• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.46-56
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• 2002

This landscape design proposal was presented to a design competition for the Culture.Welfare.Administration Complex of Yongin-City which was held by Yongin-City in December, 2001. The site is located at 68-19 Yukbuck-dong, Yongin-City, Kyunggi-do and has an area of 236,449$m^2$. The judging criteria for landscape design set by the Yongin-City could be articulated as follows: an environment friendly design respecting the surrounding environment, a locale as a community center of Yongin-City, a resting place for the welfare of employees and visitors, and finally a place with diverse landscape elements reflecting the individual identity of each facility. This proposal chose the main design concept of this project as‘Nature meets City'. A grove of pine trees fragments the multi building complex, so that‘nature'was brought into the‘city'. A double ground system was introduced to respect the existing topography and to enhance the efficency of the land. This design proposal consists of four segments. Each segment has its own design theme. Outdoor space of this multi-purpose complex was designed with themes of nature, culture, welfare and administration. Space composition with grid and natural looking curvilinear lines was a design motive for this complex. The nature oriented planting design was introduced to respect the existing groves of Mt. Suksung. Specific species were chosen to follow its own spatial character in each space. An environmental sculpture called‘Dream Soaring'was placed in the middle of‘Citizen Plaza'. Its light and feather-looking shape symbolizes the vision of Youngin-City. At night people can watch the diverse color changes on its mirror-like surface.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.7-25
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• 2009

Hakbongjongtaek(The head house of Uisong Kim family, 鶴峯宗宅), firstly built in the early 17th century, was moved to its neighboring place in the late 18th century. The man who led the relocation(移建) of the house was the eldest grandson of the family, Jong-soo, Kim. He made and overall plan and also participated in building the house. There remain four Gados(family paintings, 가도(家圖)) related to the relocation plan. This paper aims to make an analysis of these Gados, and through analysis, to find what was the essential poing of the relocation plan and how the point was represented in the paintings. The result of analysis is as follows: 1. The main focus of relocation plan was the form of Anchae(the inner house). Anchae was designed as asymmetrical form, and restricted to four kan. Only Andaechung needed to be 6 kan size for religious ceremonies. 2. For the design of Sarangchae, the displacement of large Sarangbang and small Sarangbang was an important issue. There were two ways of layout: parallel type and facing type. The latter was chosen. 3. The representation and techniques of Gado is quite concrete, in spite of differences among them. The expression of doors, windows, attic and kitchen was based on the understanding of space. Also the spatial division, which was expressed line on the grid, was based on the scaled ruler. As we've seen before, painting the relocation plan was a kind of endeavors to make the housing type as a realization of Garye. Also, we can find out that role of the eldest grandson of the family was quite important to carry out the plan. As well as, it was meaningful to examine Sadaebu (the aristocrat of Chosun)'s perception of housing.

• Proceedings of the Korea Association of Crystal Growth Conference
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• 1996.06b
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• pp.285-309
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• 1996

Non oxide ceramics such as nitrides of transition metals have shown significant potential for future economic impact, in diverse applications in ceramic, aerospace and electronic industries, as refractory products, abrasives and cutting tools, aircraft components, and semi-conductor substrates amid others. Combustion synthesis has become an attractive alternative to the conventional furnace technology to produce these materials cheaply, faster and at a higher level of purity. However he process os highly exothermic and manifests complex dynamics due to its strongly non-linear nature. In order to develop an understanding of this process and to study the effect of operational parameters on the final outcome, numerical modeling is necessary, which would generated essential knowledge to help scale-up the process. the model is based on a system of parabolic-hyperbolic partial differential equations representing the heat, mass and momentum conservation relations. The model also takes into account structural change due to sintering and volumetric expansion, and their effect on the transport properties of the system. The solutions of these equations exhibit steep moving spatial gradients in the form of reaction fronts, propagating in space with variable velocity, which gives rise to varying time scales. To cope with the possibility of extremely abrupt changes in the values of the solution over very short distances, adaptive mesh techniques can be applied to resolve the high activity regions by ordering grid points in appropriate places. To avoid a control volume formulation of the solution of partial differential equations, a simple orthogonal, adaptive-mesh technique is employed. This involves separate adaptation in the x and y directions. Through simple analysis and numerical examples, the adaptive mesh is shown to give significant increase in accuracy in the computations.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.111-118
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• 2002

