• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.97-113
• /
• 2020

Soil is the foundation of human life and the basis for food security. Considering this it is prioritized in the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDG). Therefore, research on soil resilience in the agricultural environment is crucial for sound and sustainable soil management, especially in highly uncertain and unpredictable conditions. Soil resilience is defined in different ways by several researchers; however, its definition typically includes the concepts of recovery and resistance to stress. The physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of soils that are used to assess the soil resilience, i.e., the response of soil to various types of stress are summarized in this study. In addition, various statistical processing techniques and quantification methods are summarized considering the wide spatial and temporal scope of soil resilience research. Several soil resilience studies typically conduct the following five steps: (1) soil and site selection (2) stress (independent variable) setting (3) soil characteristics and indicator (dependent variable) setting (4) performing various spatiotemporal scale experiments (5) statistical analysis. The previous and present studies present a general introduction of soil resilience, based on which, further practical research considering domestic agricultural environment should be conducted. The extensive range of soil resilience measurements will require collaboration between researchers in various fields.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.24-35
• /
• 2019

In this study, a hotspot analysis was conducted to suggest a new method for interpreting soil heavy-metal contamination data of abandoned metal mines according to statistical significance level. The spatial autocorrelation of the data was analyzed using the Getis-Ord $Gi{\ast}$ statistic in order to check whether soil heavy metal contamination data showing abnormal values appeared concentrated or dispersed in a specific space. As a result, the statistically significant data showing abnormal values in the mine area could be classified as follows: (1) the contamination degree and the hotspot value (z-score) were both high, (2) the contamination degree was high but the z-score was low, (3) the contamination degree was low but the z-score was high and (4) the contamination degree and the z-score were both low. The proposed method can be used to interpret the soil heavy metal contamination data according to the statistical significance level and to support a rational decision for soil contamination management in abandoned mines.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.25 no.3
• /
• pp.1-16
• /
• 2022

Areas developed through land reclamation projects have huge economic advantages in terms of supplying lands that can be used for farmlands, urban areas and etc., however have relatively small areas of grasslands and densely located buildings compared to inland cities. Hence, an urban heat island is occurring in these areas due to this characteristic, and in particular, the urban heat island in Cheongna International City is getting serious. In this study, the urban heat island in Cheongna International City was evaluated and analyzed by classified into the three periods after the reclamation project: farmland(2001-2008), development(2009-2013) and artificial grassland(2014-2020). The land cover map and Landsat time-series imagery were utilized for measuring the differences of the land surface temperatures between the urbanized areas and the grassland/forest areas in Cheongna International City. The statistical results showed that the differences in the land surface temperature between these areas were calculated to be at most 0℃ during the period of farmland, at most 3.60℃ during the period of development, and at most 2.51℃ during the period of grassland. This study proved that the urban heat island phenomenon increased when the urbanized areas increased, and the urban heat island phenomenon decreased when the artificial grassland areas increased in Cheongna International City where the reclamation project was carried out. The statistical results derived through this research can be used as the reference data for identifying the urban heat island problem in urban planning and establishing the reduction plan.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
• /
• v.37 no.5
• /
• pp.261-269
• /
• 2023

In light of recent social concerns related to issues such as water supply pipe deterioration leading to problems like leaks and degraded water quality, the significance of maintenance efforts to enhance water source quality and ensure a stable water supply has grown substantially. In this study, scan statistic was applied to analyze water quality complaints and water leakage accidents from 2015 to 2021 to present a reasonable method to identify areas requiring improvement in water management. SaTScan, a spatio-temporal statistical analysis program, and ArcGIS were used for spatial information analysis, and clusters with high relative risk (RR) were determined using the maximum log-likelihood ratio, relative risk, and Monte Carlo hypothesis test for I city, the target area. Specifically, in the case of water quality complaints, the analysis results were compared by distinguishing cases occurring before and after the onset of "red water." The period between 2015 and 2019 revealed that preceding the occurrence of red water, the leak cluster at location L2 posed a significantly higher risk (RR: 2.45) than other regions. As for water quality complaints, cluster C2 exhibited a notably elevated RR (RR: 2.21) and appeared concentrated in areas D and S, respectively. On the other hand, post-red water incidents of water quality complaints were predominantly concentrated in area S. The analysis found that the locations of complaint clusters were similar to those of red water incidents. Of these, cluster C7 exhibited a substantial RR of 4.58, signifying more than a twofold increase compared to pre-incident levels. A kernel density map analysis was performed using GIS to identify priority areas for waterworks management based on the central location of clusters and complaint cluster RR data.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
• /
• v.41 no.4
• /
• pp.720-734
• /
• 2023

To understand the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of zooplankton and the environmental factors influencing zooplankton abundance in Gomso Bay, major harvesting area of Manila clam (Venerupis philippinarum) in South Korea, zooplankton sampling was conducted four times in autumn (October 2022), winter (January 2023), early spring (March 2023), and spring (May 2023). Among the environmental factors of Gomso Bay, water temperature, chlorophyll a concentration (Chl-a), dissolved oxygen (DO), and pH observed different patterns, while salinity and suspended particulate matter(SPM) showed no significant statistical differences between the survey periods. The zooplankton in Gomso Bay occurred 33, 29, 27, and 29 taxonomic groups during each respective survey period. In October 2022 and May 2023, arthropod plankton were dominated, while in January and March 2023, protozoa were primarily dominant. Among the Arthropods, copepods including Acartia hongi, Paracalanus parvus s. l., Corycaeus spp., and Oithona spp. commonly found along Korean coastal areas of the Yellow Sea, were dominated. Cluster analysis based on zooplankton abundance indicated a single community (stable condition) in each season, attributed to low dissimilarity distances, while three distinct clusters (autumn, winter-early spring, spring) between seasons indicated a highly seasonal environment in Gomso Bay.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.317-324
• /
• 2002

