• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-66
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• 1980

Two strains S-P and S-P-2, both Streptomyces sp., have been isolated and were found to have relatively high specific enzyme activity compared to other organisms reported. The specific activity of the enzyme produced from these two strains were 0.25 and 0.2 international units respectively. The productivity of the enzyme achieved was about 50 IU/l/hr. Glucose isomerase form these strains was found to be stable under the temperature of heat treatment (at $65^{\circ}C$) for fixation of enzyme inside the dell. This organism has an advantage in that it did not require toxic metalic ion for enzyme activity and could utilize xylan in leu of xylose as an inducer. The optimal temperature and pH of enzymatic reaction purpose of using these data for the optimal operation and designing of enzyme reactor system. The reaction mechanism was found to follow the single substrate reversible reaction kinetics. The kinetic constants determined experimentally are : $K_{mf}=0.33M,\;K_{mb}=1.0M,\;V_{mf}=0.88{\mu}mole\;per\;min.,\;V_{mb}= 2.96{\mu}mole\;per\;min.\;and\;K_{eq}=0.74.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.230-231
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• 2004

The mycelia of Sparassis crispa DSMZ 5201 were cultivated at $24^{\circ}C$ for 15 days in yeast-malt extract-glucose broth (pH 4.0) and the filtrate was used as crude enzyme solution to determined the extracellular enzyme activity. The specific activity of $\alpha$-amylase was 44.27 unit/protein. The specific activities of protease, CMCase, $\beta$-glucosidase, chitinase, exo-$\beta$-l,4-glucanase were relatively high. However, a very little activity of xylanase was found.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.203-210
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• 1996

The activities of the antioxidative enzymes in the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata have been compared depending on the cultivated environments - wildness, cultivate paddy fields and cultivate dry fields - and the parts of the root. In the Codonopsis lanceolata raised in cultivate paddy fields, the activity of SOD was higher in 2 yrs old than 1 yr old, but the activity in 1 yr old was higher than in 2 yrs old for the plants raised in the cultivate dry fields. The specific activity of SOD in wildness plants 86.069unit/mg protein was the highest among plants studied. The tissue distribution of the SOD activity showed differences depending on the enviroment. The highest activity of SOD was shown in the upper part of the root for the cultivate paddy fields, the loewr parts for the cultivate dry fields and middle parts for the wildness. The specific activity of POD was increased with ages of the plants, and that in the wildness was the highest 68 unit/mg protein among the plants studied. The activity of POD in the parts of the roots was shown as middle>lower>upper. The activity of POD in the middle part of the root, rasied in Soebick province was 85 unit/mg protein. The specific activity of CAT was decreased with ages of the plants. The activities of wildness and cultivate paddy fields was similar, but that in cultivate dry fields was lower than others. The tissue distribution in the parts of the roots was upper>lower>middle. The activity of CAT middle part of rasied in the Sebuck area was 5.359 unit/mg protein. The activities antioxidative in the cells cultured in MSID(Murashige and Skoog +2.4-D 1mg/$\iota$) was followings: 1564 for CAT. 30 for POD and 22200 unit/mg protein for SOD. These figures were lower than that in in vivo.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.837-843
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• 2010

This research investigated classification of clay activity degree by different clay mineral components. Based on compositions of different clay and oxide minerals within 390 soil series in Korea, 7 soils were selected to analyze for CEC and specific surface area of clay minerals. As a result, soils were mainly composed with Chlorite originated from sandstone, Smectite originated from Andesite porphyry and combination of Allophane and Ferrihydrite originated from volcanic ash, if the ratio of CEC value to clay content (degree of clay activity) was greater than 0.7. If the degree of clay activity was ranged between 0.3 and 0.7, soils were composed mainly with Kaolin originated from anorthite. Soils with this ratio also was composted with combinations of Kaolin, Illite and Vermiculite originated with river deposits. When the degree of the activity was less than 0.3, soils were commonly red-yellowish color and composed with two different minerals. One type of composition was Kaolin originated from granite and granite gneiss and the soils contained Geothite and Hematite. The other type was composited mainly with Illite and Vermiculite minerals originated from granite. These soils contained Gibbsite, Geothite and Hematite. The degree of clay activity was highly related with CEC and specific surface area. The greater degree of the activity displayed greater values of clay CEC and specific surface area. It is not easy to measure actual quantity and compositions of clay minerals, while the degree of clay activity can be measured from routine soil analyses. As a conclusion, the degree of clay activity may be not just a simple but also powerful tool to estimate physical-chemical properties of soils and to evaluate the soil classification in Korean soils.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.55-65
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• 2004

A thiol-specific antioxidant(TSA) protein was purified from Earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris by DEAE-Cellulose, Phenl sepharose, Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration and HPLC S-300 Column Chromatography. This protein showed a thiol-specific antioxidant activity against inactivation of glutamine synthetase by a metal-catalysed oxidation system capable of generation reaction oxygen species. The molecular mass of the protein was determinated to be 51-kDa by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophores. Taken together, the purified TSA protein could be a new member of TSA family.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 1996

