• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.263-266
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• 2007

Vibrio vulnificusis a causative agent of serious diseases in humans resulting from the contact of wound with seawater or consumption of raw seafood. Several studies aimed at detecting V. vulnificus have targeted vvh as a representative virulence toxin gene belonging to the bacterium. In this study, we targeted the rpoS gene, a general stress regulator, to detect V. vulnificus. PCR specificity was identified by amplification of 8 V. vulnificus templates and by the loss of a PCR product with 36 non-V. vulnificus strains. The PCR assay had the 273-bp fragment and the sensitivity of 10 pg DNA from V. vulnificus. SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR assay targeting the rpoS gene showed a melting temperature of approximately $84^{\circ}C$ for V. vulnificus strains. The minimum level of detection by real-time PCR was 2 pg of purified genomic DNA, or $10^3$ V. vulnificus cells from pure cultured broth and $10^3$ cells in 1g of oyster tissue homogenates. These data indicate that real-time PCR is a sensitive, species-specific, and rapid method for detecting this bacterium using the rpoS gene in pure cultures and in infected oyster tissues.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.105-108
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• 2000

Oligonucleotide primers amplifying a 344 bp fragment on the integrin-like protein alpha-INT1p gene (${\alpha}$INT1) of Candida albicans were synthesized for screenign of C. albicans from clinicalsamples by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The PCR specifically amplified DNA from C. albicans and none from any other Candida, fungal, or human DNA in standard used here. The PCR assay showed that the primers (LH1 and LH2) were specific for 26 isolates of C. albicans from clinical smaples, whereas the positive fragment, 344 bp, was not amplified from 15 clinical isolates including 14 other medically important Candida species and an isolate of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. PCR was conducted on the urine samples of 20 patients and 4 samples were C. albicans positive. The detection limit of the PCR assay for C. albicans was shown to be approximately 10 cells/ml saline. The PCR system using 344 bp ${\alpha}$INT1 as a target is more specific and rapid than the conventional culture method, and the sensitive detection method is applicable to clinical diagnosis of C. albicans infections.

• Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.163-170
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• 2008

The detection, characterization and use of quantitative traits loci, QTL, have significant potential to improve the efficiency of selective breeding of species. Therefore, a population with 59 advanced backcross lines($BC_2F_5$), derived from a cross between IR64 and Tarome molaei, were studied in Tonekabon Rice Research Station of Iran in order to map QTLs for panicle length, number of grain per panicle, and panicle grain sterility in rice. The parental screening wtih 235 SSR markers in agarose and polyacrylamide gels revealed 114 markers with clear polymorphic bands. To search for QTLs associated with panicle length, number of grain per panicle, and panicle grain sterility, we constructed a genetic linkage map using 114 microsatellite markers. Positive and negative transgressive segregations were observed in $BC_2F_5$ lines for all traits. Using multiple interval mapping(MIM), a total of 20 putative QTLs were detected, of which eight were for panicle length, three for number of grains, and nine for panicle grain sterility. The maximum number of QTLs were mapped on chromosomes 1 and 2 with eight QTLs. These QTL markers could possible be utilized for marker-assisted selection.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.204-217
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• 2020

In nature, plants are always under the threat of pests and diseases. Pathogenic bacteria are one of the major pathogen types to cause diseases in diverse plants, resulting in negative effects on plant growth and crop yield. Chemical bactericides and antibiotics have been used as major approaches for controlling bacterial plant diseases in the field or greenhouse. However, the appearance of resistant bacteria to common antibiotics and bactericides as well as their potential negative effects on environment and human health demands bacteriologists to develop alternative control agents. Bacteriophages, the viruses that can infect and kill only target bacteria very specifically, have been demonstrated as potential agents, which may have no negative effects on environment and human health. Many bacteriophages have been isolated against diverse plant-pathogenic bacteria, and many studies have shown to efficiently manage the disease development in both controlled and open conditions such as greenhouse and field. Moreover, the specificity of bacteriophages to certain bacterial species has been applied to develop detection tools for the diagnosis of plant-pathogenic bacteria. In this paper, we summarize the promising results from greenhouse or field experiments with bacteriophages to manage diseases caused by plant-pathogenic bacteria. In addition, we summarize the usage of bacteriophages for the specific detection of plant-pathogenic bacteria.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.58 no.4
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• pp.445-450
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• 2020

