• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.543-550
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• 2004

Dense macroalgal assemblages are a common feature of the rocky subtidal habitats along the coast of Geumo Archipelago in the central South Sea of Korea, but are highly variable in space. This study addresses two questions concerning the algal assemblages: (1) how variable the distribution, abundance and species composition of the assemblages are in space, and (2) how closely the distribution, abundance and species composition of the assemblages are correlated to the spatial variation in abiotic factors. To answer these questions, we investigated 30 sites along the coast in autumn of 2003. The nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis showed that there were strong differences in the composition and abundance of species in the assemblages among the sites. The similarity among the sites based on presence/absence data was approximately 51%, whereas the similarity based on abundance data was less than 37%, suggesting that the abundance of species contributed much to these differences. There were also strong differences in the number of species, abundance and vertical distribution of the assemblages along the coast. Multiple regression analyses revealed that the number of species, abundance and vertical distribution of the assemblages had a positive relationship with water depth, but less than 58% of total variation in these variables was explained by this abiotic factor. The results suggest that spatial (between habitats) variation is an important and consistent component of subtidal algal assemblages in Geumo Archipelago and should be explained before any differences between localities are assessed.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제98권6호
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• pp.764-771
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 설악산과 치악산 국립공원에서 소나무 공간분포와 경사, 방위, 고도 등의 지형학적 인자간의 연관성을 분석 하였다. 다양한 격자크기에서 방위에 따른 소나무의 공간분포 분석결과, 100 m 격자크기가 소나무의 공간분포 특성을 설명하기에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 100 m 격자크기에서 지형인자에 따른 소나무 출현빈도는 고도 400~800 m, 경사 $15^{\circ}{\sim}30^{\circ}$, TWI 0~2에서 각각 가장 높게 분석되었으며, 방위에 따른 차이는 크지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 고도의 계급별로 지형인자에 따른 소나무 출현빈도 차이는 고도가 400 m 이하 일 때 지형인자에 따른 소나무 분포특성이 뚜렷하게 나타났다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.45-58
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the gender-related effects of two instructional programs on spatial visualization skills of ninth grade students. Two instructional programs were developed for this study: a web-based virtual reality program and a paper-based program. 194 ninth graders from two middle schools in Seoul participated in this study. Six classes were divided into experimental groups and control groups. The Middle Grades Mathematics Projects (MGMP) Spatial Visualization Test was used to measure spatial visualization skills. The data analysis indicated that both the web-based and paper-based programs were effective to improve spatial visualization skills to treatment groups. Although boys'test mean scores were higher than girls' in the pretest, when deleting the effect of covariance of pretest, there were no statistical significance in the post-test. Girls in the treatment groups favored the paper-based spatial visualization program. These results imply that spatial training may benefit girls' performance more than that of boys and mode of instructional programs can create gender-related differences regarding spatial visualization skills.

• 한국경제지리학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.237-245
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• 2005

본 연구의 목적은 전국에 분포된 국가산업단지 내 전 제조업을 대상으로 지역간 생산성 격차의 원인을 밝히려는데 있다. 이를 위하여 기업의 노동생산성을 종속변수로 두고 노동생산성에 영향을 미치는 주요 변수에 대한 파라메타를 계량경제기법을 이용하여 추정하였다. 추정을 위하여 이용된 자료는 최근 한국산업단지관리공단이 2003년을 기준으로 전국에 소재한 산업단지 내 기업을 대상으로 전수 조사한 기업의 생산, 고용, 수출, 투자 등과 같은 원 자료(raw data)를 이용하였다. 추정결과 기업의 산업단지 내 입주기간, 자본규모, 고용자 수, 설비투자 규모 등이 노동생산성에 유의한 것으로 나타났으며, 제조업 각 부문별 산업은 지역에 따라 노동생산성의 편차가 크게 나타났다. 노동생산성은 설비투자와 제조업체의 입주기간과는 정(+)의 관계가 있고, 종업원의 수와는 부(-)의 관계에 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 지역별 노동생산성은 충청, 전라, 경상도 지역이 수도권보다 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.20-27
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to investigate and compare the validity and the reliability of the visual simulation method using the internet. For this. the evaluation of the artificial and natural landscape through the medium of color slides are compared with the internet survey. Data is analysed through the comparison of t-test between the two media by landscape type, and spatial image is analysed by factor analysis algorithm. Principle component analysis using Varimax Method is applied for extraction and factor rotation respectively. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; There are no statistical differences between the two methods with artificial and natural landscape in the total data that included second tests. Factors covering the spatial image are found to be \`aesthetic\`, \`spatial shape\`, and \`familiarity\`. Total variance is obtained as 66.4%. There are no statistical differences between the two methods in 2/3 of the cases. In the case of far view of artificial landscape, the results of the t-test show that the two methods are exactly the same. Especially in the case of the artificial far landscape shows no difference of all factors between two methods. There are no differences between first and second tests of the same media and the same landscape type. And it shows the reliability of this method. These results suggest that the probability that the internet can be used as a medium of landscape evaluation and gathering information on anyone\`s landscape image. Simulation techniques with the internet survey method should be further developed for practical application.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2014

