• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.183-221
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• 2013

While in the early stages of space activities only a few states engaged in the use of outer space, as is well known, commercial space activities have grown dramatically in recent years. Both states, state institutions, and international governmental organizations as well as many private enterprises are engaged in such commercial use of outer space by now. This development is not reflected in the present state of space law. The existing international instruments of space law were developed and finalized before this development and thus only provide very few and sometimes unfitting provisions for the commercial use of outer space and particularly the use by private enterprises. Law formulated in an era when the word "privatization" had not even been coined cannot contain potential problems caused by the increasing commercialization of outer space. For the promotion and further development of such commercial use of outer space it is necessary to clarify and establish the legal framework for such use, because participants will need this information for their future investments in this field. The purpose of this paper is to research and make an analysis of the contents and international regulation of international space commerce, which is rapidly proliferating and to review the process of improvement on national legislations relating to the commercialization of outer space in a few main space advanced countries to make the sustainable progress of commercial space activities project in international society. The legal implications of matters such as international commercial launch services, the liability aspects of such services, intellectual property rights, insurance, product liability insurance and materials processing could one day will be subject to regulated by international space law as well as domestic law. In fact, the question of commercialization is linked to the question of sharing benefits of space activities, and this currently is an agenda item in the Legal Subcommittee of UN COPUOS. Most of developed countries have enacted the national legislation for commercial space activities relating to the development of our space as follows : The National Aeronautic and Space Act of 1958 and the Commercial Space Act of 1998 in the United States, Outer Space Act of 1986 in England, Establishment Act of National Space Center of 1961 in France, Canadian Space Agency Act of 1990 in Canada, Space Basic Act of 2008 in Japan, and Law on Space Activity of 1993 in Russia. Becides there are currently three national legislations relating to space development and commercial space activities in Korea as follows : Aerospace Industry Development Promotion Act of 1987, Outer Space Development Promotion Act of 2005, Outer Space Damage Compensation Act of 2008. Commercial space great promise for the utilization and expansion of human outer space activities but aspring commercial actors must recognize that foreign policy, as well as obligations to the international community as a whole, ensure that commercial space activities will not operate in a legal and regulatory vacuum. As commercial space matures the law and accompanying regulation will most certainly evolve and choose to become participants in the inevitable evolution of law and regulation.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.14 no.2 s.49
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• pp.217-224
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• 2005

The lack of objective decisive criteria and the absence of analyzing tools accrued from the experiments on various types developed from space design process makes it difficult to select and execute alternatives for them. As an attempt of coping with these problems, the aims of this study is to establish space analysis' models and to propose possibility of analyzing models by utilizing the technology of image process. It is now under study in the field of artificial intelligence based on the accomplishment of digital images. This study focused on establishment an analysis model based on accomplished digital images and image processing framework. It helps utilize various processing technologies that are currently in use of image processes, and problems of the study can be supplemented through further follow-up studies. Finally, analysis model can be constructed gradually huge design data in the analogue data to the digital image database and be proposed with index in design or evaluation step.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.92-102
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• 1994

This study examined Public Evaluation for functions of urban open space environment using a marketing strategy called Importance-Performance analysis. 12 main function attributes for urban open space environment were selected 150 respondents were sampled in Taejon city by personal interview. Ratings used mean values from a seven-point scale. Results were then graphically displayed on an easily interpreted two-dimensional 'Action Grid'. Generally Importance Ratings were high, but Performance Ratings were low relatively for various open space environment functions. In air pollution control function the difference was the most large. The results of rating scale analysis indicated repondents' sexual and residence period difference.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.259-264
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• 2007

In this paper, to analyze the initial valued non-homogeneous elastic half space by the scaled boundary analysis, the infinite element approach was introduced. The free surface of the initial valued non-homogeneous elastic half space was mode1ed as a circumferential direction of boundary scaled boundary coordinate. The infinite element was used to represent the infinite length of the free surface. The initial value of material property(elastic modulus) was considered by the combination of the position of the sealing center and the power function of the radial direction. By use of the mapping type infinite element, the consistent e1ements formulation could be available. The performance and the feasibility of proposed approach are examined by two numerical examples.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.75-88
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• 2000

This study is based on the Ecological Design Theories related with the Urban space planning. The purpose of this study is to propose the Urban Space Design Method in consideration of Ecological Environment. To achieve this purpose, Normative Theory Study which means Logical Analysis of Ecological Theories in the new field of Ecological Urban Design, is done in accordance with the object of this study. This results derived of this study are as follows: 1. Six(6)-Ecological Urban Planning Elements related with the purpose of this study, are clarified these are Land-use planning, Transformation planning, Plants and Living-thing Ecological System planning, A Culture planning related with water, Energy and resource planning, and Urban-amenity planning. 2. Urban Space Design Method in consideration of Ecological Environment is porposed by means of the Normative theroy study analysis and contents analysis related with Ecological Urban planning which contain Ecological Planning Elements.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.5 s.67
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• pp.75-84
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• 2006

