• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.125-134
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• 2013

Since 2012, the local autonomous governments, under the recommendations regarding cancellation of local committees directing overly-unexecuted urban planning facilities, have tried to prove validity of such facilities. Factors such as specific standards of cancelation process, will execute policies, diversification of local conditions, connectivity to nearby facilities and possible arise of civil complaints, however, all hinder overly-unexecuted urban planning facilities from getting revitalized. Considering that these unexecuted facilities that local governments have to manage increase in number every year, the burden continuously increases for the governments due to the difficulty of setting aside budget for performing validity checks on such facilities. This research aims to analyze the criteria regarding efficient and systematic method on confirming validity of overly-unexecuted urban planning facilities, to establish into several different processes according to defined categories, and to objectify and quantify such standards. Also, using intelligent spatial information such as digital map, LiDAR data and ortho-images, spatial information analysis method suitable for reassessment was chosen and applied to execute validity analysis regarding overly-unexecuted urban planning facilities.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.83-96
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• 2017

This study presented a surface water quality modeling framework considering the spatial resolution of pollutant load estimation to better represent stream water quality characteristics in the Saemangeum watershed which has been focused on keeping its water resources sustainable after the Saemangeum embankment construction. The watershed delineated into 804 sub-watersheds in total based on the administrative districts, which were units for pollutant load estimation and counted as 739 in the watershed, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), and agricultural structures such as drainage canal. The established model consists of 7 Mangyung (MG) sub-models, 7 Dongjin (DJ) sub-models, and 3 Reclaimed sub-models, and the sub-models were simulated in a sequence of upstream to downstream based on its connectivity. The hydrologic calibration and validation of the model were conducted from 14 flow stations for the period of 2009 and 2013 using an automatic calibration scheme. The model performance to the hydrologic stations for calibration and validation showed that the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient (NSE) ranged from 0.66 to 0.97, PBIAS were -31.0~16.5 %, and $R^2$ were from 0.75 to 0.98, respectively in a monthly time step and therefore, the model showed its hydrological applicability to the watershed. The water quality calibration and validation were conducted based on the 29 stations with the water quality constituents of DO, BOD, TN, and TP during the same period with the flow. The water quality model were manually calibrated, and generally showed an applicability by resulting reasonable variability and seasonality, although some exceptional simulation results were identified in some upstream stations under low-flow conditions. The spatial subdivision in the model framework were compared with previous studies to assess the consideration of administrative boundaries for watershed delineation, and this study outperformed in flow, but showed a similar level of model performance in water quality. The framework presented here can be applicable in a regional scale watershed as well as in a need of fine-resolution simulation.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.61-74
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• 2023

The concept of "green infrastructure" emphasizes the close relationship between natural and urban social systems, thereby providing services that protect the ecological environment and improve the quality of human life. The Green View Index(GVI) is an important indicator for measuring the supply of urban green space and contains more 3D spatial elements concerning the green space ratio. This study focused on an area within the Third Ring Road in the city of Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. The purposes of this study were three-fold. First, this study analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of the GVI in urban streets and its correlation with the urban park green space system using Street View image data. Second to analyze the characteristics of low GVI streets were analyzed. Third, to analyze the connectivity between road traffic and street GVI using space syntax were analyzed. This study found that the Street GVI was higher in the southwestern part of the study area than in the northeastern part. The spatial distribution of the street GVI correlated with urban park green space. Second, the street areas with low GVI are mainly concentrated in areas with dense commercial facilities, areas with new construction, areas around elevated roads, roads below Class 4, and crossroads areas. Third, the high integration and low GVI areas were mainly concentrated within the First Ring Road in the city as judged by the concentration of vehicles and population. This study provides base material for future programs to improve the GVI of streets in Chengdu, Sichuan Province.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.15-31
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• 2014