Trombiculid "chigger" mites (Acari) are ectoparasites that feed blood on rodents and another animals. A crosssectional survey was conducted in 7 ecosystems of southern Vietnam from 2015 to 2016. Chigger mites were identified with morphological characteristics and assayed by polymerase chain reaction for detection of rickettsiaceae. Overall chigger infestation among rodents was 23.38%. The chigger index among infested rodents was 19.37 and a mean abundance of 4.61. A total of 2,770 chigger mites were identified belonging to 6 species, 3 genera, and 1 family, and pooled into 141 pools (10-20 chiggers per pool). Two pools (1.4%) of the chiggers were positive for Orientia tsutsugamushi. Ricketsia spp. was not detected in any pools of chiggers. Further studies are needed including a larger number and diverse hosts, and environmental factors to assess scrub typhus.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.85-94
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• 2021

A pig-specific real-time PCR assay based on the mitochondrial ND5 gene was developed to detect porcine material in food and other products. To optimize the performance of assay, seven commercial TaqMan master mixes and two real-time PCR platforms (Applied Biosystems StepOnePlus and Bio-rad CFX Connect) were used to evaluate the limit of detection (LOD) as well as the PCR efficiency and specificity. The LODs and PCR efficiencies for the seven master mixes on two platforms were 0.5-5 pg/reaction and 84.96%-108.80%, respectively. Additionally, non-specific amplifications of DNA from other animal samples (human, dog, cow, and chicken) were observed for four master mixes. These results imply that the sensitivity and specificity of a real-time PCR assay may vary depending on master mix and platform used. The best combination of master mix and real-time PCR platform can accurately detect 0.5 pg porcine DNA, with a PCR efficiency of 100.49%.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.1051-1065
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• 2021

Recent times have seen sustained increases in genetically modified (GM) crops not only for cultivation but also for the utility of food and feed worldwide. Domestically, commercial planting and the accidental or unintentional release of living modified (LM) crops into the environment are not approved. Many detection methods had been devised in an effort to realize effective management of the safety of agricultural genetic resources. In order to develop event-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) markers for LM crops, we analyzed the genetic information of LM crops. Genetic components introduced into crops are of key importance to provide a basis for the development of detection methods for LM crops. To this end, a total of 18 varieties from four major LM crop species (maize, canola, cotton, and soybeans) were subjected to an analysis. The genetic components included introduced genes, promoters, terminators and selection markers. Thus, if proper monitoring techniques and single or multiplex PCR strategies that rely on selection markers can be established, such an accomplishment can be regarded as a feasible solution for the safe management of staple crop resources.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.141-143
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• 2021

The Activity patterns of animal species are difficult to access and the behavior of freely moving individuals can not be assessed by direct observation. As it has become large challenge to understand the activity pattern of animals such as dogs, and cats etc. One approach for monitoring these behaviors is the continuous collection of data by human observers. Therefore, in this study we assess the activity patterns of dog using the wearable sensors data such as accelerometer and gyroscope. A wearable, sensor -based system is suitable for such ends, and it will be able to monitor the dogs in real-time. The basic purpose of this study was to develop a system that can detect the activities based on the accelerometer and gyroscope signals. Therefore, we purpose a method which is based on the data collected from 10 dogs, including different nine breeds of different sizes and ages, and both genders. We applied six different state-of-the-art classifiers such as Random forests (RF), Support vector machine (SVM), Gradient boosting machine (GBM), XGBoost, k-nearest neighbors (KNN), and Decision tree classifier, respectively. The Random Forest showed a good classification result. We achieved an accuracy 86.73% while the detecting the activity.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.37-47
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• 2024