The aims of this study are to examine the conceptual contents of space diagram, and to find its elements and practical applications by analyzing the UN Studio. The Findings of this study are as follows: firstly, the conceptual contents represented in space diagram are classified into four elements - motif, flow, relationship, and distribution. Secondly, space diagram is used in program development, schematic design, and preliminary design of design process phases. Thirdly, the elements based on the case diagrams include five elements: context analysis, object analysis, time-behavior analysis, modeling analysis, and space analysis. Fourthly, in practical use, diagrams with motif concept is usually used in modeling analysis, and diagram with flow concept is commonly used in the analysis of time-behavior and object. Diagrams with relationship concept is mostly used in space analysis, secondly in analysis of context and modeling. Further, diagrams with distribution concept is usually used in space analysis. If one uses these findings for design projects in practical business or education, it would be helpful in design conception and development as well as of design information structuralization.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3 s.116
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• pp.32-40
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• 2006

We investigated space establishment and land use of children's parks by studying movement of users in and out of the parks with a questionnaire survey, video and analysis, and then analyzed the characteristics of how the facilities and the space of the parte are used. The results are as follows. First, when considering the character of the facilities of children's parks, entertainment facilities should receive priority followed by those for relaxation and those for convenience. When considering the position of facilities in the parks, because activity spaces may have similar functions to multi-purpose paved spaces, common use of these two spaces should be considered. Entrances and lines of movement should be kept in mind. Second, when considering the surrounding land uses, in case a play facility at a large-sized complex or an elementary school is adjacent, the exercise facilities may be more important, followed by play and rest facilities. In case there is a broad path around the parte, the way in which movement occurs into the central axis should be considered so that the other side of the broad way is not included in the children's play space. Third, proper control of roads adjacent to the parse is needed to protect children from danger.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 1999

This study identifies the features of landscape elements on the fifteen districts with the idea of land use area and visual quantity of pictures by analyzing the air photo. Therefore, the sensibility of observer is comprehended through simulating the landscape evaluation and the landscape preference with using slide film. The study is divided into three periods to understand the transition of rural landscape as the social and cultural environments have been changed. The first period is the New Community Movement which affected the rapid change of social and cultural environments. The second and third periods are the prior and post time at the rearrangement of administration district in the Tae-Jeon Broad City. The result of this study is explained below part; 1. The transition of rural landscape has been occurred as the land use pattern has been altered. The change of pattern has affected an increase of the natural space and the structure change of agricultural productive space. 2. In the regression analysis, the regression model of landscape preference and land use ratio show; Landscape preference = 3.632 - 11.618 (Residential Area) - 4.227 (Equipped Farm). The explanation variables defined as Residential Area and Equipped Farm, and the relationship of those factors shows negative. Therefore, the increase of other building will make the rural landscape lower and worse.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2014

To understand urban space and make appropriate plans, the integrative analyses considering road and land use simultaneously are required. In addition, studies that involve both horizontal and vertical spaces must be taken into consideration. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to conduct a classification analysis of road network-based land use considering spatial structure. The methods of this study were as follows; first, a space syntax theory considering the structure of road network was introduced for roads. For land use, to consider both horizontal and vertical development densities of residential and commercial buildings were used. And the explanatory power of three variables-Euclidean distance, global integration and length-reflected global integration-were compared. Third, based on road as an appropriate variable, modified-IPA was conducted with land use and the results were categorized into four areas. The proposed method was applied to Gangnam-gu, a CBD area in Seoul, and results were analyzed and visualized using GIS.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.34
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• pp.149-156
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• 2002

This study intends to acquire objective models for basic quantitative analysis of pattern and space through image-recognition technique, and verify the effectiveness of such acquired models. Many experiments showed that the recognized result can be varied depending on the different viewpoints and the analysis based on the single-viewpoint images does not provide objectivity. The experiment using multi-viewpoint image models, which was attempted as an alternative for the disadvantages, showed the recognition similar to that of the actual model. Especially, images generated at laboratory using miniature model may be useful in comparing and understanding plural number of patterns. The models that have been acquired using such images may be hard to use in acquiring images for analyzing actual building patterns or indoor space, although they may be useful in pattern analysis using miniature model. The disadvantage, however, can be supplemented with panorama VR and C. G. simulation technique. Steady researches are required on the application of visual information to the image recognition principle and the model for quantitative analysis of pattern and space in addition to the research on the construction of the model that can be used in comparing and analyzing not only form and space but also miniature models.