These days, surveying instruments are developing rapidly and the precision is improving continuously. The building of three dimensional terrains of high precision are possible and the calculation of the areas or the volumes have high precision due to the development of the technique of the spatial information system using computer. But actually, in construction site they calculate two-dimensional area using the traditional method, plate table surveying, planimeter, and then get three-dimensional area through multiplying two-dimensional area by the slope correction factor. In this study, we show the defect and inefficiency of the calculation of area by the traditional methods and survey the area with Electric Distance Measurement and GPS instrument. With this data, we made the three dimensional terrain model and calculated two-dimensional area, three-dimensional area. After that, we compared areas that calculated by algorithm of triangulated irregular network and analysis of grid method with standard area that calculated by the traditional method. Finally, this paper suggested more effective and precious method in calculating three-dimensional area.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.22-31
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to compare calculated pollutant loadings using pollutant load unit factors and vector type coverage, and expected mean concentration(EMC) and raster type of digital elevation model(DEM). This study is also focusing on comparison of the advantages and the disadvantages of the two methods, and seeking for a method of calculation of pollutant loadings using DEM. Estimation of pollutant inputs using pollutant load unit factors has limitations in identifying seasonal variations of pollutant loadings. Seasonal changes of runoffs should be considered in the calculation of pollutant loadings from catchments into reservoirs. Evaluation of pollutant inputs using runoff-coefficient and EMC can overcome these drawbacks. Proper EMC and runoff-coefficient values for the Koeup stream catchments of the Koheung estuarine lake were drawn from review of related papers. Arc/Info was employed to establish database of spatial and attribute data of point and non-point pollutant sources and characteristics of the catchments. ArcView was used to calculate point and non-point pollutant loadings. Pollutant loads estimated with either unit factors-coverages, i.e., pollutant load unit factors and vector coverages f point sources and land use, or EMC and digital elevation mode(DEM) were compared with stream monitoring loads. We have found that some differences were shown between monitoring results and estimated loads by Unit Factors-Coverage and EMC-DEM. Monthly variations of pollutant loads evaluated with EMC-DEM were similar to those with monitoring result. The method using EMC-DEM can calculate accumulated flows and pollutant loads and can be utilized to identify stream networks. A future research on correcting the difference between vector type stream using flow direction grid and digitalizing vector type should be conducted in order to obtain more exact calculation of pollutant loadings.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.60 no.5
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• pp.149-162
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• 2018

It is necessary to select the appropriate global climate model (GCM) to take into account the impacts of climate change on integrated water management. The objective of this study was to develop the selection technique of representative GCMs for uncertainty in climate change scenario. The selection technique which set priorities of GCMs consisted of two steps. First step was evaluating original GCMs by comparing with grid-based observational data for the past period. Second step was evaluating whether the statistical downscaled data reflect characteristics for the historical period. Spatial Disaggregation Quantile Delta Mapping (SDQDM), one of the statistical downscaling methods, was used for the downscaled data. The way of evaluating was using explanatory power, the stepwise ratio of the entire GCMs by Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices (ETCCDI) basis. We used 26 GCMs based on CMIP5 data. The Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios were selected for this study. The period for evaluating reproducibility of historical period was 30 years from 1976 to 2005. Precipitation, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature were used as collected climate variables. As a result, we suggested representative 13 GCMs among 26 GCMs by using the selection technique developed in this research. Furthermore, this result can be utilized as a basic data for integrated water management.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.54-60
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• 2016

Brain gene expression information is closely related to the structural and functional characteristics of the brain. Thus, extensive research has been carried out on the relationship between gene expression patterns and the brain's structural organization. In this study, Principal Component Analysis was used to extract features of gene expression patterns, and genes were automatically classified by spatial distribution. Voxels were then clustered with classified specific region expressed genes. Finally, we visualized the clustering results for mouse hippocampal region gene expression with the Allen Brain Atlas. This experiment allowed us to classify the region-specific gene expression of the mouse hippocampal region and provided visualization of clustering results and a brain atlas in an integrated manner. This study has the potential to allow neuroscientists to search for experimental groups of genes more quickly and design an effective test according to the new form of data. It is also expected that it will enable the discovery of a more specific sub-region beyond the current known anatomical regions of the brain.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2011.05a
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• pp.16-16
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• 2011

