서서히 증가를 하다가 15~20일부터 빠르게 증가하였다. 2. 各 예취기 건물수량은 1次와 3次 ~예취가 다른 時期에 比하여 높게 나타났으며, 예취기별 건물중 變化는 葉面積 指數의 變化와 비슷한 樣相을 보이고 있었다. 3. LER은 예취후 20-30일l, SLW는 25-30日, CGR은 25~25日 사이에 最大速度에 도달했다. CGR은 1次 빛 3次 예취기에서 비교적 높았다. NAR은 約 20일 정도에 최대에 도달했는데, 棄乾物 重에는 NAR보다 다른 生長指標들이 더욱 크게 作用함을 알 수 있었다. 4. 乾物收量과 가장 높은 相關은 LAI와 CGR 으로서 각각 0.905와 0.962를 보여 고도의 正의 相關을 나타내였고 LER과 LAI 間에도 正의 相關인정되었다. 收量의 추정에 최적식은 LAI와 CGR을 변수로 사용하여 얻어 졌다. 5. LAI와 CGR 및 收量과의 관계로서 결정한 예취의 適期는 各 예취기별로 다르게 나타났으나 32일에서 36일 사이에 존재하였다.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2021

본 실험은 수경재배에서의 왕고들빼기 '선향'의 광도와 양액 농도가 광합성과 생육, 기능성 물질함량의 변화를 알아보고자 수행했다. 재배 환경은 온도 25±1℃, 상대습도 60±5%가 조절되는 생장 시스템에서 담액 수경 방식으로 재배하였다. 파종 14일 후, 광도 3수준(PPFD 100, 250, 500µmol·m-2·s-1)과 양액 농도 3수준(EC 0.8, 1.4, 2.0dS·m-1)를 조합하여 어린잎 채소 크기에 도달하였을 때 수확하여 분석하였다. 왕고들빼기 선향의 광합성율, 기공전도도, 증산율, 수분이용효율은 광도가 높을수록 증가하였다. 광합성율과 수분이용효울은 PPFD 500-EC 1.4, PPFD 500-EC 2.0 처리에서 가장 높았다. 엽록소 함량은 광도가 높을수록 감소하였며 엽록소 a/b 비율은 광도가 증가할수록 증가하였다. 잎수분함유량(LWC)와 비엽면적(SLA)는 광도가 높을수록 감소하여 부상관(p < 0.001)을 가졌다. 초장은 PPFD 100-EC0.8에서 가장 길었고, 엽수, 생체중, 건물중은 PPFD 500-EC2.0에서 가장 높았다. 기능성 물질인 안토시아닌과 총 페놀화합물은 PPFD 500-EC 1.4, 2.0 처리에서 가장 높았고, 항산화 소거 능력(DPPH)은 PPFD 250, 500에서 높았다. 생육과 기능성물질 함량 증진을 고려했을 때 왕고들빼기 수경재배 시 적정 광도와 EC는 PPFD 500-EC 2.0dS·m-1이며, 저광 조건인 PPFD 100, 250에서는 EC 0.8dS·m-1재배가 적합하였다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.65-74
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• 1984

This experiment was carried out to study the effects of light intensity and soil water regimes on the growth of ginseng seedling. The results were as follows: 1. The maximum light intensity and optimum temperature in 1,le photosynthesis of ginseng seedling were 10,000 lux and 23 $^{\circ}C$. Respiration rate was increased at high temperature. 2. Air and soil temperature under the shading were increased as the increase of light intensity but soil water contents were decreased as the increase of light intensity, whereas air and soil temperature were decreased as the increase of precipitation under the shade b5: soil water contents were increased as the increase of precipitation under the shade. 3. The higher the transmittance of the shade, the greater the specific leaf weight (S.L.W.) and stomatal density. In contrast, however, the contents of total chlorophyll, chlorophyll a and b, and stomatal length was decreased. There was no any significant difference light intensity of the a/b ratio of chlorophyll. 4. The highest photosynthesis was occurred in ginseng leaves grown under the shade 5% L.T.R. and net photosynthesis rates increased with increasing soil water contents. 5. Optimum condition for usable seedling yield were 5% L.T.R. and 3.3% precipitation under the shade. Useless seedling increased with increasing precipitation under the shade.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.127-130
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• 2004

