• Journal of the Regional Association of Architectural Institute of Korea
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.109-116
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• 2019

This study aimed to suggest a quantitative model analyzing overcrowding area under emergency evacuation situation in the outpatient department of hospital. Overall study process included the review on legal conditions of an emergency evacuation, the investigation of precedent research documents and the analysis of spatial configuration. The user movement with considering exit gates and the one without considering exit gates were analyzed for routine activity condition. An agent-based simulation was applied for the analysis. Also, user movement for the emergency condition was tested with evacuation simulation. The variation of simulation conditions revealed the difference between overcrowding spaces from situation change. At all nodes, visit frequencies derived from different conditions and situations were compared. The overcrowding spaces are to increase the risk of delaying emergency evacuation time which is critical for user safety. It suggests the need for dispersing overcrowding spaces under evacuation situation. The suggested analysis model can evaluate overcrowding spaces in the outpatient department of hospital and provide locational data for distributing evacuation design resources.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.108-120
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• 2004

Object : Patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism have various causes and clinical features. So, it is difficult to find a satisfactory treatment method functionally and esthetically. Every traditional classification and interpretation to find etiopathogenesis and/or to establish ideal surgical modality has many limitations because it can't be applied simply to various conditions of patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism. Therefore, we employ a new classification to interpret more details of the morphologic change of mandible and the spatial change of mandible and maxilla. Materials and Methods : Using panoramic X-ray films, PA cephalograms and submentovertex films of 126 patients diagnosed with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism as resources, the following results were gathered after analyzing each characteristics through distributing the patterns according to the morphological mandibular asymmetry and mandibular and maxillary spatial asymmetry. Results : Almost frequency of morphological mandibular asymmetry was shown. In case of condyle-ramus elongation and body elongation group, it's frequency was the highest. Higher frequency of compensating vertical growth was shown on the side of over growing maxilla in case of vertical length difference between left and right condyle-ramus. On the other hand, higher frequency of no compensating vertical growth difference between left and right side was shown in case of no vertical length difference in condyle-ramus. Spatial mandibular asymmetry generally occurred when there was no morphological mandibular asymmetry. Correlation between condyle length difference and condyle-ramus length difference between left and right side was very high, but correlation between condyle length difference and body length difference, and correlation between condyle length difference and body vertical length difference was low. Conclusion : In case of patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism, it is suggested that various pattern of facial asymmetry is occurred by the independent growth of each unit rather than dependent growth of other unit by major growth unit abnormality. Due to the untypical pattern and the various asymmetry occurring according to the changes of each mandibular growth unit, it is considered that an appropriate surgical method should be searched based on the accurate recognition of the each pattern for patients with facial asymmetry accompanying mandibular prognathism.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.809-826
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• 2013

This study considers types of expression and examines aesthetic characteristics by analyzing images expressed through space directing at Chanel Fashion Shows. The conclusions of this study are as follows. The expression types on space directing at Chanel Fashion Shows are what is presented by distributing huge objects associated with Fashion Shows at the center or back of the stage, integrating several detailed decorative elements while maintaining the morphological characteristics of the runway in a linear form, and utilizing an inartificial place or newly forming the whole stage. The symbolism characteristic was first indicated for the aesthetic characteristics on space directing at Chanel Fashion Shows. Symbolism is indicated through the identification of an implicit meaning towards a specific object. The symbolism was highlighted utilizing elements or stories that have a deep association with Chanel. Second, the characteristic of ecology was expressed through the recognition of the importance of the ecological environment by escaping the harmful practices of civilization such as environmental disasters and human alienation. The expression of visual ecology was emphasized utilizing themes related to environmental disasters or reviving the space of primitive nature. Third, the characteristic of fantasy was shown to express thoughts that originated from the human yearning for the ideal world contrary to an incomplete society. Fantasy was created by the inaccessible object in reality and a change in spatial structure. Fourth, the characteristics of amusement expressed pleasure, which is the instinctive desire truly immanent in a human being. It was natural amusement, which was advocated as freedom through the integration of neutrality, integrating either diverse elements (which are naturally recognized in our daily life) into Fashion Shows or amusement, which expressed newness through utilizing unusual objects in Fashion Shows.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.93-108
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• 2014

