• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.135-144
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• 2010

This study intended to investigate environmental factors including soil and vegetation in order to understand the environmental and ecological characteristics of four different habitats of Abelia tyaihyoni. These habitats, according to investigations, are mostly located at elevations of 203 m to 297 m with angles of inclination ranging from 9 degrees to 17 degrees. The litter depth of habitats is 2 cm to 5 cm. A total of 113 vascular plant taxa are identified in seven quadrates of the four habitats. The life form of 113 species is H-$D_4$-$R_5$-e type. The importance value of Abelia tyaihyoni is 39.61%, and 4 highly ranked species such as Quercus dentata (6.27%), Spiraea blumei, Spiraea prunifolia for. simpliciflora (4.04%) and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica (3.84%) are considered to be an affinity with Abelia tyaihyoni in their habitats. The dominant species of woody plants in the four habitats are represented as Pinus densiflora (21.22%) and Quercus dentata (16.82%) in the subtree layer (T2), and Carex humilis var. nana (18.95%) and Carex lanceolata (17.63%) in the herbaceous layer (H). The degree of their average species diversity is 1.42, and that of dominance and evenness are 0.07 and 0.86, respectively. The type of soil is sandy loam, clay loam and loam, and the average field capacity of soil is 22.49%. Their average organic matter is 9.39%, soil pH 6.75, and available phosphorus is $1.23 {\mu}g/g$.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.254-263
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• 2009

The distribution and habitat characteristics of Echinosophora koreensis (Nakai) Nakai were investigated to compile basic data for conservation and restoration. The species Echinosophora koreensis is distributed within fourteen regions of the Korean Province of Gangwon, including Yanggu-gun, Inje-gun, Cheorwon-gun, Chuncheon-si and Hongcheon-gun. Natural habitats were located at altitudes of 192-626 m, with inclinations of $1-45^{\circ}$. One hundred and fifty seven vascular plant taxa were identified from 42 quadrats in 14 habitats. Dominant species among the woody plants, based on importance value, were Pinus densiflora and Quercus dentata in the tree (T1) layer, Quercus variabilis, Pinus densiflora and Quercus mongolica in subtree (T2) layer, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Prunus sargentii, Zanthoxylum schinifilium, and Ulmus davidiana var. japonica in the shrub (S) layer. Importance values for members of the herb layer were: Echinosophora koreensis 28.34%; Polygonatum odoratum var. pluriflorum 10.21%; Spodiopogon sibiricus 7.60%; Atractylodes ovata 4.77% and Carex lanceolata 4.13%. The importance values of the last four species were high, so they were at affinity with Echinosophora koreensis in their habitats. Average species diversity was 1.03, and evenness and dominance were found to be 0.82 and 0.16, respectively. The soil types were sandy loam and loam. Average field capacity was 13.28%, and the organic matter and soil pH were 6.70% and 5.77, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.24 no.7
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• pp.967-972
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• 2018

The genus Chattonella belonging to the class raphidophyceae, is a harmful algal bloom species. Recently, its occurrence has been increasing and expanding along the Korean coast. Species identification of the genus Chattonella only by morphological observation is difficult due to the lack of rigid cell walls. In this study, the morphological characteristics and genetic affinity of Chattonella sp. isolated from Deungnyang Bay in 2017 were examined. We carried out single-cell isolation from field samples then sequenced three different areas using the single-cell PCR method: 1) parts of ribosomal operon, the large subunit (LSU) of the rDNA, 2) the chloroplast-encoded subunit psaA of Photosystem I, and 3) rbcL encoding the large subunit of the Rubisco gene. The cells were morphologically very similar to the general genus Chattonella ($74.0{\pm}10.1{\mu}m$ in length, $33.1{\pm}3.6{\mu}m$ in width). The three partial gene sequences were insufficient to justify distinction at the species rank. However, they clustered at 99-100 % sequence similarity with C. marina, C. marina var. antiqua and C. marina var. ovata.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.90 no.3
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• pp.380-387
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• 2001