The purpose of this study is to assess the green environment on urban space and to suggest the sustainable green space planning. The study area is Dalseo-gu which has the biggest spatial imbalance of green space among 7 districts of Daegu. Three functions such as nature-ecological, environment-control, and usage function were established for assessing the green environment. For the assessment step of nature-ecological function, 'green connectivity' and 'animal movement' were used. Also,'thermal environment' and 'temperature decrease' were utilized in terms of environment-control function and 'green space's service supply' were utilized in terms of usage function. According to the results of integrated assessment, the green rich zone(Grade I) was 44.8% of total area in Dalseo and this zone was distributed along the southern forest of Mt. Ap and Mt. Biseul and the northern forest of Mt. Gung and Mt. Waryong. On the other hand, the green broken zone(Grade IV) was located in the residential areas of Gamsam and Jukjeon and the residential and industrial areas of Wolseong 1 and Jincheon and this zone was 5.5% of total area. The findings from this study can be used as the plan criteria for construction and distribution of green space in urban master plan.

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2021

It is important to evaluate the fracture network in a rock volume because fractures control the ground conditions and fluid flow characteristics. Therefore, various attempts have been made to quantify fracture networks to better understand ground and flow conditions. The use of fracture density alone (a quantitative parameter based on geometric analysis) does not fully explain the evolution of fracture networks, or quantify the spatial relationship (e.g. connectivity) of fractures in a rock mass. Therefore, the need for fracture network characterization based on topological analysis has recently emerged. In Korea however, the topological analysis of fracture networks within a rock mass has rarely been studied. As such, the definition of the topological analysis of fracture networks and the graph theory related to the topological analysis are briefly summarized in this study. We also introduce an application method for these analyses to fracture characterization. If the topological method is used for the analysis of fracture networks, it can also be adopted to analyze fluid flow characteristics of groundwater, characterize petroleum reservoirs, and analyze the evolution of a fracture network. In addition, topological analysis can be useful for site selection of major facilities such as nuclear waste disposal sites because it can be used to evaluate the stability of the potential sites.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.196-209
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• 2022

This study compared and analyzed the spatial division function and role of partitions by comparing the entire space and the spatial changes before and after the installation of partitions in <Donggwoldo>, which was manufactured in the late Joseon Dynasty. As a research method, a set standard was prepared to decompose the space of <Donggwoldo> into a unit space, and the standard was set according to the role and height of the space by classifying it into a main space, sub space, and transition space. Two convex maps were prepared according to before and after the installation of the Panjang, and the values of connectivity, control, and integration, which are spatial syntax variables, were calculated and analyzed. The results of the study are as follows. First, the partition in <Donggwoldo(東闕圖)> did not affect the overall spatial arrangement and control or connection of Donggwol, but the movement and access of space is limited to specific areas. Second, the partition was a facility intensively distributed in Naejeon(內殿) and Donggung(東宮) to be used actively in the way of space utilization. It shows that the unit space increased rapidly due to the installation of the partition. Since the partition was installed in the spaces that were open and under high control in the case of Naejeon(內殿), it helped to secure private spaces as closed ones under low control. On the other hand, for Donggung(東宮), the spaces were compartmented and divided with the partition to guide the movement path through narrow gates of the partition and increase the depth of the space. This helped to create spaces that are free and can be hidden as it increased the number of spaces coming through. Third, In addition to the functions of "eye blocking, space division, and movement path control" revealed in prior research, the partition has created a "space that is easy to control" within a specific area. The installation of the partition reduced the scale through the separation of spaces, but it occurred the expansion of the movement path and space. Also, the partition functioned to strengthen hiding and closure or increase openness as well through space division. This study is significant in that it revealed the value of the spatial control function of panjang through the analysis of spatial control and depth by analyzing the function of the partition with a mathematical model in addition to the analysis and study of the function and role of panjang. In addition, it is valuable in that it has prepared a framework for analysis tools that can be applied to traditional residential complexes similar to palaces by applying space syntax to <Donggungdo> to create convex spaces according to unit space division and connection types of palace architecture and landscape elements.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2003

