• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.381-384
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• 2003

Among digital halftoning methods, error diffusion is a procedure for generating high quality bilevel images from continuous-tone images but blurs the edge information in the bilevel images. To solve the problem, we propose the edge enhanced error diffusion using the edge information of the original images. The edge enchanted weights is computed by adding local characteristic weights and input pixels multiplied a constant. Also, we combined the edge enhanced method with the adaptive error diffusion using human spatial and frequency perception characteristic. The performance of the proposed method is compared with conventional method by measuring the edge correlation. The halftoned images applied the proposed method get more fine quality due to the enchanced edge and better quality in halftoned image. And the detailed edge is preserved in the halftoned images by the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.23-33
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• 2010

In the late twentieth century, the multistory housing has become the most preferred housing type. Moreover, in multistory housing design, not only interior design but also exterior design, uniqueness and characteristic have been added as significant factors in design to break simplicity and uniformity. The purpose of this study is to understand the tendency of the elevation design in Europe and to suggest the idea for elevation design for domestic. Also, each elements of elevation were analyzed through classification and schematization which categorized by its own characteristic. Design elements can be classified into three categories. They are corresponding with inner spaces, emphasizing visual expression of exterior material and texture, and presenting aesthetic factors of building shape. Those are named as the Spatial Externalization, the Visual Expression, and the Expression of Building Shape. In this frame nineteen elevations of sixteen different cases were analysed. As a result of case studies, it is clear that elevation designs were not standardized and each cases has its own characteristics. Also it showed how the each design elements can be coordinated as a total design and how they expressed identities of each housing. This study could contribute to motivate diversifying the design of multistory housing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.678-682
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• 2006

In order to analyze movement of soil moisture, Time Domain Reflectometry(TDR) with multiplex system has been installed at the Bumreunsa hillslope of Sulmachun Watershed to configure spatial-temporal variation pattern considering seasonal characteristic. An intensive surveying was performed to build a refined digital elevation model(DEM) and flow determination algorithms with inverse surveying have been applied to establish an efficient soil moisture monitoring system. Soil moisture data were collected through an intensive and long term monitoring 380 hrs in November of 2003 and 1037 hrs in May and June of 2004. Soil moisture data shows corresponding variation characteristics of soil moisture on the up slope, buffer, main channel zones of the hillslope which were classified from terrain analysis. Inferences and limitations of measured soil moisture data were discussed in conjunction with flow characteristic through terrain analysis.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2015

Purpose: Lately, The mixed use development on railroad site came up in government policy about securing development available land for public rental housing and social cohesion. The Purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial composition characteristic in housing development example of domestic and foreign through the mixed-use development of railway depot. Method: Site cases are as follows: Shimura Depot(Japan), Kowloon Bay Depot(Hongkong), Chai Wan Depot (Hongkong), Tsuen Wan Depot(Hongkong), Montparnasse Station(France), Euralille Depot(France), Sin Jeong Depot (Korea), Tai Wai Depot(Hongkong), Tseung Kwan O Depot(Hongkong) and Rive Gauche(France). Railway Depot caused various problems such as the lacking of the feeling of solidarity of local inhabitants and the sense of community. In the case of Hong Kong and a France development example to solve these problems, the architectural characteristics appears. Result: At first it is located facilities together such as commerce, duties, the culture. Further, the publicity of the house place is strengthened because an open space, a park are developed on the railroad site. And a variety of connection systems appear between the outside space with a house housing complex built on the artificial ground. Particularly, the development example has an approach and convenience, and it was confirmed that publicness was considerably high.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to suggest the development direction of a BIM performance assessment tool. To do this, a series of focused group interviews were conducted with BIM experts in South Korea regarding the objective, characteristic, potential problems of a BIM performance assessment tool. A survey questionnaire was developed based on the focused group interviews and distributed to practitioners through four different occasions. The survey results showed that there were the significant differences between practitioners by their field and years of experience about the objective, characteristic, potential problems of a BIM performance assessment tool. Based on the survey results, the consideration factors for developing a BIM performance assessment tool was suggested.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.89-95
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• 2012

Post-tensioned void slab is frequently used for improving the deflection and sound proofing. Two one story 8m spanned structures were built. One structure applied post-tensioned solid slab, but the other did post-tensioned void slab. Dynamic characteristics, which is natural frequency and damping ratio, was compared between that of solid slab and void slab before and after post tension. The natural frequency of void slab was greater than that of solid slab before and after post tension. It was shown that damping ratio of solid slab and void slab was almost same at two stages.

