• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.60-79
• /
• 2022

The U-Net architecture-based segmentation models attained remarkable performance in numerous medical image segmentation missions like skin lesion segmentation. Nevertheless, the resolution gradually decreases and the loss of spatial information increases with deeper network. The fusion of adjacent layers is not enough to make up for the lost spatial information, thus resulting in errors of segmentation boundary so as to decline the accuracy of segmentation. To tackle the issue, we propose a new deep learning-based segmentation model. In the decoding stage, the feature channels of each decoding unit are concatenated with all the feature channels of the upper coding unit. Which is done in order to ensure the segmentation effect by integrating spatial and semantic information, and promotes the robustness and generalization of our model by combining the atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) module and channel attention module (CAM). Extensive experiments on ISIC2016 and ISIC2017 common datasets proved that our model implements well and outperforms compared segmentation models for skin lesion segmentation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• 2018.11a
• /
• pp.97-98
• /
• 2018

최근 딥러닝 기술의 발전으로 영상 분류 및 영상 내 객체 검출뿐만 아니라 CNN 기반의 segmentation 기술도 개발되어 다른 요소까지 포함한 직사각형 영역의 검출 영역이 아닌 경계까지 고려한 분리가 가능하게 되었다. 더불어 사람 영역을 신체부위나 의류 부분과 같은 세부 영역으로 나누어 분리하는 human parsing 기술까지 연구되고 있다. Human parsing은 의류스타일 분석 및 검색, 사람의 행동 인식 및 추적과 같은 분야에도 응용될 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 Spatial pyramid pooling layer를 이용하여 영상 전체에 대한 공간적 분포 및 특성 정보를 고려한 human parsing 기법을 제안한다. Look into person(LIP) dataset을 이용하여 기존의 다른 segmentation 및 human parsing 기법과 제안하는 기법을 비교하여 제안하는 기법의 human parsing 결과가 보다 정교한 분리가 가능한 것을 확인하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
• /
• fall
• /
• pp.113-116
• /
• 2021

일반적으로 딥러닝 기반의 객체 검출(Object Detection)기법은 합성곱 신경망(Convolutional Neural Network, CNN)을 통해 입력된 영상의 특징(Feature)을 추출하여 이를 통해 객체 검출을 수행한다. 최근 자연어 처리 분야에서 획기적인 성능을 보인 트랜스포머(Transformer)가 영상 분류, 객체 검출과 같은 컴퓨터 비전 작업을 수행하는데 있어 경쟁력이 있음이 드러나고 있다. 본 논문에서는 YOLOv4-CSP의 CSP 블록을 개선한 one-stage 방식의 객체 검출 네트워크를 제안한다. 개선된 CSP 블록은 트랜스포머(Transformer)의 멀티 헤드 어텐션(Multi-Head Attention)과 CSP 형태의 공간 피라미드 풀링(Spatial Pyramid Pooling, SPP) 연산을 기반으로 네트워크의 Backbone과 Neck에서의 feature 학습을 돕는다. 본 실험은 MSCOCO test-dev2017 데이터 셋으로 평가하였으며 제안하는 네트워크는 YOLOv4-CSP의 경량화 모델인 YOLOv4s-mish에 대하여 평균 정밀도(Average Precision, AP)기준 2.7% 향상된 검출 정확도를 보인다.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
• /
• v.22 no.3
• /
• pp.149-154
• /
• 2023

This paper presents a novel approach to multi-focus image fusion using light field cameras. The proposed neural network, LFFCNN (Light Field Focus Convolutional Neural Network), is composed of three main modules: feature extraction, feature fusion, and feature reconstruction. Specifically, the feature extraction module incorporates SPP (Spatial Pyramid Pooling) to effectively handle images of various scales. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model not only effectively fuses a single All-in-Focus image from images with multi focus images but also offers more efficient and robust focus fusion compared to existing methods.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.15 no.5
• /
• pp.1778-1797
• /
• 2021

Document image binarization is an important pre-processing step in document analysis and archiving. The state-of-the-art models for document image binarization are variants of encoder-decoder architectures, such as FCN (fully convolutional network) and U-Net. Despite their success, they still suffer from three limitations: (1) reduced feature map resolution due to consecutive strided pooling or convolutions, (2) multiple scales of target objects, and (3) reduced localization accuracy due to the built-in invariance of deep convolutional neural networks (DCNNs). To overcome these three challenges, we propose an improved semantic segmentation model, referred to as DP-LinkNet, which adopts the D-LinkNet architecture as its backbone, with the proposed hybrid dilated convolution (HDC) and spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) modules between the encoder and the decoder. Extensive experiments are conducted on recent document image binarization competition (DIBCO) and handwritten document image binarization competition (H-DIBCO) benchmark datasets. Results show that our proposed DP-LinkNet outperforms other state-of-the-art techniques by a large margin. Our implementation and the pre-trained models are available at https://github.com/beargolden/DP-LinkNet.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.1034-1046
• /
• 2022

