• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2018

Prairie style houses in first stages of Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture activity pay a leading role in the process of house modernization as reflecting social and economic circumstances of the time based on traditional house style of the States. Wright's first work after retiring from L. Sullivan's office, Winslow house in 1983 is pioneering work predicting prairie house. This is because this house has only one modern architecture language of Wright and follow no style prevailing of the time. So, a researcher analyse Winslow house within the framework of functional thinking and new formative value creation in the modernization process of western house. Through this, The goal of this study is to find out modern characteristics and the meaning of Winslow house in modernization process prior to the 1900s. Firstly, the followings are modern characteristics of Winslow house. First, Winslow house has original planning breaking from custom based on modern functional and reasonable thoughts, and has practical space reflecting resident's inner demand. Second, Winslow house has modern new plastic value through original exterior breaking from custom and integrated shape of inner-outer space and structure. Secondly, the followings are the meaning of Winslow house in modernization process prior to the 1900s. First, Wright intend to suggest directions of residence modernization through Winslow house before designing Prairie style houses in earnest. Second, mixing of modern vocabulary and eclecticism show a sign of residence modernization process on the time. Third, inner-outer flowing space, opening space concept of Winslow house has innovative meanings predicting spacial characteristics of modern architecture.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.15 no.3 s.56
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• pp.33-39
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• 2006

This paper describes Modernization of the public dwelling focused on DK type standard plan during 1950's. in Japan. Shortage of the dwelling stated after World War II, inferior housing environment, required the re-reflection of a dwelling and a life system succeeded to traditionally As a result, it was going to solve a principle application of a new life style for a demand of a development process of the modernization through DK type standard plan. Although it was thought that the modernization process of the public dwelling Japan had aimed at Westernization, it turned out that modernization was developed according to the peculiar housing culture system of Japan. As for it, in the planning stage of DK plan, although known with the public and private space for which the Western-like element was generally accommodated by modernization processes, such as closing-izing of space, and specialization of a function, generally, succession of a traditional element and a modernistic change of that are seen. Moreover, it can be said that Westernization was transcended and peculiar localization of Japan was fixed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

A house is basic unit of human being living space and it reflects an occupation, family relation, a life style and sense of value of resident. To analyze of modernization process the rural house in Japan diversely and systematically, this study examined the elements and characteristics of changing floor plan in house through field studies and residential interviewing about the rural house of Miyashiro, Saitama pref. in Japan. The results of this study are as follow. First, the traditional TANOJI type changed into NAKAROUKA and TSUZUKIMA type on modernizing process. Second, Toma is an important space of farmhouse. It is succeeded with the element, which is the possibility of knowing the remnant of traditional element from modern rural house. Third, the cause of changing floor plan is a narrow and small space by growth of children. That is the most factor of changing house deterioration of equipments and necessity of children's space.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.1686-1690
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• 2004

Railway stations consist of site, structure, skin, services, space and stuff. The depth of modernization will depend on which of these layers is defective, and on the degree to which the layers are embedded. Stations function as circulation spaces, operational premises, commercial premises and beacons. The type of modernization will depend both on the functions, and on the social (and financial) benefits to be gained by improving the performance of each function. Modernization will bring stations up-to-date, and enabling them to deliver optimal performance.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.119-126
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• 2021

The study develops methodological aspects for modeling the determining impact of modernization on the enterprise's economic security in development competitive conditions using the model of speed, stability and spaciousness of modernization. Modeling the determining impact of modernization on the enterprise's economic security in a competitive conditions involves: firstly, the formation of estimated modeling indicators in accordance with the speed, stability and spaciousness of the enterprise's modernization; secondly, establishing the weight of indicators in the assessment system using the tools of cognitive judgment; thirdly, the establishment of reference values of sound evaluation indicators; fourthly, the calculations of the integrated impact assessment of the modernization's determining impact modeling on the enterprise's ensuring economic security in a competitive conditions; fifthly, conducting calculations and analytical summarization of the results. To determine a comprehensive integrated indicator of the modernization changes impact on the competitiveness and economic security of enterprises, we use the correlation method of the calculated value with the reference value, as well as use weights for groups of calculations. Approbation of modeling of determining influence of modernization on maintenance of economic safety of the enterprise in competitive conditions of development by authors was carried out concerning such enterprises, as: JSC "Ukrzaliznytsia", SE "Ukraerorukh", SE IA "Boryspil", SE "Ukrposhta", KP "Kyivpastrans".

