• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.83-95
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to examine intensity of pain and anxiety of burn patients. This study selected 99 adult patients of 18 years old or older who have been hospitalized and treated for a second-degree burn at the surgery ward or burn ward of 3 university hospitals which are located in 2 metropolitan cities, and a university hospital in Seoul Special City from July 1 to October 20, 2000. This study used STAI(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) developed by Spielberger, and translated by Kim, Jung Taek and Shin, Dong Kyun to examine the degree of anxiety and VAS to examine the pain. This study was carried out by interview and using SPSS 9.0 statistical program. Results were as follows : 1) As for general characteristics of the subjects, they were mostly male. 30s-40s, married, and high school graduates. 2) Forty-seven patients were burned by fire and $49.6\%$ of the patients had burn 10 to $20\%$ of BSA. seventy-nine percents of patients received one dressing change a day and $74.3\%$ received medication once or twice a day. 3) As for intensity of anxiety and pain. the mean intensity of pain was 6.41. The intensity of trait anxiety and the state anxiety were 39.76. and 51.81. 4) Subject's age was significantly different in their pain intensity and other variables were insignificant. Correlations between trait-anxiety and state-anxiety(r=.286, p=.004), and state-anxiety and VAS(r=.294, p=.003) showed weak correlation. There wasn't statistically any significance in trait- anxiety and VAS(r=.183, p=.070).

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.230-237
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• 2018

Purpose: In Korea, traffic information is collected in real time as part of Intelligent Transportation System to enhance efficiency of road operation. However, traffic information based on real-time data is different from the traffic situation the driver will experience. Method: In this study, forecasts were made for future highway traffic by day and time period by adjusting the Archived data reference days to 3, 5 and 10 days based on existing traffic Archived data. Results: Fewer days of reference in the past showed smaller errors. The prediction of Monday based on five past histories showed greater errors than the 10 past histories, as the traffic flow on the sixth Monday of 2016 was somewhat different from the usual holiday. Conclution: This study shows that less of the reference days of the past history when estimating traffic volume, the more accurate the data of the traffic history of the event can be used on special days.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.248-252
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• 2019

Objectives: The aim of the present work is evaluating the special effects of Urtica Dioica and Lamium Album on the serum level of K-Ras and GSK-3 beta in diabetic rats. Methods: In the present experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats randomly divided into 4 groups (Group I: normal control rats; receiving daily PBS, Group 2: diabetic control rats; receiving single dose of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and daily PBS, Group 3: Diabetic rats treated with 100 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of the U. dioica, Group 4: Diabetic rats treated with 100 mg/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of L. Album. Diabetes-induced by an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/ kg). On the 14 th day of treatment, the weight, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and on 28 th day blood glucose, K-Ras and GSK3 beta was measured. Results: In diabetic group blood GSK- 3 beta increase in comparison to control group (P < 0.05), also blood K-Ras decrease in the diabetic group (P < 0.05). Both extracts reduced GSK-3 beta level, however, this reduction was only statistically significant by U.dioica (P < 0.05). Compared to diabetic group, blood K-Ras level increased by both extract (P < 0.05). Also diabetes induction increase blood glucose levels and both extracts decrease its level significantly (P < 0.05).there is no significant differences among both extract effects on blood glucose, and K-Ras. Conclusion: For the first time shown that both extracts by regulating GSK-3 beta and K-Ras improve blood glucose level. More studies are needed to determine all the effects of these herbs.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.188-190
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• 1999

Background: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of gabapentin on postherpetic neuralgia. Gabapentin is a known anti-seizure medication, whose cellular mechanism of action is not well understood. Unlike other anticonvulsant, gabapentin has the advantage of a low toxicity and favorable side effect profile. If has been recently recommended for use in treatment of neuropathic pain. Methods: Twelve patients with a diagnosis of postherpetic neuralgia were prescribed gabapentin after failure of routine therapeutic regimens. The dose of gabapentin ranged 300~1800 mg per day, in three divided doses. If initial dose was ineffective and no side effects were noted, the dosages was increased by 300 mg a day in divided doses, to the maximum level for 2 weeks. Patients were evaluated for analgesia using visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score (0; no pain, 10; worst possible pain) and possible side effects. Results: A significant decrease in pain scores with gabapentin were noted. There were several mild side effects such as dizziness, somnolence, dry mouth, constipation and facial edema, without need of special treatment. Conclusions: Gabapentin may be a useful adjunct for treating intractable postherpetic neuralgia with a minimal side effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.281-292
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• 1988

