• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1999.05a
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• pp.369-369
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• 1999

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.465-470
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• 1994

This study was undertaken to measure the activity of myeloperoxidase and leukocyte peroxidase of hen. 70 hens were decapitated to observe the activity of enzymes according to ages. The activity of peroxidase by the Lowry's method with bovine serum albumin as standard. Gel filtration chromatography was carried out of sephacryl S-300 column. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. The mean of specific activity of myeloperoxidase and leukocyte peroxidase was 16.80(units/mg) and 15(units/mg), respectively. 2. The specific activity of myeloperoxidase in 35 days hen was significantly increased and showed almost the same level of activity to 350 days hen. 3. The specific activity of leukocyte peroxidase in 35 days hen was significantly increased and showed a little increased tendency from 210 days to 350 days hen. 4. On the sephacryl S-300 column chromatography, two separated peaks of myeloperoxidase activity were observed. The molecular weights of myeloperoxidase were 57,000 dalton and 13,700 dalton.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-60
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• 1995

The distribution of economic activity over a mutually exclusive and exhaustive categorical industry-region matrix is modeled as a composition of two random components: the probability-like share distribution of jobs and the dynamic evolution of absolute aggregates. The former describes the individual activity location choice by comparing the predicted profitability of the current industry-region pair against that of all other alternatives based on the available information on industry-specific, region specific, or activity specific attributes. The latter describes the time evolution of macro-level aggregates using a dynamic reduced from model. With the seperation of micro choice behavior and macro dynamic aggregate constraint, the usual independence and identicality assumptions become consistent with the activity share distribution, hence multi-regional industrial migration can be represented by a set of probability evolution equations in a conservative Markovian from. We call this a Micro-Macro Composition Approach since the product of the aggregate prediction and the predicted activity share distribution gives the predicted activity distribution gives the predicted activity distribution which explicitly considers the underlying individual choice behavior. The model can be applied to interesting practical problems such as the plant location choice of multinational enterprise, the government industrial ploicy to attract international firms, and the optimal tax-transfer mix to influence activity location choice. We consider the latter as an example.

• BMB Reports
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.254-257
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• 1998

The gshI gene from the Escherichia coli K-12 strain codes for ${\gamma}-glutamylcysteine$ synthetase which mediates the rate-limiting step of glutathione biosynthesis. The isolated gshI gene from E. coli K-12 has an unusual translation initiation codon, UUG. The 494th amino acid is Ala rather than Gly which was found in a mutant strain E. coli B. In order to improve the translational rate of the gshI gene of E. coli K-12, the initiation codon, UUG, was changed to the usual AUG codon by the site-specific mutagenesis. This change has resulted in a 53% increase of ${\gamma}-glutamylcysteine$ synthetase activity. The enzyme activity was also improved by replacing $Ala^{494}$ with Val (A494V) or Leu (A494L). The replacement of $Ser^{495}$ with Thr (S495T) also resulted in a 62% increase of the enzyme activity. Therefore, the specific activity of ${\gamma}-glutamylcysteine$ synthetase was increased with the increasing chain length of the aliphathic amino acid at the site of the 494th amino acid (Ala<$Val{\leq}Leu$).

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.28 no.7
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• pp.629-637
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-salinity wastewater on the microbial activity of Aerobic Granule Sludge (AGS). Laboratory-scale experiments were performed using a sequencing batch reactor, and the Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), nitrogen removal efficiency, sludge precipitability, and microbial activity were evaluated under various salinity injection. The COD removal efficiency was found to decrease gradually to 3.0% salinity injection, and it tended to recover slightly from 4.0%. The specific nitrification rate was 0.043 - 0.139 mg $NH_4{^+}-N/mg$ $MLVSS{\cdot}day$. The specific denitrification rate was 0.069 - 0.108 mg $NO_3{^-}-N/mg$ $MLVSS{\cdot}day$. The sludge volume index ($SVI_{30}$) ultimately decreased to 46 mL/g. The specific oxygen uptake rate decreased from an initial value 120.3 to a final value 70.7 mg $O_2/g$ $MLVSS{\cdot}hr$. Therefore, salinity injection affects the activity of AGS, causing degradation of the COD and nitrogen removal efficiency. It can be used as an indicator to objectively determine the effect of salinity on microbial activity.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.207-212
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• 2012

The shortage of human organs for transplantation has induced the research on the possibility of using animal as porcine. However, pig to human transplantation as known as xeno-transplantation has major problem as immunorejection. Recently, the solutions of pig to human xenotransplantation are commonly mentioned as having a genetically modification which include alpha 1, 3 galatosyl transferase knockout (GTKO) and immune-suppressing gene transgenic model. Unfortunately, the expression level of transgenic gene is very low activity. Therefore, development of gene overexpression system is the most urgent issue. Also, the tissue specific overexpression system is very important. Because most blood vessels are endothelial cells, establishment of the endothelial-specific promoter is attractive candidates for the introduction of suppressing immunorejection. In this study, we focus the ICAM2 promoter which has endothelial-specific regulatory region. To detect the regulatory region of ICAM2 promoter, we cloned 3.7 kb size mini-pig ICAM2 promoter. We conduct serial deletion of 5' flanking region of mini-pig ICAM2 promoter then selected promoter size as 1 kb, 1.5 kb, 2 kb, 2.5 kb, and 3 kb. To analyze promoter activity, luciferase assay system was conducted among these vectors and compare endothelial activity with epithelial cells. The reporter gene assay revealed that ICAM2 promoter has critical activity in endothelial cells (CPAE) and 1 kb size of ICAM2 promoter activity was significantly increased. Taken together, our studies suggest that mini-pig ICMA2 promoter is endothelial cell specific overexpression promoter and among above all size of promoters, 1 kb size promoter is optimal candidate to overcome the vascular immunorejection in pig to human xenotransplantation.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.199-211
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• 2021

