• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회 제20권2호
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• pp.485-488
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• 2008

터널 화재시 화재강도는 매우 높으며 터널 내부에서 화재 발생은 높은 화재강도에 의해 구조요소인 숏크리트 및 콘크리트 라이닝의 화재 노출표면에서 폭열 발생을 유발시키는 동시에 터널 안정에 있어 중요한 역할을 수행하는 앵커 등의 터널에 매입된 강재 또한 고온의 노출로 인한 열전달로 급격한 응력감소가 발생하게 된다. 따라서 본 실험에서는 화재강도(Modified Hydrocarbon Curve)와 매입된 강재의 내화 유무를 변수로 정하여 콘크리트 라이닝의 내부에 매입된 강재의 열전도를 알아보기 위한 화재시험을 수행하였다. 또한 최근 ITA(International Tunneling Association)에서 연구한 도로 터널내화구조 기준에 따라 강재의 열손상 임계 온도범위를 산정하여 열적 손상 정도를 평가하였다.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.58-65
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• 2013

Currently, many high-rise buildings are built in Korea for land-efficient utilization and vista. In high-rise buildings this tall, the use of high-strength concrete is essential to reduce the cross-section of structure members and secure axial load. However, this high strength concrete is vulnerable to spalling by fire, due to the water vapor pressure caused by the very high temperature in fire. To prevent this, the main method used is to reinforce the concrete with fiber. However, there has been little research on the pumpability of fiber reinforced high strength concrete. For this reason, this study features a performance review based on the properties and pumpability of fiber reinforced high strength concrete. In addition, the parameter of rheology was measured by extracting mortar from the concrete, and friction factor was measured through a 400 m horizontal pipe pumping test using the fiber reinforced high strength concrete. The basic information on fiber reinforced high strength concrete that we obtain through the experiments and review will contribute to the field.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.1193-1219
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the seismic performance of high-rise reinforced concrete (RC) box-type wall structures commonly used for most residential buildings in Korea. For this purpose, an analytical model was calibrated with the results of the earthquake simulation tests on a 1:5 scale 10-story distorted model. This calibrated model was then transformed to a true model. The performance of the true model in terms of the stiffness, strength, and damage distribution through inelastic energy dissipation was observed with reference to the earthquake simulation test results. The model showed high overstrength factors ranging from 3 to 4. The existence of slab in this box-type wall system changed the main resistance mode in the wall from bending moment to tension/compression coupled moment through membrane actions, and increased the overall resistance capacity by about 25~35%, in comparison with the common design practice of neglecting the slab's existence. The flexibility of foundation, which is also commonly neglected in the engineering design, contributes to 30~50% of the roof drift in the stiff direction containing many walls. The possibility of concrete spalling and reinforcement buckling and fracture under the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) in Korea appears to be very low when compared with the case of the 2010 Concepcion, Chile earthquake.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.351-364
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• 2019

Earthquake and fire are both severe disasters for building structures. Since earthquake-induced damage will weaken the structure and reduce its fire endurance, it is important to investigate the behavior of structure subjected to post-earthquake fire. In this paper, steel-concrete composite beam-to-column joints were tested under fire with pre-damage caused by cyclic loads. Beforehand, three control specimens with no pre-damage were tested to capture the static, cyclic and fire-resistant performance of intact joints. Experimental data including strain, deflection and temperature recorded at several points are presented and analyzed to quantify the influence of cyclic damage on fire resistance. It is indicated that the fire endurance of damaged joints decreased with the increase of damage level, mainly due to faster heating-up rate after cyclic damage. However, cracks induced by cyclic loading in concrete are found to mitigate the concrete spalling at elevated temperatures. Moreover, the relationship between fire resistance and damage degree is revealed from experimental results, which can be applied in fire safety design and is worthwhile for further research.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2021

The present study fabricated polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber-reinforced alkali-activated slag/fly ash (AASF) composites with varying mixture ratios of slag and fly ash. The thermomechanical behaviors of the AASF composites exposed to 200, 400, 600, or 800℃ were evaluated by means of compressive strength test, visual observation, and fire resistance tests. X-ray diffractometry, mercury intrusion porosimetry, and thermogravimetry tests were performed to analyze the microstructure change of the AASF composites upon exposure to high temperatures. Specimens exhibited a gradual strength loss up to 600℃, while also showing a significant decrease in the strength above 600℃. The fire resistance test revealed the occurrence of an inflection point as indicated by an increase in the internal temperature at around 200℃. In addition, specimens showed the dehydration of C-S-H gel, the presence of åkermanite, gehlenite, and anorthite upon exposure to 800℃, which is associated with the formation of macropore population with pores having diameters of 1-3 ㎛ and 20-40 ㎛. Visual observation indicated that the PVA fibers mitigated the cracking and/or spalling of the specimens upon exposure to 800℃.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.849-864
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• 2019