Fluorescent bacteria were isolated from sporocarps that browned into various mushrooms during survey at places of the production in Korea. We examined the pathogenicity, biodiversity, and genetic characteristics of the 19 strains identified as Pseudomonas tolaasii by sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and White Line Assay. The results emphasize the importance of rpoB gene system, fatty acid profiles, specific and sensitive PCR assays, and lipopeptide detection for the identification of P. tolaasii. As a result of these various analyses, 17 strains (CHM03~CHM19) were identified as P. tolaasii. The phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene showed that all strains were clustered closest to P. tolaasii lineage, two strains (CHM01, CHM02) were not identified as P. tolaasii and have completely different genetic characteristics as a result of fatty acids profile, specific and sensitive PCR, lipopetide detection, rpoB sequence and REP-PCR analysis. Pathogenicity tests showed 17 strains produce severe brown discolouration symptoms to button mushrooms and watersoaking of sporophore tissue within three days after inoculation. But two strains did not produce discolouration symptoms. Therefore, these two strains will be further investigated for correct species identification by different biological and molecular characteristics.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.33-46
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• 1970

Pinus densiflora stands are common secondary forest communities on infertile soils in Korea. The stands are results of long severe past biotic pressure such as cutting, burning and grazing. These could be regarded as biotic climax in Korea. Because of their prevalent occurrence, relatively simple species and age composition, and their domestic economic importance, study of their distributional patterns may give some basic knowledge for better utilization of land resources in Korea. To detect distributional patterns and interspecific associations ten pine stands, each of which was homogenious with respect to topography and physiognomy, were subjectively selected from pine stands in Kyunggi Province near Seoul in 1969 and were made object of this study. Four contiguous systematic samples of count for trees, shrubs and seedlings from belt transects were collected from homogeneous areas within ten natural pine stands. The belt transect was 64m or 128m in length, and 1m, 2m or 4m in width. Basic units within the transect ranged from 64 to 256. The data from the contiguous transects were analysed in terms of multiple split-plot experiment. Departure from randomness of stem distribution, i.e., pattern, was tested in terms of variance mean ratio. For the detection of association between species, correlation coefficient was calculated for different block sizes. The values of ${\gamma}$ were tested by the usual t-test. Fine trees within one of the stands showed significant regular distribution through out the blocks. Within other eight stands pines were randomly distributed at basic unit with 4$\times$4m, 2$\times$2m, 2$\times$1m and 1$\times$1m. One significantly clumped distribution at basic unit 2$\times$2m, however, was observed from one of the pine stands. These randomly distributed groups were themselves significantly regularly distributed throughout the blocks for four pine stands. For the other four pine stands, in addition to the random distribution at the basie unit(the primary random group), randomly distributed groups with 32m dimension(the secondary random groups) were also observed. Both the primary and the secondary random groups were significantly regularly distributed at the rest of blocks. Pine seedlings were not distributed randomly thoughout the blocks. Within three of the ten stands they were contagiously distributed. Important shrub species underneath pines such as Querus serrata, Q. acutissima, Leapedeza intermedia, Rhododendron Yedoense var. poukhanenae, Juniperus utilis, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum shnwed consistently similar distributional pattern with the pine at each stand. The shrub species pairs; Rhododendron Yedoense var. poukhanenae/Quercus serrata, Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum/Lespedeza intermedia were significantly negatively associated from 1m to 4m dimensional block sizes but became significantly positively associated from 8m sized blocks on. On the other hand the shrub species pairs; Lespedeza intermedia/Robinia Pseudoacacia, and Lespedeza bicolor var, japonica/Lespedeza intermedia were also significnalty negatively associated from 1m to 8m sized blocks but became significantly positively associated from 16m sized blocks on. The associational pattern between Rhododendron mucronul tun var. poukhanenae and Lespedeza intermedia was not consistent throughout the stands. In some stands negative associations were observed throughout the blocks except NS 32. From these observatons micro-edaphic variation within the pine stands seems not to be great enough to cause distributinal difference of pine trees within the ten pine stands. Among each species and pine seedings, however, the edaphic variation within the pine stands may be great enought to cause distributional variation.