A one-stage, continuous-flow bioreactor with both immobilized and suspended cells was used to investigate the roles of lipid supplements in ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The reactor performance and the level of alcohol dehydrogenase(ADH) activities of the suspended cells, grown under various conditions, were measured. When ergosterol and/or oleic acid were added with surfactants to the yeast culture grown under non-aerated conditions, remarkable increases in ethanol production and cell growth was achieved, but specific ADH activities were not affected. Especially, no difference of specific ADH activities of the suspended cells grown under aerated and non-aerated condition was observed. The addition of the surfactant as a supplement also resulted in significant increases in ethanol production, cell growth, and specific ADH activity. When ergosterol and oleic acid were added to the yeast culture exposed to higher ethanol concentration($>40\;g/{\ell}$) level, ethanol production, cell growth, and specific ADH activity were increased, but the addition of surfactant was as effective as at lower ethanol concentration level. The results indicated that lipid supplements were more effective at higher ethanol concentration level than at lower ethanol concentration level during ethanol production. ADH isozyme patterns of the yeast cultures grown under various conditions on starch gel electrophoresis showed only one major band, probably ADH I. The migrating distance of the major isozyme, however, varied slightly according to the culture conditions of the cells. No apparent correlation was found between specific ADH activity and amount of ethanol produced. Cell mass was more important factor for ethanol production than specific ADH activity of the cells.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Poultry Science Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.53-59
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• 2005

Sequences of candidate chicken testis-specific genes were analyzed in order to develop a resource for functional genomic studies of the testis and male germ cells. Tentative consensus sequences (TCs) containing ESTs expressed in testis libraries only were selected from the TIGR Gallus gallus Gene Index, resulting in a total of 292 TCs. The transcriptional expression of these genes were evaluated in a variety of chicken tissues, including testis and ovary, Of the panel of 292 TCs, 110 were expressed in a testis-specific manner. The correlation between the number of ESTs assembled into each TC and the number of testis-specific TCs was not significant. Annotation of the TCs using the Gene Ontology database terms showed that the proportion of testis-specific TCs that were classified as having catalytic activity (within the Molecular Function branch) was larger than the proportion of total chicken TCs classified in the same way. Our results might facilitate the investigation of testis-specific genes and their functional analysis in the chicken as well as in other avian species.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.10
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• pp.3756-3759
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• 2011

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.160-168
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• 2000

A-factor I a microbial hormone that can positively control cell differentiation leading to spore formation and secondary metabolite formation in Streptomyces griseus. to identify a protease that is deeply involved in the morphological and physiological differentiation of Streptomyces, the proteases produced by Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350 and its A-factor deficient mutant strain, Streptomyces griseus HH1, as well as Streptomyces griseus HH1 transformed with the afsA gene were sturdied. In general Streptomyces griseus showed a higher degree of cell growth and protease activity in proportion to its ability to produce a higher amount of A-factor. In particular, the specific activity of the trypsin of Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350 was greatly enhanced more than twice compared with that of Streptomyces griseus HH1 in the later stage of growth. The specific activity of the metalloprotease of Streptomyces griseus HH1 was greatly enhanced more than twice compared with that of Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350, and this observation was reversed in the presence of thiostreptione, However, Streptomyces griseus HH1 transformed with the afsA gene showed a significantly decreased level of trypsin and metalloprotease activity compared with that of the HH1 strain. There was no significant difference between Streptomyces griseus IFO 13350 and HH1 strain in their chymotrypsin and thiol protease activity, yet the level of leu-amionpeptidase activity was 2 times higher in Streptomyces griseus HH1 than in strain IFO 13350 . Streptomyces griseus HH1 harboring afsA showed a similar level of enzyme activity , however, all the three protease activities sharply increased and the thiol protease activity was critically increased at the end of the fermentation. When a serine protease inhibitor, pefabloc SC, and metalloprotease inhibitor, EDTA, were applied to strain IFO 13350 to examine the in vivo effects of the protease inhibitors on the morpholofical differentiation, the formation of aerial meycelium and spores was delayed by two or three days.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.121-129
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• 2007

Responses of antioxidant enzymes on chilling and drought stress in tomato seedlings were investigated. Growing patterns of tomato based on fresh weight of tomato seedlings were severely affected by chilling and drought stress. Fresh weight of tomato seedlings were reduced by 69.5% in chilling stress and 50.6% in drought stress compared to those in the unstressed control seedlings after 12 days of stress. The specific and gel activity of SOD and POD in the leaves, shoots, and roots of tomato seedlings were significantly increased by chilling and drought stress. Activation of SOD and POD activity by chilling stress were higher in the roots than those of drought stress. However, activation of SOD and POD activity by drought stress were higher in the leaves and shoots than those of chilling stress. The specific and gel activity of GR in the leaves, shoots, and roots of tomato seedlings were also significantly increased by chilling and drought stress. When the seedlings were treated with chilling or drought stress, one GR isozyme band (GR-3) was newly expressed in the leaves of tomato seedlings. The specific and gel activity of PPO was significantly increased in the roots and shoots of tomato seedlings by chilling and drought stress, respectively. However, the specific and gel activity of PPO in the leaves is no difference between stressed and controlled tomato seedlings.