Grapevine leaf roll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3) is one of the most important viral diseases of grapevine in the world. In this study, GLRaV-3 Ampelovirus was identi-fied from grapevines in Korea by analyzing viral coat protein size, nucleotide, and amino acid sequences. The molecular weight of viral coat protein from virus-infected in vitro plantlets was determined by western blot using a commercial GLRaV-3 polyclonal antibody. Western blot analysis showed a coat protein of about 43 kDa. RT-PCR product of about 942 bp which encoded the coat protein (CP) gene was amplified with specific primers. When the viruses existed at low titers in the host plant, the dsRNA had very specific template in RT- PCR amplification of fruit tree viruses. Especially, small-scale dsRNA extraction method was very reliable and rapid. Sequence analysis revealed that the CP of the GLRaV-3 Ko consisted of 942 bp nucleotide, which encoded 314 amino acid residues. The CP gene of GLRaV-3 Ko had 98.9% nucleotide sequence and 98.7% amino acid sequence identities with earlier reported GLRaV-3. This is the first report on molecular assay of GLRaV-3 Ampelovirus identified from Korea. The GLRaV-3 Ko CP clone would be very useful for breeding of virus resistant grapevines.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.85-91
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• 2014

Ground-based polarimetric scatterometers have been effective tools to monitor the growth of crop with multi-polarization and frequencies and various incident angles. An important advantage of these systems that can be exploited is temporal observation of a specific crop target. Polarimetric backscatter data at L-, C- and X-bands were acquired every 10 minutes. We analyzed the relationships between L-, C- and X-band signatures, biophysical measurements over the whole corn growth period. The Vertical transmit and Vertical receive polarization (VV) backscattering coefficients for all bands were greater than those of the Horizontal transmit and Horizontal receive polarization (HH) until early-July, and then thereafter HH-polarization was greater than VV-polarization or Horizontal transmit and Vertical receive polarization (HV) until the harvesting stage (Day Of Year, DOY 240). The results of correlation analysis between the backscattering coefficients for all bands and corn growth data showed that L-band HH-polarization (L-HH) was the most suited for monitoring the fresh weight ($r=0.95^{***}$), dry weight ($r=0.95^{***}$), leaf area index ($r=0.86^{**}$), and vegetation water content ($r=0.93^{***}$). Retrieval equations were developed for estimating corn growth parameters using L-HH. The results indicated that L-HH could be used for estimating the vegetation biophysical parameters considered here with high accuracy. Those results can be useful in determining frequency and polarization of satellite Synthetic Aperture Radar stem and in designing a future ground-based microwave system for a long-term monitoring of corn.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.1221-1231
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• 2015

The present study was conducted to find a way to recycle the coir substrate by investigating changes in its physical and chemical properties based on the number of use year. Specific gravity of unused coir substrate was $0.212g/cm^3$, while it was higher for the substrate used for 2 years. Porosity was different depending on the number of use year. The porosity of unused substrate was 51.9%, but it increased to 68.6% after used for 2 years. In general, physical and chemical properties were better in the coir substrate used for 2 years than in unused one. The number of leaves, leaf area, flesh weight and dry weight of oriental cabbage and lettuce were higher in coir substrate used for 2 years than those in unused one. Whereas, no significant difference was observed between the substrates used for one year and 2 years, indicating that the one time-used wast substrate could be recycled for cultivating vegetables. Growth of the vegetables was improved when organic fertilizer composed of complex organics with different mixing ratios was provided to the coir substrate, compared to untreated plot. The optimum mixing ratio of the wast substrate and complex organics was 2:8(v/v) for fertilization using wast coir substrate. Therefore, coir substrate generally wasted after being used for one time was reuseable by supplying organic fertilizer.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2007

