• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제11권5호
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• pp.69-77
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• 1999

A spalling is defined as the damages of concrete exposed to high temperature during the fire by causing cracks and localized bursting of small pieces of concrete. It is reported that spalling is caused by the vapor pressure and polypropylene(PP) fiber has an important role in protecting from spalling. This paper is a study on the properties and spalling resistance of high-performance concrete with the kinds of aggregate and the contents of PP fiber. According to the experimental results, concrete contained no PP fiber take place in the form of the surface spalling and the failure of specimenns after fire test regardless of the kinds of aggregate. Concrete contained more than 0.05% of PP fiber with the aggregate of basalt does not take place the spalling, while the concrete using granite and limestone does the surface spalling. It is found that residual compressive strength after exposed at high temperature has 50~60% of its original strength. Although specimens after exposed at high temperature is cured at water for 28days, they do not recover their original strength.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.85-92
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• 2000

Recently. there has been steadily applied in high-performance concrete using powder type admixture in construction field. It has been reported that high-performance concrete is likely to cause the spalling by fire more seriously due to the dense microstructure. In this paper, spalling properties of high-performance concrete with the kinds of admixture and polypropylene(PP) fiber contents are presented. According to the experimental results concrete contained no PP fiber take place in the form of the surface spalling, regardless of admixture. Concrete contained more than 0.05% of PP fiber and admixture do not take place the spalling, however the concrete using silica fume do spalling. Concrete using blast furnace slag have good performance in spalling resistance. It is found that residual compressive strength has 60~70% of its original strength when spalling do not occur. Although specimens after exposed at high temperature are cured at water for 28days, they do not recover their original strength.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2006년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회 논문집
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• pp.103-106
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• 2006

This study investigates spalling properties of 60MPa class, high performance concrete, made with the various influential parameters, such as, blaine of cement, mineral admixture and polypropylene(PP) fiber contents. Totally 21 parameters of ${\phi}100{\times}200mm$ in size was fabricated; three specimens for variance in blaine of cement, 4 specimens for combination of mineral admixture type, along with 0.05, 0.1, 0.15% of fiber adding ratio. After that, one hour unloading fire test was conducted, and then spalling appearance and spalling degree of specimens was examined. Test showed that a specimen made with high blaine of cement(H) improved early strength but exhibited similar value to a specimen made with low blaine(L) at the age of 28 days, thus indicating comparable spalling appearance. In conclusion, spalling easily occur in higher strength and smaller particle shape of cement and mineral admixture.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2007

고온을 받는 고강도 콘크리트의 폭렬현상을 해석하기 위하여 온도해석, 열응력해석 및 수분이동 해석과 더불어 콘크리트 피복의 박리여부까지 고려하여야 하는 매우 복잡하고 어려운 해석과정이 요구되나 아직 이에 대한 연구가 거의 없는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 수증기 압력을 온도와 피복두께의 함수로서 정의하고 또한 적합조건을 이용함으로써 피복콘크리트의 박리여부를 예측할 수 있는 실용적인 폭렬해석 알고리즘을 개발하였다. 폭렬해석결과 콘크리트 강도가 증가 할수록 PP섬유량이 적을수록 폭렬현상이 심하게 발생하였으며, 이는 기존의 실험결과와 유사한 경향을 나타내어 향후 고강도 콘크리트 내화설계를 위한 폭렬해석 시 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.945-948
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• 2008

내화 성능은 화재에 견디는 부재의 능력을 나타내는 하나의 척도이다. 콘크리트 기둥에서 내화성능은 많은 요인에 영향을 받는데, 주요 인자로는 강도, 밀도, 수분 상태, 화재 강도, 기둥의 크기 및 형상, 철근 상세, 하중 상태 및 골재 형태 등이 있다. 그런데, 고강도 콘크리트는 보통강도 콘크리트에 비하여 폭렬이 쉽게 발생하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그리고 화재 시 고강도 콘크리트 기둥의거동은 이러한 폭렬에 큰 영향을 받는다. 따라서 폭렬제어를 위하여 PP섬유를 혼입하는 방법이 연구되고 있고 건설현장에서 성공적으로 적용되고 있다. 그런데 이러한 고강도 콘크리트의 내화 특성 향상뿐만 아니라 고강도 콘크리트 기둥의 내화 성능 평가 방법의 정립 또한 중요한 문제라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 폭렬이 제어된 고강도 콘크리트 기둥에 대하여 내화 성능 평가 방법에 따라 그 성능의 변화 양상에 대하여 연구를 수행하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2005년도 춘계 학술기술논문발표대회 논문집
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• pp.37-40
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• 2005