Stereo bird's-eyes-view was prepared for 3-dimensional view of various forms of Jecheon city, and 3-dimensional simulation was applied to it so as to show it in moving pictures in spatial. In manufacturing stereo bird's-eyes-view, perspective technology was used in image-making technology, and the basic material images are prepared as fellows: used EOC Images from Arirang-1 satellite, created DEM whose error was optionally geometric corrected after drawn from the contour line of the map on a scale of l/5,000 manufactured by national geography institute as a national standard map, and classified road lines which were manufactured as a road layer vector file of a map on a scale of l/l,000 and then overlay it over the three dimensional image of target area. Especially for the connectivity with address system to be used in new address, an arterial road map on a scale of l/l,000 that had been manufactured to grant new address was used in maximum in road network structure data of city area in this study.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.31-39
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• 2012

Ecosystem and environment have been a serious challenge facing the modern society. It's been the new paradigm from ecological view of the world and the alternative based on Orientalism. From the Oriental standpoint, ecological aesthetics and sustainable architecture are no longer new, which then servers the background of this study. The nature and the space, the life where the human is harmonized and integrated and the wish to make the balance through that life are the basic philosophy which the Orientalism has pursued. Based on such a basic concept, the study is intended to review the connectivity, expression approach and the features in Korean traditional residential space based on previous studies on ecological aesthetics and sustainable architecture. Such attempt is meaningful in seeking the possibility of presenting the new frame as well as forming the various views to the traditional space and spatial recognition. The nature was categorized into tangible element and intangible element and also direct approach and indirect approach before evaluating the characteristics. Sustainable architecture is not the concept to simply maintain or sustain the environment, but plays more important role in economical aspect. Traditional space accommodates the nature and circulation principle and the circulation in the nature controls the energy and enhances the efficiency, playing significant role. The nature itself serves the alternative energy and has the aesthetic element in such a way of concealing itself. This study is intended to analyze the Byulseo Jeongwon which formed many relations with the nature and the residential space, thereby identifying the expression characteristics of eco-aesthetic sustainable architect. This study offers the answers with regard to the coexistence of the expression characteristics of sustainable architecture with the nature, space and the human from eco aesthetic viewpoint as well as the solution in dealing with the ecological and environmental challenges. Furthermore, it suggested the possibility that the traditional space would possibly be succeedable in new and creative way and sought the way for coexistence among the nature, space and human and eco aesthetics, and finally paved the pivotal foundation as the sustainable design alternative in future.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.172-181
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• 2011

Recently, Urban has been innovated through u-City and Smart City. Urban facility management system is developing using the latest IT technology for real-time monitoring and prevention. In this paper, we propose an UOID(Unique Object IDentification), a standard location-based ID system for urban facility object and develop the UOID service system based on network for innovation of urban facility management system. The system has been tested through Test-bed for connectivity and stability. We wish that the proposed UOID and network service system manages u-City facilities effectively and also provides various ubiquitous services to the citizen, one of the integrate service of u-City platform.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.433-441
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• 2010

Multihop transmission is a promising technique that helps in achieving broader coverage (excellent network connectivity) and preventing the impairment of wireless channels. This paper proposes a cluster-based multihop wireless network that makes use of the advantages of multihop relaying, i.e., path loss gain, and partial relay selection in each hop, i.e., spatial diversity. In this partial relay selection, the node with the maximum instantaneous channel gain will serve as the sender for the next hop. With the proposed protocol, the transmit power and spectral efficiency can be improved over those in the case of direct transmission and conventional multihop transmission. Moreover, at a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), the performance of the system with at least two nodes in each cluster is dependent only on the last hop and not on any of the intermediate hops. For a practically feasible decode-and-forward relay strategy, a compact expression for the probability density function of the end-to-end SNR at the destination is derived. This expression is then used to derive closed-form expressions for the outage probability, average symbol error rate, and average bit error rate for M-ary square quadrature amplitude modulation as well as to determine the spectral efficiency of the system. In addition, the probability of SNR gain over direct transmission is investigated for different environments. The mathematical analysis is verified by various simulation results for demonstrating the accuracy of the theoretical approach.