The characteristics of ecological niche, breadth and overlap, for seventeen major tree species were evaluated in the natural deciduous forest in Mt. Chumbong area. Employed by the plot sampling method, the environmental gradient for vertical niche was based on the intensity of light within the forest, and that for horizontal niche was based on multi-dimensional resources in distribution pattern. The result showed that Fraxinus rhynchophylla had the highest value of vertical niche breadth and Maackia amurensis had the lowest, and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum had the highest value of horizontal niche breadth and Betula costata had the lowest. There was no significant correlation between both measures of niche breadth. However, the tolerance index for each species was positively correlated to the values of niche breadth. Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were applied to test the correlationship between the species ranks of tolerance index and those of two ecological niche breadths. The coefficient of $r_s=0.432$ ($P{\leq}0.1$) was not enough to support significant correlationship between the tolerance index and vertical niche breadth at the 95% probability. If Carpinus cordata, rarely reach canopy of the forest due to its own growth form, are excluded from the analysis, coefficient was calculated as $r_s=0.650$ ($P{\leq}0.01$), resulting in highly significant correlationship. The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was $r_s=0.797$ ($P{\leq}0.01$) for tolerance indices and the values of horizontal niche breadth, indicating highly significant. Four distinctive species groups, produced by cluster analysis on the basis of ecological niche overlap for each pair of species, were in considerable accord with the positively associated species constellation pattern created by the inter-species association analysis.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.378-401
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• 2019

This study generated a list of plants in eight sections from the Baekdansa ticket office (874m) to Cheonjedan (1,560m) divided in the interval of 100m above sea level to examine the species diversity patterns and distribution changes of the vascular plants at different altitudes in Taebaeksan National Park. Four site surveys found a total of 385 taxa: 89 families, 240 genera, 345 species, 5 subspecies, 34 varieties, and 1 form. A result of analyzing the change of species diversity along elevational gradients showed that it decreased with increasing elevation and then increased from a certain section. A result of analyzing habitat affinity types showed that the proportion of forest species increased with increasing elevation. On the other hand, the ruderal species appeared at a high rate in the artificial interference section. A result of comparing the proportion of woody and herb plants showed that the woody plants gradually increased with elevation and rapidly decreased in the artificial interference section. On the other hand, the herb plants showed the opposite trend. A result of analyzing the change of distribution of species according to altitude with the DCA technique showed that the vascular plants were divided into three groups according to the elevation in order on the I axis with the boundaries at 900m and 1,300m above sea level. The arrangement of each stand from right to left along the altitude on the I axis with a significant correlation with warmth index (WI) confirmed that the temperature change along the altitude could affect the distribution of vascular plants, composition, and diversity. Therefore, the continuous monitoring is necessary to confirm ecological and environmental characteristics of vegetation, distribution ranges, changes of habitat. We expect that the results of this study will be used as the basic data for establishing the measurement measures related to the preservation of biodiversity and climate change.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.256-263
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• 2009

The lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) $A_4$ isozyme in skeletal muscle of mandrin fish (Siniperca scherzeri) was successfully purified by affinity chromatography and ultrafiltration. The molecular weight of the purified LDH $A_4$ isozyme was 140.4 kDa and its isoelectric point (pI) was 7.0. Optimal pH for enzymatic reaction was 7.5. ${K_m}^{PYR}$ and $V_{max}$ value of the purified LDH $A_4$ isozyme were $4.86{\times}10^{-5}$ M and 13.31 mM/min using pyruvate as a substrate, respectively. These kinetic properties of the purified LDH $A_4$ isozyme supported the fact that the mandrin fish was a warm-adapted species. The antibody against the purified LDH $A_4$ isozyme may be used in the metabolic physiological studies of ectothermic vertebrates and in the diagnosis of several human diseases.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.246-256
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• 2012