Precocious metamorphosis was induced in two popular bivoltine breeds i.e. YB and $NB_4D_2$ by an imidazole compound having anti-juvenile hormone activity. The chemical was administered by feeding treatment with mulberry leaf to freshly moulted (0-6 hrs) IV instar larvae. The dose of the chemical was found to be breed specific being 650 ppm for YB and 500 ppm for $NB_4D_2$. The chemical caused complete skipping up of the fifth instar larvae which is most susceptible to diseases. But IV instar was somewhat prolonged. As a result the total larval period was reduced by 4-5 days. However, some of the rearing and reeling parameters like cocoon yield, cocoon weight, shell weight, shell %, filament length and fecundity were reduced for that particular generation only. The effective rate of rearing (ERR %) was significantly increased in trimoulters during the most unfavourable August - September seed crop season. Number of cocoons / kg and number of male moth were significantly higher in trimoulters. These may be useful for preparation of $multi{\times}bi$ hybrid seed. Fine denier was also found in trimoulter cocoon which is the cause of getting fine silk filament from trimoulter cocoons. Normal mating behaviour and emergence pattern was recorded in trimoulters. Bivoltine trimoulter males also showed competence for mating with multivoltine females. These results suggest the possibility of getting trimoulter males during hot and humid seasons when rearing of bivoltine is almost impossible particularly in Eastern and North Eastern India.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.38-49
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• 2013

Prohexadione-calcium (Pro-Ca), ethephon and transient water stress were evaluated in a factorial design, as potential inhibitors of early-season shoot growth of high density orchard management of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees. In the experiment, water stress was imposed to one-half of the 7-year-old 'Golden Delicious'/M.9 apple trees in each of 5 blocks, by stopping irrigation for 3 weeks between 35 and 56 days after full bloom (AFB). Within each whole unit, the following Pro-Ca and ethephon treatments were randomly allocated at $2{\times}2$ factorial: a) 0 or 250 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ a.i. Pro-Ca applied at 28 days AFB and b) 0 or 300 $mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ a.i. ethephon applied twice (35 and 71 days AFB). All trees were hand thinned to king flowers prior to treatments. Vegetative shoot growth was markedly reduced by Pro-Ca, with its effect being obvious within 14 days after application, while ethephon and water stress treatments were less effective. Pro-Ca had no effect on fruit set and yield but slightly increased fruit size. Ethephon substantially reduced the fruit size and yield but had no effect on fruit set. Water stress reduced fruit set, fruit size and yield. With regard to fruit quality, Pro-Ca did not influence fruit shape, flesh firmness and soluble solids contents (SSC) but slightly reduced titratable acidity. Ethephon had no effect on fruit shape but increased firmness, SSC and acidity, while water stress did not influence these fruit quality attributes. Dry weight of dormant spur buds was reduced by both Pro-Ca and water stress, while increased by ethephon. The larger dormant buds led to the larger spur flowers at the tight cluster stage the following spring. Return flowering was promoted only by ethephon, especially on previous season's shoots. There were no significant interactions between Pro-Ca and ethephon or water stress on most variables observed in this study.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.205-216
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• 2002

본 실험은 정식 후 단일처리전 장일처리 기간에 따른 온실재배 스프레이 절화국 (cv. Reagan Improved)의 생육 및 건물생산에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 네덜란드 Wageningen 대학의 유리온실 실험포에서 수행하였다. 정식에서 개화기까지 3주 장일처리구에서는 84일이었고, 2주 처리구에서는 77일, 1주 처리구에서는 70일,단일처리 후에 최종수확일까지는 63일이 소요되었다. 정식 후 초장 생장량은 3주 장일처리구에서 가장 높았고, 1주 장일처리구에서 가장 낮았다. 또한 정식 후 최종 엽수, 엽면적 확보량 및 엽생체중과 총식물생체중은 3주 장일처리구에서 높고, 1주 장일처리구에서 낮은 결과를 나타내었다. 반면.단일처리 후 절대생장율에 있어서 엽전개속도와 초장생장속도는 모든 처리구에서 동일한 반응을 보였다. 최종건물생산량 (g.m$^{-2}$ )은 3주 장일처리구에서 높고, 1주 장일처리구에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 초장과 생체중은 장일 조건이 길수록 높게 나타났으며,누적 건물중도 3주 장일처리구에서 가장 높은 결과를 나타냈다.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1989