The learning-based multiview stereo (MVS) methods for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction generally use 3D volumes for depth inference. The quality of the reconstructed depth maps and the corresponding point clouds is directly influenced by the spatial resolution of the 3D volume. Consequently, these methods produce point clouds with sparse local regions because of the lack of the memory required to encode a high volume of information. Here, we apply the atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) module in MVS methods to obtain dense feature maps with multiscale, long-range, contextual information using high receptive fields. For a given 3D volume with the same spatial resolution as that in the MVS methods, the dense feature maps from the ASPP module encoded with superior information can produce dense point clouds without a high memory footprint. Furthermore, we propose a 3D loss for training the MVS networks, which improves the predicted depth values by 24.44%. The ASPP module provides state-of-the-art qualitative results by constructing relatively dense point clouds, which improves the DTU MVS dataset benchmarks by 2.25% compared with those achieved in the previous MVS methods.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.18 no.11
• /
• pp.447-454
• /
• 2018

This paper proposes a depth image generation algorithm of stereo images using a deep learning model composed of a CNN (convolutional neural network). The proposed algorithm consists of a feature extraction unit which extracts the main features of each parallax image and a depth learning unit which learns the parallax information using extracted features. First, the feature extraction unit extracts a feature map for each parallax image through the Xception module and the ASPP(Atrous spatial pyramid pooling) module, which are composed of 2D CNN layers. Then, the feature map for each parallax is accumulated in 3D form according to the time difference and the depth image is estimated after passing through the depth learning unit for learning the depth estimation weight through 3D CNN. The proposed algorithm estimates the depth of object region more accurately than other algorithms.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.153-166
• /
• 2022

Identifying fine cracks in steel bridge facilities is a challenging task of structural health monitoring (SHM). This study proposed an end-to-end crack image segmentation framework based on a one-step Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for pixel-level object recognition with high accuracy. To particularly address the challenges arising from small object detection in complex background, efforts were made in loss function selection aiming at sample imbalance and module modification in order to improve the generalization ability on complicated images. Specifically, loss functions were compared among alternatives including the Binary Cross Entropy (BCE), Focal, Tversky and Dice loss, with the last three specialized for biased sample distribution. Structural modifications with dilated convolution, Spatial Pyramid Pooling (SPP) and Feature Pyramid Network (FPN) were also performed to form a new backbone termed CrackDet. Models of various loss functions and feature extraction modules were trained on crack images and tested on full-scale images collected on steel box girders. The CNN model incorporated the classic U-Net as its backbone, and Dice loss as its loss function achieved the highest mean Intersection-over-Union (mIoU) of 0.7571 on full-scale pictures. In contrast, the best performance on cropped crack images was achieved by integrating CrackDet with Dice loss at a mIoU of 0.7670.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.861-880
• /
• 2023

Semantic segmentation of road scene is the key technology of autonomous driving, and the improvement of convolutional neural network architecture promotes the improvement of model segmentation performance. The existing convolutional neural network has the simplification of learning knowledge and the complexity of the model. To address this issue, we proposed a road scene semantic segmentation algorithm based on multi-task collaborative learning. Firstly, a depthwise separable convolution atrous spatial pyramid pooling is proposed to reduce model complexity. Secondly, a collaborative learning framework is proposed involved with saliency detection, and the joint loss function is defined using homoscedastic uncertainty to meet the new learning model. Experiments are conducted on the road and nature scenes datasets. The proposed method achieves 70.94% and 64.90% mIoU on Cityscapes and PASCAL VOC 2012 datasets, respectively. Qualitatively, Compared to methods with excellent performance, the method proposed in this paper has significant advantages in the segmentation of fine targets and boundaries.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
• /
• v.17 no.5
• /
• pp.265-272
• /
• 2022

As the risk of lung cancer has increased, early-stage detection and treatment of cancers have received a lot of attention. Among various medical imaging approaches, computer tomography (CT) has been widely utilized to examine the size and growth rate of lung nodules. However, the process of manual examination is a time-consuming task, and it causes physical and mental fatigue for medical professionals. Recently, many computer-aided diagnostic methods have been proposed to reduce the workload of medical professionals. In recent studies, encoder-decoder architectures have shown reliable performances in medical image segmentation, and it is adopted to predict lesion candidates. However, localizing nodules in lung CT images is a challenging problem due to the extremely small sizes and unstructured shapes of nodules. To solve these problems, we utilize atrous spatial pyramid pooling (ASPP) to minimize the loss of information for a general U-Net baseline model to extract rich representations from various receptive fields. Moreover, we propose mixed-up attention mechanism of reverse, boundary and convolutional block attention module (CBAM) to improve the accuracy of segmentation small scale of various shapes. The performance of the proposed model is compared with several previous attention mechanisms on the LIDC-IDRI dataset, and experimental results demonstrate that reverse, boundary, and CBAM (RB-CBAM) are effective in the segmentation of small nodules.