• 아동학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.53-70
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of task conditions (physical similarity between the spatial product and the reference space, presentation place of the spatial product) on children's spatial representation. The participants consisted of 40 3-year-olds and 40 4-year-olds. The results of this study are as follows. Both 3-year-olds and 4-year-olds were capable of a greater degree of spatial representation when there was a high level of physical similarity between the spatial product and the reference space, and when the presentation place of the spatial product was in the reference space. 4-year-olds were capable of more accurate spatial representation than 3-year-olds. There was no significant difference in the children's spatial representation depending on the type of spatial product (scale model, map). The results revealed that the physical similarity between the spatial product and the reference space and the presentation place of the spatial product are essential in young children's spatial representation. Additionally, the results indicated that spatial representation of children develops gradually from when they are three to when they turn four.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.393-404
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• 2005

As multi-source spatial data fusion mainly deal with various types of spatial data which are specific representations of real world with unequal reliability and incomplete knowledge, proper data representation and uncertainty analysis become more important. In relation to this problem, this paper presents and applies an advanced data representation methodology for different types of spatial data such as categorical and continuous data. To account for the uncertainties of both categorical data and continuous data, fuzzy boundary representation and smoothed kernel density estimation within a fuzzy logic framework are adopted, respectively. To investigate the effects of those data representation on final fusion results, a case study for landslide hazard mapping was carried out on multi-source spatial data sets from Jangheung, Korea. The case study results obtained from the proposed schemes were compared with the results obtained by traditional crisp boundary representation and categorized continuous data representation methods. From the case study results, the proposed scheme showed improved prediction rates than traditional methods and different representation setting resulted in the variation of prediction rates.

• Journal of Computing Science and Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.65-77
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• 2014

To address the problem of multi-target retrieval (MTR) of remote sensing images, this study proposes a new object-level feature representation model. The model provides an enhanced application image representation that improves the efficiency of MTR. Generating the model in our scheme includes processes, such as object-oriented image segmentation, feature parameter calculation, and symbolic image database construction. The proposed model uses the spatial representation method of the extended nine-direction lower-triangular (9DLT) matrix to combine spatial relationships among objects, and organizes the image features according to MPEG-7 standards. A similarity metric method is proposed that improves the precision of similarity retrieval. Our method provides a trade-off strategy that supports flexible matching on the target features, or the spatial relationship between the query target and the image database. We implement this retrieval framework on a dataset of remote sensing images. Experimental results show that the proposed model achieves competitive and high-retrieval precision.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.380-392
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• 2000

This paper proposes a qualitative reasoning approach for the spatial configuration of mechanisms that could be applied in the early phase of the conceptual design. The spatial configuration problem addressed in this paper involves the relative direction and position between the input and output motion, and the orientation of the constituent primitive mechanisms of a mechanism. The knowledge of spatial configuration of a primitive mechanism is represented in a matrix form called spatial configuration matrix. This matrix provides a compact and convenient representation scheme for the spatial knowledge, and facilitates the manipulation of the relevant spatial knowledge. Using this spatial knowledge of the constituent primitive mechanisms, the overall configuration of a mechanism is described and identified by a spatial configuration state matrix. This matrix is obtained by using a qualitative reasoning method based on sign algebra and is used to represent the qualitative behavior of the mechanism. The matrix-based representation scheme allows handling the involved spatial knowledge simultaneously and the proposed reasoning method enables the designer to predict the spatial behavior of a mechanism without knowing specific dimension of the components of the mechanism.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.758-768
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• 2017

In this paper, we present a novel method to extract face representation based on multi-resolution spatial pyramid. In our method, a face is subdivided into increasingly finer sub-regions (local regions) and represented at multiple levels of histogram representations. To cope with misaligned problem, patch-based local descriptor extraction has been also developed in a novel way. To preserve multiple levels of detail in local characteristics and also encode holistic spatial configuration, histograms from all levels of spatial pyramid are integrated by using dimensionality reduction and feature combination, leading to our spatial-pyramid face feature representation. We incorporate our proposed face features into general face recognition pipeline and achieve state-of-the-art results on challenging face recognition problems.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.114-128
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• 2005

Fuzzy information representation of multi-source spatial data is applied to landslide hazard mapping. Information representation based on frequency ratio and non-parametric density estimation is used to construct fuzzy membership functions. Of particular interest is the representation of continuous data for preventing loss of information. The non-parametric density estimation method applied here is a Parzen window estimation that can directly use continuous data without any categorization procedure. The effect of the new continuous data representation method on the final integrated result is evaluated by a validation procedure. To illustrate the proposed scheme, a case study from Jangheung, Korea for landslide hazard mapping is presented. Analysis of the results indicates that the proposed methodology considerably improves prediction capabilities, as compared with the case in traditional continuous data representation.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.390-406
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• 2021