The inventory list of wildlife species inhabiting or distributing in Gyeonggi Province was made by compiling species data from precedent surveys, 10 national level nature surveys, 1 survey that Gyeonggi-do conducted, and 46 local surveys presented in scientific journals. Total 2,913 wildlife species including 2,041 vascular plants, 39 mammals, 304 birds, 34 herptiles, 145 fish, and 350 benthic macro-invertebrates were listed in the inventory. It explains 47% of nationwide total species in vascular plants, 31.5% in mammals, 58.2% in birds, 65.4% in herptiles, 12.2% in fish. The total number of important species including endangered species, national monuments, national red lists, etc. was 628 species, accounting for 21.6% of all listed species in Gyeonggi Province. More than 90% of endangered bird species, almost half of endangered fish and herptile species were found in Gyeonggi Province. In particular, abundant bird diversity and inhabitation of many endangered bird species were identified in Gyeonggi Province. Species diversity was greater in the northern area adjacent to the Demilitarized Zone and the eastern forest area. The distribution of the important species such as national endangered species was more distinct in these areas, especially in Gapyeong and Yeoncheon Counties. The inventory list compiled in this study implicates the level of management for biological resources and can provide information for policy decisions regarding new survey sites, protection management of specific species and areas, management practices by spatial characteristics. It should be more compiled and updated with survey data to be utilized as basic indices for local biodiversity strategies and management of biological resources.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.355-362
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• 1999

With the ready access to the high resolution satellite image data, users of and areas covered by satellite image data are constantly on the rise world-wide. Korea will also be able to take full advantage of the satellite data once the KOMPSAT is successfully launched. Harmonizing satellite data production and application technology and users' needs, along with the guiding policy is essential for promoting satellite data use. Up to now, the Korean government has mainly concentrated on developing production technology for the satellite units. However, the imminent task of independent satellite data production demands a promotion policy for satellite data use. In this context, the policy is defined as an important medium for identifying the role and status of satellite image information at the national level and also Preparing the legal as well as systematic foundation for producing, building, distributing, and packaging satellite data. For example, in the countries with the advanced satellite technology, such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia, digital ortho image and digital elevation model (DEM) are mandatorily included in the National Geographic Framework Data through policy measures. In addition, in order for the efficient provision of the satellite data, separate organization or agency is being in operation for the exclusive production and distribution of the satellite data. The present paper aims to examine the role and status of the satellite data as well as their current status and problems in Korea in reference to the National Spatial Data Infrastructure, and finally to provide the policy directions to promote the satellite data use in public sector on the basis of the preceding analyses.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.700-707
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 GIS 관련 연산을 실시간에 효율적으로 처리하기 위한 분산공유메모리 기반 병렬처리 시스템을 제안한다. 본 논문의 분산공유메모리 시스템은 메시지전달 방식의 분산메모리 MIMD 컴퓨터 상에 소프트웨어 기반 분산공유메모리 모듈을 탑재함으로써 구현되었다. 또한 GIS 연산의 기본이 되는 공간 객체를 공유의 기본 단위로 설정하고, GIS 데이타의 특성을 반영하여 읽기전용 공유데이타 타입을 추가하였으며, 네트워크 오버헤드를 줄이기 위하여 복수의 객체를 한번에 읽어오는 bulk access가 가능하도록 하였다. 본 시스템에서는 GIS 데이타의 효율적인 분배를 위하여 부하균등화 기법으로 guided self scheduling을 사용하였다. 실험결과 본 시스템은 네트워크 캐쉬의 효율적인 활용을 통하여 소프트웨어 기반 분산메모리 시스템의 오버헤드에도 불구하고 MPI 기반 메시지전달 방식에 비하여 향상된 성능을 얻을 수 있었다.Abstract In this paper, we propose a distributed shared memory(DSM) based parallel processing system to process GIS related computations efficiently in real time. The system is based on a software DSM module implemented on top of a distributed MIMD computer. In the DSM system, spatial object, which is a fundamental structure to represent GIS data, is used as a basic unit for sharing, and a read-only shared data type is added to reflect the characteristics of GIS data. In addition, a bulk access to multiple shared data is made possible to reduce the network overhead. A guided self scheduling method is devised for efficient load balancing in distributing GIS data to parallel processors. The experimental results show that the DSM system performs better than an MPI based message-passing system through the efficient utilization of network cache in spite of the system's software overhead.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.19-30
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• 2023