Purpose: The use of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) program has increased for the analysis of brain PET and SPECT images. Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) coordinate is used in SPM program as a standard anatomical framework. While the most researchers look up Talairach atlas to report the localization of the activations detected in SPM program, there is significant disparity between MNI templates and Talairach atlas. That disparity between Talairach and MNI coordinates makes the interpretation of SPM result time consuming, subjective and inaccurate. The purpose of this study was to develop a program to provide objective anatomical information of each x-y-z position in ICBM coordinate. Materials and Methods: Program was designed to provide the anatomical information for the given x-y-z position in MNI coordinate based on the Statistical Probabilistic Anatomical Map (SPAM) images of ICBM. When x-y-z position was given to the program, names of the anatomical structures with non-zero probability and the probabilities that the given position belongs to the structures were tabulated. The program was coded using IDL and JAVA language for 4he easy transplantation to any operating system or platform. Utility of this program was shown by comparing the results of this program to those of SPM program. Preliminary validation study was peformed by applying this program to the analysis of PET brain activation study of human memory in which the anatomical information on the activated areas are previously known. Results: Real time retrieval of probabilistic information with 1 mm spatial resolution was archived using the programs. Validation study showed the relevance of this program: probability that the activated area for memory belonged to hippocampal formation was more than 80%. Conclusion: These programs will be useful for the result interpretation of the image analysis peformed on MNI coordinate, as done in SPM program.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.21-27
• /
• 2013

Recently, It is increasing that importance of systematic management by carbon sinks in forest resources. Especially, in terms of social, Forest resources in urban areas are important role as well as carbon sinks, and improvement of the natural environment of the city. In this study, through ANOVA analysis that a total of nine different vegetation index from rearranged NIR band of images to Forest tree species classified in urban areas using high-resolution aerial images and satellite images of KOMPSAT-2. And various vegetation indices such as NDVI are divided a species by forest units through statistical analysis. Also, separated species are compared to forest type map by the Forest Service. As a result, it is built as basis for vegetation management in urban areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
• /
• v.23 no.5
• /
• pp.809-815
• /
• 2020

A number of investigations and studies have been conducted in various fields regarding the sediment disasters of Mt. Woomyeon that occurred in July 2011. We collected and compared the topographic information of the general points where debris flows did not occur and the collapse points where the debris flow occurred in order to find out the characteristics of the collapse points in Woomyeon mountain. The collected topographic information is altitude, curvature, slope, aspect and TPI(topographic position index). As a result of comparison, there were relatively many collapse points at an altitude of 210m to 250m, and at a slope of 30° to 40°. In addition, the risk of collapse was low in a cell where the curvature was close to 0, and the risk was higher in concave terrain than in convex terrain. In the case of TPI, there was no statistical difference between the general points and the collapse points when the analysis radius was larger than 200m, and there was a correlation with the curvature when the analysis radius was smaller than 50m. In the case of debris flows that are affected by artificial structures or facilities, there is a possibility of disturbing the topographic analysis results. Therefore, if a research on debris flow is conducted on a mountain area that is heavily exposed to human activities, such as Woomyeon mountain, diversified factors must be considered to account for this impact.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
• /
• v.44 no.3
• /
• pp.80-87
• /
• 2007

In this paper, we investigate an enhancement method for Western epigraphic images, which is based on local statistics. Image data is partitioned into two regions, background and information. Statistical and functional analyses are proceeded for image modeling. The Western epigraphic images, for the most part, have shown the Gaussian distribution. It is clarified that each region can be differentiated statistically. The local normalization process algorithm is designed on this model. The parameter is extracted and it‘s properties are verified with the size of moving window. The spatial gray-level distribution is modified and regions are differentiated by adjusting parameter and the size of moving window. Local statistics are utilized for realization of the enhancement, so that difference between regions can be enhanced and noise or speckles of region can be smoothed. Experimental results are presented to show the superiority of the proposed algorithm over the conventional methods.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.23-30
• /
• 2015

A shoreline mapping is essential for describing coastal areas, estimating coastal erosions and managing coastal properties. This study has planned to map the 3D shorelines with the airborne LiDAR(Light Detection and Ranging) data and the KOMPSAT-2 imagery, acquired in Uljin, Korea. Following to the study, the DSM(Digital Surface Model) is generated firstly with the given LiDAR data, while the NDWI(Normalized Difference Water Index) imagery is generated by the given KOMPSAT-2 imagery. The classification method is employed to generate water and land clusters from the NDWI imagery, as the 2D shorelines are selected from the boundaries between the two clusters. Lastly, the 3D shorelines are constructed by adding the elevation information obtained from the DSM into the generated 2D shorelines. As a result, the constructed 3D shorelines have had 0.90m horizontal accuracy and 0.10m vertical accuracy. This statistical results could be concluded in that the generated 3D shorelines shows the relatively high accuracy on classified water and land surfaces, but relatively low accuracies on unclassified water and land surfaces.