The arctic tundra is an important ecosystem in terms of the organic carbon cycle and climate change, and therefore, detailed analysis of vegetation distribution patterns is required to determine their association. We used grid-sampling method and applied geostatistics to analyze spatial variability and patterns of vegetation within a two-dimensional space, and calculated the Moran's I statistics and semivariance to assess the spatial autocorrelation of vegetation. Spatially autocorrelated vegetation consisted of moss, Eriophorum vaginatum, Betula nana, and Rubus chamaemorus. Interpolation maps and cross-correlograms revealed spatial specificity of Carex aquatilis and a strong negative spatial correlation between E. vaginatum and C. aquatilis. These results suggest differences between the species in water requirements for survival in the arctic tundra. Geostatistical methods could offer valuable information for identifying the vegetation spatial distribution.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2008

Litterfall has been recognized an important part of the forest ecosystem production, playing a major pathway in energy flow and nutrient cycling through the ecosystem. This study was carried out to examine the quantity and components, temporal variation, and spatial heterogeneity of the litterfall in the mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest. The data were collected from the 9ha permanent experimental plot, of which on the center area, i.e. $150m{\times}150m$, the total number of 319 circular litterfall traps with the size of $0.5m^2$ were established to collect falling litterfall. The results showed that the annual amount of litterfall was totalized 3,033.7 kg/ha, occupying broad-leaves of 39.3%, conifer-leaves of 29.5%, others of 18.5%, branches of 10.4%, and seeds of 2.3%. The peak point of the litterfall production was made at the end of September, proportionating 32.2% of total amount. The analysis of semivariogram revealed the existence of high spatial heterogeneity, calculated the scale of spatial heterogeneity ranged from 11.6 m to 29.1 m. The result of proportion (C/[Co+C]) showed that spatial heterogeneity of autocorrelation in total spatial heterogeneity were from 97.0% to 100%. The relatively heavy branches and others had significant differences in litterfall production between the areas of canopy gap and closed canopy in the 95% probability level, but the other components did not show statistical differences.

• 대한건축학회논문집:계획계
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.3-12
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• 2019

Since offline contact becomes a strong differentiator as online market expands, the shopping mall calls for more complex and diverse tenant combinations and deployment plan strategies. There is, however, few practical research and causal verification of Tenant Mix, i.e., the combination and placement of tenant and users' behavior, has been conducted which is a key factor in spatial configuration. In practice, Tenant Mix is limited in prediction of consumption behavior of customers by the MD planners's experience and depends only on qualitative arbitrary plan. The purpose of this study is to find out the interrelationship between the spatial configuration and the users' behavior of Tenant Mix in shopping mall, and to present an objective basis in MD planning. According to the analysis, it was possible to know that there are differences in the relationship between the spatial configuration and the users' behavior dependent on the Tenant Mix, which is the space planning of shopping mall. It was also possible to find out the characteristics and differences in the users' behavior which is dependent on the spatial configuration for each tenant. Through this study, it was possible to know the impact of space organization on the users' behavior and the interrelationship between the use's behavior and spatial configuration by tenant together with their characteristics. We prove that the current MD planning has limitation due to lack of objective research on the combination and arrangement of space in the commercial space and only done empirically. This analysis can show the practical plan of combination and placement of tenant which is emphasized in complex and larger shopping malls, and contribute to the revitalization of shopping mall by better use of tenant.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.211-221
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• 2016

The human spatial mobility information is in high demand in various businesses; however, there are only few studies on human mobility because spatio-temporal data is insufficient and difficult to collect. Now with the spread of smartphones and the advent of social networking services, the spatio-temporal data began to occur on a large scale, and the data is available to the public. In this work, we compared the movement behavior of residents and tourists by using geo-tagged tweets which contain location information. We chose Seoul to be the target area for analysis. Various creative concepts and analytical methods are used: grid map concept, cells visited concept, reverse geocoding concept, average activity index, spatial mobility index, and determination of residents and visitors based on the number of days in residence. Conducting a series of analysis, we found significant differences of the movement behavior between local residents and tourists. We also discovered differences in visiting activity according to residential countries and used applications. We expect that findings of this research can provide useful information on tourist development and urban development.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.129-136
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• 2015

Korea is changing rapidly from a single-raced nation into a multi-national nation caused by the huge number of immigrants mostly from China, and Southeast Asian countries. Therefore, various social problems are expressed ostensibly, one of them is a difficulty suffered by children of the second generation of multi-cultural families who enroll to elementary schools in Korea. This should be solved urgently as it is predicted to be an unavoidable problem in future. Only by understanding and accepting mutual cultural differences will be the solution to various problems caused by multi-cultural society. This study aims to understand the differences of emotion about the spatial images. This study was target to Korean and Malaysian design students to perform vocabulary appraisals on the spatial images in school health rooms which used to perform various functions for education, counseling, treatment, etc. The emotional vocabularies used at the appraisal for emotion are based on IRI image languages, which were extracted by the experts, and frequency was progressed by the SPSS 12.0 application. The collected data will be compared and analyzed to ensure the reliability.