It is aimed to survey the housewive's interest and understanding on the Korean traditional dishes in relation to the importance and the significance of those dishes in the Korean traditional folk ceremony. Questionnaires were distributed to and answered by 667 housewives ranging from the the mother of kindergarden children to the mother of seniors in the university. Some of the significant findings and speculations derived from the analysis of data are summarized as follows: 1. About 90% of subjects have taken the knowledge on cooking the traditional dishes from their mothers and their grandmothers. And they have had many opportunities to known about traditional dishes through the home life education. 2. The kinds of the Korean traditional dishes which are used often at the folk ceremony are Tto k(Korean rice cake), Shikhae (fermented rice fruits punch), Sujong Kwa (persimmon fruits punch), Whachae(flower, fruits punch) etc. 3. About two thirds of the subjects have a little knowledge about Korean traditional special menu for the Korean folk ceremony, however, most of them observe New York's Day, Chusuk (The Korean Tranks giving Day), Dongji (The winter solstice), and Deborum (The 15th of the January on lunar Calender). 4. About 74% of the subjects use Korean traditional foods when they have Korean traditional folk ceremony. But there is a tendency to use nontraditional dishes among young housewives. 5. More than 73% of the housewives agree to the idea that Korean traditional dishes have to be succeeded and developed. 6. Most of the housewives think the Korean traditional folk ceremony is important and they are willing to make Korean traditional foods on the occasions, but they also think the ceremony must be rather simplified.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.58-73
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• 2013

In China, the phenomenon called 'Korean Wave' has boosted the interest in Korean pop culture, such as TV drama, music and films, and even in the general culture and society. As Korean singers, movie actors and talents become popular beyond acceptance of public culture, those who learn Korean, buy Korean products and visit Korea have emerged. Especially, most Chinese women have used Korean hair cosmetics and the interests in Korean hair cosmetics are increasing, since cosmetic companies entered China early due to Korean wave. Thus, the status of purchase of Korean hair cosmetics is growing day by day in China. In particular, since the environment is established to buy hair cosmetics easily in Myeong-dong which is one of the shopping tourism special districts, many Chinese tourists are crowded there. Based on such phenomenon, this study explored the differences in perceptions towards 'Korean Wave' among Chinese tourists who purchased Korean hair cosmetics in Myeong-dong, and analyzed the factors that largely determine the interest in Korean hair cosmetics and their purchase behavior. Therefore, this study is aimed at contributing to the development of hair cosmetics products and the market amid Korean Wave. As the research methods, 100 answered questionnaires were collected with target of Chinese tourists at 20s and 40s who purchased Korean hair cosmetics in Myeong-dong once 120 questionnaires were distributed. In-depth analysis was conducted and final research data were used. It was confirmed that Korean fever positively affected the Chinese tourists' purchase behavior and satisfaction of hair cosmetics, and the interests in Korean hair cosmetics at 20s were higher than at 40s. People at 20s had higher awareness, satisfaction and intention of repurchase of hair cosmetics compared rather than people at 40s. The research confirmed that Chinese tourists are very interested in Korean hair cosmetics as the pop music craze has led to the general Korean Wave, and differences in such perceptions have led to significant differences in the product purchase behavior.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2003

Various efforts to combine new high-tech materials with solar system have been progressed nowadays in order to improve the performance of the existing passive solar system. TIM(Transparent Insulation Material) replacing the conventional outer building envelope glazing as well as the wall is good example for this trend. TI integrated wall is a thermal mass wall with a special shaped TIM instead of using typical envelope materials The tested TIM type is a small(diameter 4mm and thickness 50mm) capillary tube of Okalux model and cement brick(density 1500kg/m3). The purpose of this study was to analyze the thermal performance through the actual measurements performed in a test cell. This study was carried out to justify the following issues. 1) the impact of Tl-wall over the temperature variations 2) the impact of mass wall surface absorptance over the transient thermal behavior and 3) the impact of thermal mass wall thickness over the temperature variations. Finally, as results indicated that the peak time of room temperature was shifted about one hour early when absorptance of thermal mass wall changed from 60% to 95% for the 190mm thickness thermal mass wall test case. the temperature difference of both surfaces of thermal mass wall surface showed about $23^{\circ}C$ during a day of March for the 380mm thickness thermal mass wall case. However, the thermal mass wall was over-heated by outside temperature and solar radiation in a day of May the temperature difference of both surfaces of thermal mass wall surface was indicated $10^{\circ}C$ and inside temperature was observed more than average 22C.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.51-64
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• 2011