One way to achieve sustainable construction is to reduce concrete consumption by use of more sustainable and higher strength concrete. Modern building codes do not cover the use of ultra-high strength concrete (UHSC) in the design of composite structures. Against such background, this paper investigates experimentally the mechanical properties of steel fibre-reinforced UHSC and then the structural behaviors of UHSC encased steel (CES) members under both concentric and eccentric compressions as well as pure bending. The effects of steel-fibre dosage and spacing of stirrups were studied, and the applicability of Eurocode 4 design approach was checked. The test results revealed that the strength of steel stirrups could not be fully utilized to provide confinement to the UHSC. The bond strength between UHSC and steel section was improved by adding the steel fibres into the UHSC. Reducing the spacing of stirrups or increasing the dosage of steel fibres was beneficial to prevent premature spalling of the concrete cover thus mobilize the steel section strength to achieve higher compressive capacity. Closer spacing of stirrups and adding 0.5% steel fibres in UHSC enhanced the post-peak ductility of CES columns. It is concluded that the code-specified reduction factors applied to the concrete strength and moment resistance can account for the loss of load capacity due to the premature spalling of concrete cover and partial yielding of the encased steel section.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.305-311
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• 2020

기존 폴리머 시멘트 모르타르(PCM)는 일반적인 시멘트 모르타르에 비해 부착강도, 휨강도, 내약품성 등의 성능을 향상시킬 수 있어 철근콘크리트(RC)구조물의 보수·보강 시 폭넓게 사용하고 있다. 하지만 PCM은 화재와 같은 고온 환경에서 폭렬발생 가능성이 높아 구조안전성에 문제를 발생시킨다. 본 연구에서는 폭렬저감 PCM 개발을 목적으로 폴리머 혼입률(2%, 4%, 6%), PP 섬유길이(6mm, 12mm, 6+12mm), PP 섬유혼입률(0.05 Vol%, 0.1 Vol%)을 실험인자로 선정하여 전기로 가열실험(600℃, 800℃)을 진행하였다. 폭렬특성을 비교분석한 결과 폴리머 혼입률이 6% 이상인 경우에는 섬유혼입에 따른 폭렬저감 효과를 기대할 수 없었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.223-231
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• 2010

The serious issue of tall building is to ensure the fire-resistance of high strength concrete. The fire resistant finishing method is necessarily essential in order to satisfy the fire resistance time of 3 h required by the law. The fire resistant finishing method is installed by applying a fire resistant material as a method of shotcrete or a fire resistant board to high strength concrete surface. This method can reduce the temperature increase of the reinforcement embedded in high strength concrete at high temperature due to the installation thickness control. This study is interested in identifying the effectiveness of inorganic alumino-silicate compounds including the inorganic admixture such as fly ash and meta-kaolin as the fire resistant finishing materials through the analysis of fire resistance and components properties at high temperature. The study results show that the fire resistant finishing material composed of fly ash and meta-kaolin has the thermal stability of the slight decrease of compressive strength at high temperature. These thermal stability is caused by the ceramic binding capacity induced by alkali activation reaction by the reason of the thermal analysis result not showing the decomposition of calcium hydrate. Inorganic compounds composed of fly ash and meta-kaolin is evaluated to be very effective as the fire resistance material for finishing to protect the concrete substrate by the reason of those simplicity in both application and manufacture. The additional study about the adhesion in the interface with concrete substrate is necessary for the purpose of the practical application.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.95-105
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• 2014

철근콘크리트 쉴드 터널 라이닝은 대형화재 등과 같은 고온에 노출될 경우, 구조체에의 급격한 온도 전달 및 내하력 저하로 구조체 붕괴의 원인이 될 수 있기 때문에 내화성능을 확보해야 한다. 이 연구는 쉴드터널의 프리캐스트 RC 세그먼트 라이닝에 대한 내화성능을 평가하고자 실험/해석적 연구를 수행하였다. 실험적 연구에서는 프리캐스트 RC 세그먼트내의 열적 취약부위를 실험변수로 하여 6개의 실 대형 실험체에 대한 내화실험을 실시하였으며, 화재조건은 RABT 곡선에 의한 온도이력을 이용하였다. 내화실험결과 이 연구에서 제시된 쉴드형 터널의 PP섬유 혼입콘크리트 충전부위는 폭렬이 발생하지 않는 우수한 내화성능을 나타내었다. 해석적 연구에서는 온도의존성을 고려한 재료의 열특성을 고려하여 비정상 유한요소 온도분포해석 기법을 이용하였는데, 실험결과를 잘 모사하는 것으로 검증되었다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.275-281
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• 1994

Mullite ceramics have recently been utilized as ceramic gas filters for high-temperature treatment of solid wastes due to their low thermal expansion coefficient and high refractoriness under load. In this experiment, mechanical, thermal and microstructural properties of porous mullite ceramics, which were used as carriers and high-temperature gas filters in food industry, were investigated as a function of starting raw materials. Porous mullite ceramics showed different microstructures depending on their starting materials. The specimen M2 had excellent resistance to thermal spalling and high mechanical strength. The average pore size varied from 0.3 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ to 16.6 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and porous mullite ceramics fabricated by thermal decomposition of Al(OH)3 had very large pores and broad distribution of pore size.