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), produced by the endometrial cups of the placenta after the first trimester, is a specific glycoprotein that displays dual luteinizing hormone (LH)-like and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-like effects in non-equid species. However, in equidaes, eCG exhibits only LH-like activity. To identify the specific biological functions of glycosylated sites in eCG, we constructed the following site mutants of N- and O-linked glycosylation: eCGβ/αΔ56, substitution of α-subunit⁵⁶ N-linked glycosylation site; eCGβ-D/α, deletion of the O-linked glycosylation sites at the β-subunit, and eCGβ-D/αΔ56, double mutant. We produced recombinant eCG (rec-eCG) proteins in Chinese hamster ovary suspension (CHO-S) cells. We examined the biological activity of rec-eCG proteins in CHO-K1 cells expressing the eLH/CG receptor and found that signal transduction activities of deglycosylated mutants remarkably decreased. The EC₅₀ levels of eCGβ/αΔ56, eCGβ-D/α, and eCGβ-D/αΔ56 mutants decreased by 2.1-, 5.6-, and 3.4-fold, respectively, compared to that of wild-type eCG. The Rmax values of the mutants were 56%-80% those of wild-type eCG (141.9 nmol/10⁴ cells). Our results indicate that the biological activity of eCG is greatly affected by the removal of N- and O-linked glycosylation sites in cells expressing eLH/CGR. These results provide important information on rec-eCG in the regulation of specific glycosylation sites and improve our understanding of the specific biological activity of rec-eCG glycosylation sites in equidaes.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.209-214
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• 2004

Effects of Korean mistletoe, Viscum album coloratum on the non-specific immune responses of Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus were examined. Flounder were inoculated with mistletoe, Freunds complete adjuvant (FCA), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) as a control into their peritoneal cavities. Reactive oxygen intermediate (ROI) products were more enhanced in mistletoe-injected fish kidney phagocytes than in FCA-injected ones. The level of lysozyme activity detected in the serum of fish 4 d after injection with mistletoe was also significantly higher than that found in the serum of the control fish. The appropriate concentration of mistletoe in eliciting the highest level of serum lysozyme activity was 500 $\mu$m/300 g of fish. In phagocytic activity assays, mistletoe-sen-sitized flounder kidney phagocytes captured more yeasts than those of the control fish. Korean mistletoe appeared to be a good activator of the non-specific immune responses of Japanese flounder.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 1997

Two commercially available lipases, Lipase OF (non-specific lipase from Candida rugosa) and Lipolase 100T (1, 3-specific lipase from Aspergillus niger), were immobilized on insoluble hydrophobic support HDPE (high density polyethylene) by the physical adsorption method. Hydrolysis performance was enhanced by mixing a non-specific Lipase OF and a 1, 3-specific Lipolase 100T at a 2 : 1 ratio. The results also showed that the immobilized lipase maintained its activity at broader temperature ($25~55^{\circ}C$) and pH (4-8) ranges than soluble lipases. In the presence of organic solvent (isooctane), the immobilized lipase retained most of its activity in upto 12 runs of hydrolysis experiment. However, without organic solvent in the reaction mixture, the immobilized lipase maintained most of its activity even after 20 runs of hydrolysis experiment.

• BMB Reports
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 1997

Heptocvte-specific expression induced by Hepatitis B virus (HBV) enhancer 2-core gene promoter was examined in various hepatocyte and non-hepatocyte cell lines. using non-viral and retroviral vector systems in which chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) is used as a reporter. The non-viral plasmid containing the HBV enhancer 2-core promoter exhibited 22 and 66% of CAT activities in hepatoma cell lines. HepG2 and Hep3B, respectively when compared with CAT activity expressed by CMV promoter. The CAT activities, however. were found to be marginal in other tested hepatoma cell lines as well as mouse primary hepatocytes and non-hepatocytes. The HBV enhancer 2 located upstream the CMV promoter did not affect the CMV promoter activity nor provided hepatocyte-specific expression. Transfection of retroviral plasmid DNA containing the HBV enhancer 2-core promoter as an internal promoter exhibited high and specific CAT expression in HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines but the activity value was 5 to 10 fold lower than the non-viral plasmid with identical promoter. These results suggest that the usage of HBV enhancer 2-core promoter for liver specific expression is limited to certain vectors and hepatocyte cell lines.