Statistics of extreme rainfall play a vital role in engineering practice from the perspective of mitigation and protection of infrastructure and human life from flooding. While flood frequency assessments, based on river flood flow data are preferred, the analysis of rainfall data is often more convenient due to the finer spatial nature of rainfall recording networks, often with longer records, and potentially more easily transferable from site to site. The rainfall frequency analysis as a design tool has developed over the years in New Zealand from Seelye's daily rainfall frequency maps in 1947 to Thompson's web based tool in 2010. This paper will present a history of the development of New Zealand rainfall frequency analysis methods, and the details of the latest method, so that comparisons may in future be made with the development of Korean methods. One of the main findings in the development of methods was new knowledge on the distribution of New Zealand rainfall extremes. The High Intensity Rainfall Design System (HIRDS.V3) method (Thompson, 2011) is based upon a regional rainfall frequency analysis with the following assumptions: $\bullet$ An "index flood" rainfall regional frequency method, using the median annual maximum rainfall as the indexing variable. $\bullet$ A regional dimensionless growth curve based on the Generalised Extreme Value (GEV), and using goodness of fit test for the GEV, Gumbel (EV1), and Generalised Logistic (GLO) distributions. $\bullet$ Mapping of median annual maximum rainfall and parameters of the regional growth curves, using thin-plate smoothing splines, a $2km\times2km$ grid, L moments statistics, 10 durations from 10 minutes to 72 hours, and a maximum Average Recurrence Interval of 100 years.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.89-113
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to develop means to apply GIS and remote sensing technology to the analysis of Korean urban open spaces. To achieve this objective, a framework of analysis of urban open spaces was developed, and then the framework was applied for the evaluation of the potential and suitability of open spaces of Ansan City, which is a new town developed to accomodate industries relocation from Seoul, Korea, mainly due to their pollution problems. The software used in this study are IDRISI, a grid-based GIS, and KMIPS, a remote sensing analysis system. Both packages are based on IBM PC/AT computers with Microsoft DOS. Landsat MSS and TM data were used for the land use classification, land use change detection, and analysis of transformed vegetation indices. The size of the geographic data base is 110 rows and 150 columns with the spatial resolution of 100m$\times$100m. The framework of analysis includes both quanititative and qualitative analysis of open spaces. The quantitative analysis includes size and distribution of open spaces, urban develpment of open spaces, and the degree of vegree of vegetation removal of the study area. The qualitative analysis includes evaluative criteria for primary productivity of land, park use potential, major visual resources, and urban environmental control. The findings of this study can be summarized as follows. First, the size of builtup areas increased 18.73km$^2$, while the size of forest land decreased 10.86km$^2$ during last ten years. Agricultural lands maintained its size, but shifted toward outside of the city into forest. Second, the potential of open spaces for park use is limited mainly due to their lack of accessibility and connectivity among open spaces, in spite of ample acreage and good site conditions. Third, major landscape elements and historic sites should be connected to the open space system of the city by new accesses and buffers.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.626-626
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 하천공간정보의 웹서비스를 위해 SOAP(Simple Object Access Protocol) API 및 REST(Representation State Transfer) API로 제공하는 HydroG-OneFlow 웹서비스를 개발하였다. HydroG-OneFlow는 GML 기반의 서비스를 제공하며 GetBasin, GetGeoVariable 및 GetData 등의 기본서비스로 구성된다. GML은 GIS S/W의 벡터 GML 포맷과 공간정보 오픈플랫폼 서비스인 브이월드 데이터 API에서 제공하는 GML 포맷을 참고하여 하천공간 벡터정보를 제공할 수 있도록 GML을 구성하였다. GDM 공간 데이터에 대한 벡터정보 ML 수용 수준을 향상시킬 수 있도록 벡터구조의 점, 선, 면 정보에 대하여 GML의 PointPropertyType, CurvePropertyType, SurfacePropertyType을 도입하였다. 또한 일반적인 공간자료에서는 Multi 객체에 대한 지원도 필요하다. 현 GDM 데이터베이스에서도 OGC 표준의 MultiPoint, MultiLineString, MultiPolygon을 지원하고 있다. 이를 위하여 GML의 상응 요소인MultiPointPropertyType, MultiCurvePropertyType, MultiSurfacePropertyType을 하천공간정보 벡터 스키마에 도입하여 활용하였다. 클라이언트 서버 통신은 메시지 교환프로토콜인 SOAP을 사용하여 서버의 객체를 직접 호출하여 이루어진다. 서버는 서버의 제공 서비스를 WSDL(Web Service Description Language)를 통하여 게시하고 클라이언트는 이 기준(Criteria)을 참고하여 접근한다. GetData의 경우 Type(GRID or VECTOR), GDM(Geospatial Data Model) 여부(true or false), LayerName, BasinID, GenTime을 인자로 받아 GeoData에서 검색된 정보를 반환한다. SOAP버전은 1.1과 1.2를 지원하여 접근하는 클라이언트에서 선택할 수 있도록 개발하였다.