High Performance Concrete(HPC) has been widely used in high-rise building. The HPC has several benefits including high strength, high fluidity and high durability. However. spatting is susceptible to occur in HPC and HPC also tends to be deteriorated in the side of fire resistance performance at fire. This paper focuses on the analysis of the temperature history and residual compressive strength with finishing material, in order to protect HPC from sudden-high-temperature, which is one of the main reason spatting occurs. Test results show that spalling occurs in all specimens. The most serious spalling took placed in HPC covering fire enduring spray-on material, whose covering thickness is 20mm but temperature history indicates that fire enduring spray effectively protected HPC from fire for more than 2hours. In addition, residual compressive strength ratio of HPC using fire enduring paint was more than $90\%$ of original strength, thus minimizing spatting and indicating significant fire resistance performance.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2010년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회 2부
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• pp.43-47
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• 2010

The use of high-strength concrete has increased for its excellent structural stability as buildings become higher and bigger than ever before in Korea and overseas recently. The functional requirement of building materials has also been bolstered so for the high -performance, high-quality construction materials to be used more extensively. However, the internal structure of the high-strength concrete is very dense so spalling can be caused during fire. The spalling in turn can cause critical structural damages followed by the fatal consequences, demolition of the building. Therefore, ensuring fire safety for high-rise buildings is assumed to be urgent. Alumino-silicate fire resistant board producing technology has been developed in situations that new materials with excellent fire resistance and easy installation has been sought. The alumino-silicate fire resistant board turned out to exhibit not only fire resistance and excellent physical and dynamical characteristics but also excellent onsite applicability and easy process and transportation after completing Mock-up test. Its excellence as a high-performance building materials was proven.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2009년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회 학계
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• pp.61-64
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• 2009

This study is reviewed fire resistance characteristics of high strength concrete according to changes in PP fiber mixing ratio and type of fine aggregate, and the results can be summarized as follows. As fire resistance characteristics, all plain crushed sands prevented spalling regardless of increase in mixing ratio of PP fiber. Mixtures other than the plain showed satisfactory spalling prevention when 0.05 % or more of PP fiber was mixed. After the fire resistance experiment, the plain showed 5.5 % of mass loss rate when fiber was not mixed and others could not be measured. According to increase in mixing ratio of fiber, river sand with fineness modulus of 2.2 showed most satisfactory result of 34 %${\sim}$42 %. Mass loss rate after fire resistance experiment was most satisfactory at about 10 % in the plain crushed sand without mixing of fiber, and all other mixes with 0.05 % PP fiber or more showed 5${\sim}$10 % loss rate.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2023

본 연구에서는 열화 콘크리트 구조물의 보수 시 현재 범용적으로 사용하고 있는 폴리머 시멘트 모르타르의 내화성능을 확보하기 위한 최적 배합을 도출하고자 폴리머 혼입량(2, 4, 6, 8%)에 따른 PP섬유의 길이(6, 12mm) 및 PP섬유 혼입량(0.05, 0.1Vol%)에 따른 섬유혼입 폴리머 시멘트 모르타르의 내화성능을 평가하였다. 실험결과 함수율 및 폴리머 혼입률이 높을수록 폭렬발생 가능성이 증가하며, PP섬유의 길이가 길고 혼입률이 증가할수록 폭렬저감에 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.597-605
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 동일 설계기준 강도를 목표로 혼화재의 종류 및 치환율을 달리하여 콘크리트 배합설계를 실시하였으며, 이에 따른 혼화재의 종류가 고강도 콘크리트의 내화성능에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 ASTM E119의 표준가열온도 곡선에 따른 내화시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 고로슬래그를 치환하는 경우 폭렬량이 현저히 저감되는 것으로 나타났으며, 실리카흄을 추가하여 치환하는 경우 폭렬량이 가장 많은 것으로 나타났다. 특히 실리카흄을 단독으로 치환하는 경우 비교적 양호한 폭렬량을 나타냈으나, 고로슬래그와 함께 치환한 시험체의 경우 분말도가 높은 실리카흄이 공극을 밀실하게 함으로써 수증기압의 증가로 인해 폭렬량이 증가한 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 실리카흄을 5% 치환한 시험체의 경우, 고로슬래그 치환율이 증가함에 따라 상대적으로 큰 공극량은 감소하고 미세공극량이 증가함으로써 폭렬량 또한 증가하는 결과를 나타냈다.