Gyeongoggo is first described in the Collected Prescription by Hong Family in the Song Dynasty in China. It is composed of Radix Rehmnniae, Panax ginseng, Poria cocos, and Mel. Its main efficacy is to treat weakness of primordial essence of body and dry cough, and to invigorate qi and replenish yin principle. It is one of the most important prescriptions that people have been using for a long time. We studied the documents recorded in the medical classics and comprehended the following results. Gyeongoggo has efficacy to keep a person healthy and live long age, to treat amnesia and dizziness from brain weakness, to strengthen muscle and bone by improving function of stomach and colon, to improve a person's memory and judgement, to invigorate brain weakness, and, to treat tuberculosis and lung cancer. The longer a person take it, the better it is for one's health and meditation. When it is made, it is important to mix four components up, to boil it with an oak tree for three days and nights, and then to add water from a well to reduce heat for a full day, and to boil up again for a full day to mature fully. As gyeongoggo is acquired not only by the full heart of a manufacturer but also the sympathy of nature, it is important to choose a clean place to make and keep. When it is taken, it is proper to take it with warm water or liquors. And when it is made, we came to know that it is possible to make gyeongoggo with special efficacy by adding one to three more components.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.74-81
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• 2020

Background: In the early stages of development, teeth and lingual papillae are induced and developed through special and complex epithelial-mesenchymal interactions. Tooth completion indicates the beginning of the weaning phase, and accordingly, many oral tissues and organs are completed, and it is thought that their developmental completion times are related to each other. The purpose of this study was to clarify the embryonic and neonatal development of the filiform papillae and mandibular molar tooth, and discuss the developmental relationship between these organs by comparing the developmental completion times. Methods: Embryos at embryonic day 15 (EM15), 17 (EM17), and 21 (EM21) and mice at neonatal day 1 (NE1), 5 (NE5), 10 (NE10), and 21 (NE21) were used for experimentation. Tissues dissected from embryos and mice were fixed, and processed for histological analysis. Sections from the tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for observation under a light microscope. Results: Based on the histological analysis results, the developmental process of the lingual epithelium covering the dorsal surface of the tongue was classified into three stages: initiation, morphogenesis, and functional. The development of the filiform papillae begins at EM17; undergoes rapid morphological changes in epithelial cells at EM21, PN1 and PN5, and reaches the functional stage at PN10, which is the sucking phase. Tooth development begins at EM13 or 15 and is completed at NE21 through prenatal and postnatal development. Conclusion: The development of the filiform papillae was initiated late and completed quickly through embryonic and neonatal development in comparison with the mandibular molar tooth. The filiform papillae are considered to play an important role in sucking rather than mastication as it is completed in the sucking phase.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 1982

To determine the optimum light intensity for growth of ginseng plants, change of temperature, moisture content in son, occurrence alternaria blight, defoliation rate, chlorophyll contents, and growth of shoots and roots were investigated under different light intensity such as 5%, 10%, 20% and 30% light transmittance rare(L.T.R.). The results obtained were as follows. 1. Maximum temperature under the shading was increased as the increase of light intensity, whereas soil moisture content decreased 2. As the increase of light intensity, stem and Peduncle length, leaf area, and chlorophyll contents decreased significantly but length and width of the leaf was not significant, while stem diameter, special leaf weight and chlorophyll a/chl. b ratio increased 3. Stem color was shown dark purp!e as the increase of light intensity. 4. Photosynthesis during the day was highest at 9 A.M. and decreased as time passed in all plots. The means of photouynthesis during the day showed in the order of 20%, 10%, 30%, 5% L.T.R., and optimum light intensity for highest photosxthesis was 18.4% L.T.R. by theoritical equation. 5. It was showed a tendency that alternaria leaf blight of ginseng plants was increased as the increase of light intensity. 6. Defoliation rate of ginseng plants was increased as the increase of light intensity, especially all plants were defoliated by late June without shading. 7. Yield percentage of the rear line was increased as the increase of light intensity. Root weight per plant showed in the order of 20%, 10%, 30%, 5% L.T.R., and optimum light intensity for the best yield was 18.5% L.T.R. by theeritical equation.