이 연구는 화산과 지진 단원의 수업에 GeoMapApp을 활용한 학습 자료를 적용하고, 공간 능력이 서로 다른 초등학생들이 인지한 공간 개념, 표현한 공간적 표상의 도구, 지형 구조를 표현하는 데 적용한 공간적 추론을 추출하여 공간적 사고의 과정을 분석하였다. 공간 능력 상위 집단 학생들은 인지한 공간 개념 정보를 수평 거리에 따라 구간을 나누어 화산과 지진의 지형 구조에 관한 심리적 이미지를 형성하는 내적 공간 표상을 활용하거나, 인식한 공간 개념을 그대로 연결하는 공간적 추론의 사례를 보였다. 또한, 지진 자료를 보고 공간 개념을 변형하여 공간적 추론을 수행하는 예도 있었다. 공간 능력 하위 집단 학생들은 공간 개념을 직접 지형 구조로 연결하는 공간적 추론을 보이거나, 공간 개념을 부분적으로 인식하여 지형을 파악하는 공간적 추론 사례를 보였다. 연구 결과를 근거로 초등학생들이 GeoMapApp 자료에서 거리, 높이, 깊이와 같은 공간 개념을 정확히 인식해야 더 나은 공간적 사고를 구현할 수 있음을 밝혔다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.133-141
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• 2009

Since Adolf Loos' Ornament and Crime was released, ornament had been regarded as a vice in Modern architecture. In Post Modern architecture, the ornamental vocabularies extracted from the classical architecture have been symbolically expressed. As a result, the significance of existence of and the use value of architecture have increased with improved intimacy to the public. However, many studies that have analyzed architecture in terms of semantics and semiotics focusing on communication between architecture and the public have admitted instability in architectural meaning because of the fundamental difference between architecture and language. At the same time, the architectural representation has encountered a lot of limitations along with the deconstruction and non-presentation theory in Post-Structuralism. Even under these circumstances, the ornamental representation can be a critical factor which makes communication possible while expressing spatial identity in this pluralistic contemporary society. Hence, this paper has established logical grounds for research based on theoretical investigation on the concept of representation, semiotics, and ornamental representation, with regard to spatial communication through ornamental representation in commercial space. Based on Peirce's Semiotics which is the typical theoretical science in terms of representation, this paper has analyzed the three kinds of signs (Icon, Index and Symbol) that he proposed. Peirce's classification of signs becomes ideal when the factors are well balanced, with room for combination instead of strict classification. It appears that his theory of signs would be useful in understanding and analyzing ornamental representation. This study on representational ornament could offer a plan for ideal communication and abundant spatial experience in the interior design of commercial space in which the expression of creative space identity is required.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제20권11호
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• pp.47-54
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• 2015

In this paper, I examines the spatial representation of the change in the environment of the digital platform, and play the game with a focus on the spatial characteristics of a digital game. First, what is the Spatial characteristic of digital games? This section applies to a digital game "theory of Lefebvre", and the spatial representation of the practice space, divided into representational space were explored. Second, how to express dealing Is there space in the genre of adventure games? The spatial characteristics of the game medium through the Spatial characteristic of the adventure game genre that is most striking examples was analyzed whether the expression in any way. Consequently, the spatial characteristics of the digital game studies of the game as well as think a very large role in the development direction. In addition, this case analysis of the expression is the basis of this digital game that is utilized in many areas, and I am sure many possibilities to find a positive role in the game.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.433-455
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• 2013

A phase delay spectrum model towards the representation of spatial coherence of stochastic wind fields is proposed. Different from the classical coherence functions used in the spectral representation methods, the model is derived from the comprehensive description of coherence of fluctuating wind speeds and from the thorough analysis of physical accounts of random factors affecting phase delay, building up a consistent mapping between the simulated fluctuating wind speeds and the basic random variables. It thus includes complete probabilistic information of spatial stochastic wind fields. This treatment prompts a ready and succinct scheme for the simulation of fluctuating wind speeds, and provides a new perspective to the accurate assessment of dynamic reliability of wind-induced structures. Numerical investigations and comparative studies indicate that the developed model is of rationality and of applicability which matches well with the measured data at spatial points of wind fields, whereby the phase spectra at defined datum mark and objective point are feasibly obtained using the numerical scheme associated with the starting-time of phase evolution. In conjunction with the stochastic Fourier amplitude spectrum that we developed previously, the time history of fluctuating wind speeds at any spatial points of wind fields can be readily simulated.