• Journal of Korean Association for Spatial Structures
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.45-55
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• 2013

The core aim of this paper is to empirically scrutinize a strength characteristic and ductility of the beam-column frame of reinforced with steel subjected to the cyclic lateral load. First and foremost, I the author embarks upon making four prototypes vis-$\grave{a}$-vis this research. Through this endeavour, the author has analysed cyclic behavior, fracture shape, ductility and energy dissipation of the normal beam-column frame and a beam-column frame of reinforced with steel. In addition, the survey has revealed the exact stress transfer path and the destructive mechanism in order to how much a beam-column frame of reinforced with steel has resistance to earthquake regarding all types of building, as well as school construction. To get the correct data, the author has compared the normal beam-column frame and three types of the beam-column frame of reinforced with steel following these works, the characteristic of cyclic behavior, destructive mechanism, ductility, and Energy dissipation of normal beam-column frame and a beam-column frame of reinforced with steel have been examined clearly.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.345-351
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• 2007

The research which it sees will confront to the coating with paint material and a coating with paint public law application of the river bridge and it will present it will sleep and it will execute, it will reach and a comparison - an analysis from the research which it tries to respect middle of special environment the polyurethane system which is a method coating with paint system and fluorine resin system, against a ceramic system it executed more an objectivity and rational fundamental data. With research method against each coating with paint evening sunlight a research investigation material and structure, it separated with spatial-temporal characteristic and economic viewpoint it executed. When considering overview from material viewpoint, fluorine resin system ceramic system polyurethane system pure with it is judged with the fact that it is excellent. There is a possibility of saying that the coefficient of friction of the fluorine resin system which uses the weapon quality zinc end coating compound ever so hard and polyurethane system is excellent ceramic system than from structure viewpoint. That fluorine resin system = polyurethane system ceramic system pure with it is excellent, it is judged from spatial-temporal characteristic viewpoint. It measures but it considered an internal troubles year grudge in the standard which becomes disturbance the place where it executes the market the expectation life person of the general bridge against 100 years the result fluorine resin system polyurethane system ceramic system which compares a materials unit cost pure with it appeared.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.14 no.1 s.41
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• pp.7-19
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• 2005

The purpose of this paper is the study on the piazza plan of basilica S. Pietro. The results of study are as follows: 1. The piazza of the basilica S. Pietro was planned in relation to building-piazza-symbol of interior piazza-street as city planning characteristic of Baroque and architectural characteristic of elliptical piazza form. 2. The function of piazza of basilica S. Pietro was planned for religious meeting of a grand scale than a piazza for the common run of people. 3. In general, the disposition, ground, elevation and section plan of the piazza of basilica S. Pietro was planned by principle of spatial and formal composition, according to axis, symmetry, proportion, division and contrast. 4. The location, scale, shape of piazza for disposition and ground plan of the piazza of basilica S. Pietro was basically decided by not only elements of Basilica building, Vatican Palace, Street and Walls of surroundings with axis of the Basilica building, but Fountain and Obelisk as existing constituent elements. 5. The elevation of the piazza of basilica S. Pietro was composed of boundary that was enclosed from wall of trapezoid piazza and gallery of elliptical piazza with equal height as symmetry. And the section plan was planned to approach into the Basilica through slope and stairs of gentle angle, utilizing of existing land form.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.359-367
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• 2011

A suitable pan-sharpening method has to be chosen with respect to the used spectral characteristic of the multispectral bands and the intended application. The research on pan-sharpening algorithm in improving the accuracy of image classification has been reported. For a classification, preserving the spectral information is important. Other applications such as road detection depend on a sharp and detailed display of the scene. Various criteria applied to scenes with different characteristics should be used to compare the pan-sharpening methods. The pan-sharpening methods in our research comprise rather common techniques like Brovey, IHS(Intensity Hue Saturation) transform, and PCA(Principal Component Analysis), and more complex approaches, including wavelet transformation. The extraction of matching pairs was performed through SIFT descriptor and Canny edge detector. The experiments showed that pan-sharpening techniques for spatial enhancement were effective for extracting point and linear features. As a result of the validation it clearly emphasized that a suitable pan-sharpening method has to be chosen with respect to the used spectral characteristic of the multispectral bands and the intended application. In future it is necessary to design hybrid pan-sharpening for the updating of features and land-use class of a map.