1986년(年)에 전국적(全國的)으로 수집(蒐集)한 피 [E. crus-galli(L.) Beauv.]를 '87년(年)에 2회(回)에 걸쳐 증식(增殖) 및 선발(選拔)하였으며, 선정(選定)된 강피 6종(種)과 피 17종(種)을 '88년(年)에 공시(供試)하였다. 시험(試驗)은 PE film house 내(內)의 1/5000a의 Wagner pot에 의하여 수행(遂行)되었으며, 피 수집종(蒐集種짧)에 대한 잡초(雜草)로서의 생태적(生態的) 특성(特性)을 파악(把握)할 목적(目的)으로 이루어졌다. (1) 초형관련형질(草型關聯形質) 가운데서도 초장(草長), 최고분얼수(最高分蘖數), 입형(立型), 간장(稈長) 및 수형(穗型)의 차이(差異)에 의하여 5개군(個群)으로의 분류(分類)가 가능(可能)하였다. (2) 종(種) 식별형질(識別形質) 가운데서는 색깔 유무(有無), 제(第) 1 포영형태(苞潁形態), 입상(立狀) 등에 의하여 3 집단군(集團群)과 2 단독군(單獨群)의 분류(分類)가 되었다. (3) 신장관련형질(伸長關聯形質) 가운데서는 초장(草長), 간장(稈長), 수장(穗長), 엽장(葉長), 엽폭(葉幅), 절간장(節間長) 및 소수장(小穗長)의 차이(差異)에 의하여 4 개(個) 집단군(集團群)으로 종(種) 특이성(特異性)을 구분(區分)할 수 있었다. (4) 생장량형질(生長量形質) 가운데서는 초장(草長), 간장(稈長), 수장(穗長), 절간장(節間長), 엽초장, 분얼수(分蘖數), 수수(穗數), 소수장(小穗長), 제(第) 1 포영장(苞潁長), 과장(果長) 및 과중(果重)의 차이(差異)에 의하여 4개(個) 집단군(集團群)과 1개(個) 단독군(單獨群)으로의 분류(分類)가 되었다. (5) 생장속도관련형질(生長速度關聯形質) 중(中)에서는 일당(日當)의 초장신장속도(草長伸長速度)(유묘(幼苗) 및 성묘(成苗)), 건물중증가속도(乾物重增加速度), 분얼수증가속도(分蘖數增加速度) 및 초장대건중비(草長對乾重比)의 차이(差異)에 의하여 4개(個) 집단군(集團群)과 1개(個) 단독군(單獨群)으로 분류(分類)될 수 있었다. (6) 유묘생장관련형질(幼苗生長關聯形質) 가운데서는 치묘(稚苗)의 제(第) 1 엽장폭(葉長幅), 초장(草長), 분얼수(分蘖數), 건물중(乾物重)과 중묘(中苗)힘의 초장(草長) 및 분얼수(分蘖數)에 의하여 4개(個)의 특이유형집단분류(特異類型集團分類)가 가능(可能)하였다. (7) 파종기(播種期) 차이(差異)에 따라 출수기(出穗期)가 달라지므로써 어느 경우에나 빠른 감온성군(感溫性群)과 늦고 일정(一定)한 감광성군(感光性群) 및 중간현군(中間型群)의 구별(區別)이 가능(可能)하였다. (8) 양적(量的) 및 질적형질(質的形質)의 종합분석결과(綜合分析結果), 종적생장(縱的生長)이나 횡적생장습성(橫的生長習性), 체색유뮤(體色有無) 및 잎형(立型)에 의하여 4개(個)의 집단군(集團群)과 2개(個)의 단독군(單獨群)으로 분류(分類)가 되었다.