This study intended to investigate the distribution of natural habitats, and the environmental factors, vegetation and soil analysis at 22 different sites of 9 regions in order to understand the environmental characteristics of $Adoxa$ $moschatellina$ in Prov. Gangwon-do. Natural habitats are confirmed at 44 regions of 14 cities and counties except for Donghae-si, Sokcho-si, Gosung-gun and Yanggu-gun in Prov. Gangwon-do. Natural habitats were located at altitudes of 99-1,084 m with slope inclinations of $0-25^{\circ}$. A total of 215 vascular plant taxa are identified from 22 quadrates. Importance value for members of the herbaceous (H) layer were as follows: $Adoxa$ $moschatellina$ 32.8%; $Meehania$ $urticifolia$ 7.5%; $Cardamine$ $leucantha$ 5.1%; $Scopolia$ $japonica$ 3.8%; $Corydalis$ $remota$ 3.3%. The importance value of the last four species are high, so they are at affinity with $Adoxa$ $moschatellina$ in their habitats. Species diversity of investigated sites ranged 0.4870-0.9848, and that of evenness and dominance are 0.4525-0.7601 and 0.1335-0.4191, respectively. Cluster analysis based on importance value appeared the high relations with differences of dominance species. Field capacity of investigated sites ranged 4.29-38.45%, and the soil pH and organic matter were 4.61-5.98 and 2.44-20.21, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.439-446
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• 2009

This is a study intended to investigate the environmental factors including vegetation and soil in order to better understand the environmental and ecological characteristics of four different habitats of Pulsatilla tongkangensis(Mt. Baekun, Maha-ri, Kyulam-ri and Mt. Deokhang). These habitats, according to investigations, are mostly located on the slopes of mountains facing northwest at an altitude of 220m to 772m above sea level with angles of inclination ranging from 41 degree to 85 degree. A total of 27 vascular plant taxa are identified in ten quadrates of the four habitats. The importance value of these plants is as follows: Pulsatilla tongkangensis is 9.65%; Carex humilis var. nana 28.93%; Potentilla dickinsii 16.55%; Mukdenia rossii 7.09%; Peucedanum terebinthaceum and Eragrostis ferruginea 4.55%; and Vicia venosa var. albiflora 3.90%. The importance value of these six species is high, so they are at affinity with P. tongkangensis m their habitats. The degree of their average species diversity is 0.75, and that of dominance and evenness 0.24 and 0.85, respectively. Their average field capacity of soil is 19.05%, organic matter 10.51%, and soil pH is 7.43, which are similar among their habitats.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.64-78
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• 2015

The environmental characteristics of Astilboides tabularis were investigated to compile basic data for conservation and restoration. Natural habitats, according to investigations, were mostly located on the slopes of mountains facing north at an altitude of 432 m to 1,413 m above sea level with angles of inclination ranging from 16 degree to 49.5 degree. A total of 246 vascular plant taxa were identified from 12 quadrats in 11 habitats. The importance value of Astilboides tabularis is 20.40%, and 6 highly ranked species such as Dryopteris crassirhizoma (4.56%), Rodgersia podophylla (3.72%), Astilbe rubra (2.81%), Carex siderosticta (2.67%), Ainsliaea acerifolia (2.65%), and Meehania urticifolia (2.46%) are considered to be an affinity with Astilboides tabularis in their habitats. Average species diversity was 1.23, dominance and evenness were found to be 0.11 and 0.86, respectively. The litter depth above the soil surface was 2 to 10 cm, and soil depth was 20.8 to 67.5 cm. The soil texture of habitats were divided three types such as loam, silt loam, and sandy loam. The soil pH was 5.63 to 7.74, and the organic matter and nitrogen contents were ranged from 8.88 to 42.55%, and 1.40 to 6.58 mg/g, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.155-173
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• 2014

The habitats characteristics of Exochorda serratifolia were investigated to compile basic data for conservation and restoration. Natural habitats were located at an altitude of 1 m to 624 m above sea level with angles of inclination ranging from 2 degrees to 81 degrees. A total of 248 vascular plant taxa were identified from 37 quadrats in 16 habitats. The importance value of Exochorda serratifolia is 18.70%, and 5 highly ranked species such as Rhododendron mucronulatum (3.79%), Abelia tyaihyoni (3.27%), Euonymus alatus for. ciliatodentatus, Quercus mongolica (3.23%), and Indigofera kirilowii (2.97%) are considered to be an affinity with Exochorda serratifolia in their habitats. Species diversity was 1.03, dominance and evenness were found to be 0.15 and 0.85, respectively. Average field capacity was 24.19%, the organic matter was 8.21%, pH was 5.52, and available phosphorus was $7.71{\mu}g/g$. Correlation coefficients analysis based on environmental factors, vegetation, and soil analysis shows that the coverage of Exochorda serratifolia is correlated with field capacity and available phosphorus.