Purpose: This study examines the factors that the Millennials and Gen Z prefers to invest in assets. We look at the asset structure they want now and in the future and the idea of designing the future. This can be expected that the center of Korea's asset market will change to the structure they want in the future. Research design, data and methodology: The spatial extent of the study is all over Korea including Seoul, the metropolitan area, and local cities. The survey was conducted for about 16 days from May 7 to May 22, 2023. The survey was conducted by the surveyor visiting the subject in person, distributing the questionnaire, explaining it, and filling it out in person. For the analysis, descriptive statistics and logistic regression analysis were conducted using the SPSS 25.0 statistical package. Results: It was confirmed that the preferred assets of the Millennials and Gen Z were different by period. There was also a difference in the influencing factors between Millennial Generation and Generation Z in asset preference. Conclusions: The Millennials and Gen Z's preferred assets were different by period. The reason is interpreted as the current process of collecting assets during the asset formation period. In the future, they intend to purchase real estate assets by using financial assets as a lump sum of money. We learned the characteristics of the entire Millennials and Gen Z, in addition, the difference between income and assets is believed to have affected the difference in preference factors of Millennial Generation and Generation Z, respectively.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.7 no.2 s.14
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• pp.39-45
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• 2005

Nowadays, the demand of the output analyzed from the grid data have been sharply increased as the remote sensing technologies and GIS related industry have been developed. Therefore, a metadata access system which fits the requirements of the users should be developed for better managing and utilizing gridded data. In this background, this study defined a common application schema through the analysis of the metadata built by numerous institutes based on the draft metadata standards. The draft metadata standards has been proposed from the study supported by ETRI at 2003 which mainly concentrated on establishing the standards of distributing metadata for the grid data. Also, XML based integrated system was developed to access metadata maintained by SaTReC as well as SIMC to facilitate more convenient data access for the grid data users. The results of the pilot system developed from this study can be expected to contribute to build more efficient and enlarged integrated access system of metadata for grid data.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.7 no.2 s.14
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• pp.47-56
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• 2005

Recently, with the rapid development of mobile computing, wireless positioning technologies, and the generalization of wireless internet, LBS (Location Based Service) which utilizes location information of moving objects is serving in many fields. In order to serve LBS efficiently, the location data server that periodically stores location data of moving objects is required. Formerly, GIS servers have been used to store location data of moving objects. However, GIS servers are not suitable to store location data of moving objects because it was designed to store static data. Therefore, in this paper, we designed and implemented an extended SLDS(Short-term Location Data Subsystem) for real-time Location Based Services. The extended SLDS is extended from the SLDS which is a subsystem of the GALIS(Gracefully Aging Location Information System) architecture that was proposed as a cluster-based distributed computing system architecture for managing location data of moving objects. The extended SLDS guarantees real-time service capabilities using the TMO(Time-triggered Message-triggered Object) programming scheme and efficiently manages large volume of location data through distributing moving object data over multiple nodes. The extended SLDS also has a little search and update overhead because of managing location data in main memory. In addition, we proved that the extended SLDS stores location data and performs load distribution more efficiently than the original SLDS through the performance evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.111-124
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• 2010

To monitor the environment of land surface change is considered as an important research field since those parameters are related with land use, climate change, meteorological study, agriculture modulation, surface energy balance, and surface environment system. For the change detection, many different methods have been presented for distributing more detailed information with various tools from ground based measurement to satellite multi-spectral sensor. Recently, using high resolution satellite data is considered the most efficient way to monitor extensive land environmental system especially for higher spatial and temporal resolution. In this study, we use two different spatial resolution satellites; the one is SPOT/VEGETATION with 1 km spatial resolution to detect coarse resolution of the area change and determine objective threshold. The other is Landsat satellite having high resolution to figure out detailed land environmental change. According to their spatial resolution, they show different observation characteristics such as repeat cycle, and the global coverage. By correlating two kinds of satellites, we can detect land surface change from mid resolution to high resolution. The K-mean clustering algorithm is applied to detect changed area with two different temporal images. When using solar spectral band, there are complicate surface reflectance scattering characteristics which make surface change detection difficult. That effect would be leading serious problems when interpreting surface characteristics. For example, in spite of constant their own surface reflectance value, it could be changed according to solar, and sensor relative observation location. To reduce those affects, in this study, long-term Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) with solar spectral channels performed for atmospheric and bi-directional correction from SPOT/VEGETATION data are utilized to offer objective threshold value for detecting land surface change, since that NDVI has less sensitivity for solar geometry than solar channel. The surface change detection based on long-term NDVI shows improved results than when only using Landsat.