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.44-55
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to suggest educational specification describing the school facilities necessary for operating educational curricula in relation to modernization of school facilities. It is required to make out the educational specification as one of procedures needed for driving the modernization of school facilities. The specification, however, has not made out yet in Korea. Educational specification is composed of followings: (1) organization of committee of educational specification, (2) site for a school and land to be expropriated, (3) guideline to form and operate curricula, (4) requisites to form space for school facilities, and (5) plan and process to construct school. Various methods such as literature study, questionnaires survey, workshop, interviews, etc. were utilized to develop educational specification.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.6 no.8
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• pp.49-56
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• 2006

Urban cmmunity films have achieved the industrial modern society's idiosyncrasy Popular films have achieved the industrial growth through city as the completion of modernization. They also have represented the social meaning of urban space, and have expanded 'their political space' This filmic challenge showed diverse negative factors which were the poor's economical difficulties, the relative robbery of their education and job, and adhered class in city through developing the urban space with were hidden beyond modernity's splendor.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2012

Ever since China declared its economic reform and opening up policies in the late 1970s, it has been under rapid change. The modernization process of China's history and society was in progress at a pace far too fast in the middle of the 20th century, and housing sector was no exception. This study is based on the houses showing enough changes of modernization process in the rural area, and with a comparative analysis based on the field survey data conducted respectively in the present decade, considered the architectural elements and changing aspects of housing lifestyle. This paper will explore (1) The changes and the status of the members of the village, (2) The changes and the status of the structures, (3) The changes and the status of the main areas of housing, (4) The changes and the status of the heating system and the kitchen that crucially affects the space size among the housing facilities, and (5) The changes and the status of the bathroom. Through this analysis, this paper will firstly look at how traditional rural houses has been changed under the modernization process, and will objectively evaluate the modernization process of the traditional rural houses so that it will help find a way of improving China's rural houses in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.44 no.8
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• pp.181-198
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to understand modernization process of korean housing during the past one century. To following up the changes of everyday lives of common peoples, magazines, news papers, tourist's records and gossip items were collected and interpreted from the microscopic point of view. In this study arguments on 'modernity' of korean housing was focused on some issues, thus, separation, differentiation, individualization, as well as privatization. Concrete discourses are; firstly, spatial isolation of housing and urban place each other, secondly, functional division of inner spaces of housing, and lastly, guarantee of privacy sphere. Historical changes of housing showed some meaningful phenomena. Before modernization housing was place of reproduction and consume at the same time. However after modern urban space came into existence and work and rest were separated, housing gained only mono function. Thus, housing have only one meaning as private place for nuclear family, that is "Home, Sweet Home." Instead of past multi-functional rooms, functional prescribed rooms, for example, dinning room, were newly born. In the past, the boundary between public and private sphere was not clear. For examples, everyday experiences of family were extended to the street and in the house in most cases spaces were shared. But after modernization the scale of individual spaces become larger and private life can be secured. Consequently, history of everyday life from traditional agricultural society to industrialized modern society demonstrates the structural context between the micro and macro dimension in the fields of human life. In other words, everyday lives and macro history response each other and create new perception of time-space structure in the modern housing.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.23 no.5 s.77
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• pp.63-77
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to examine the changes and the characteristics of the attitudes toward children and spaces provided for them. by analyzing people's daily lives in housing spaces and architects' floor plans between the 1920s and the 1960s. Different kinds of data were obtained from a variety of early literature, research reports, newspaper articles, historical documents, and magazines from the period. Findings of this study are as follows: 1. Before modernization in Korea, children had been regarded as immature persons. Confucian ideas of children viewed them as 'small adults' or 'immature adults.' Thus spaces for children's daily lives were neither differentiated from those of the adults' nor deemed important. However, since the Western invasions and colonization by Japan, a remarkable change in the attitudes toward children took place. Children began to be considered a hope for the future as well as members of modem families. In addition, the introduction of the new word, 'eorini (children),' by Mr. Bang Jeonghwan, brought about a significant change in social consciousness of children. 2. The appearance of 'adongshil (children's room)' on architects' floor plans, which was a result of the social critique against androcentrism during the l930s and 1940s, was highly meaningful. The new floor plans not only emphasized rationalization of the space but also upgraded the children's status in the family. 3. Since the liberation (1945), children's space was differentiated from parental spare by the introduction of private rooms and shared spaces. The privacy of each generation was expressed by the division, and the generations were considered equal in this space distribution. In conclusion, the appearance of children's rooms required conflict-laden changes of social ideals and of the family system. It also was a symbol of modernization.