• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.29 no.1
• /
• pp.161-198
• /
• 2014

The idea of creating an International Space Exploitation Agency (tentative title: hereinafter referred to ISEA) is only my academic and theoretical opinion. It is necessary for us to establish ISEA as an international organization for the efficient and rapid exploitation of natural resources in the moon and other celestial bodies. The creation of ISEA as a new international organization is based on the Article 11, 5 and Article 18 of the 1979 Moon Agreement. In order to create it as a preliminary procedure, it needs to make the Draft for the Convention on the Establishment an ISEA among the space-faring countries. The main contents of this paper is composed of (1) introduction, (2) joint exploitation of the natural resources (Heliumn-3, etc.) in the moon and ISEA, (3) activities for the exploitation of moon and other celestial bodies by the space-faring powers, (4) legal problems and Solution for the exploitation and mining rights of the natural resources in the moon, mars and celestial bodies, (5) procedure of creating an ISEA, (6) the principal points that need to be included in the draft for the ISEA convention, (7) conclusion. The creation of an ISEA would lead to a strengthening of the cooperation among the States deemed essential by the global community towards joint undertakings in space and would act as a catalyst for the efforts on the exploitation of the natural resources moon, mars, Venus, Mercury and other celestial bodies and allow resources, technology, manpower and finances to be centrally managed in an independent fashion to the benefit of the space-faring countries. It is desirable and necessary for us to create ISEA in order to promote cooperation in the field of space policy, law, science technology and industry etc. among the space-faring countries. The creation of the ISEA will be promoted the international cooperation among the space-faring countries in exploration and exploitations of the natural resources in the moon, Mars, Venus, Mercury and other celestial bodies. Finally, it should be noted that the political drive will be necessary not only to set up the organization ISEA, but also study a subsequent measures. It is also necessary for us to create the ISEA in order to develop the space industry, to strengthen friendly relations and to promote research cooperation among the space-faring countries based on the new ideology and creative ideas. If the heads (president or prime minister) of the space super-powers including the UNCOPUOS will be agreed to establish ISEA at a summit conference, 1 believe that it is possible to establish an ISEA in the near future.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.9-43
• /
• 2005

The Korean government established her first "National Space Program" in 1996, and revised it in 2000 and 2005. As embedded in the National Space Program, Korea aims to become one of the world's top countries in space technology by 2010. All of 13 satellites are planned to be put into orbit as schematized, which include 7 multi-purpose satellites, 4 science satellites and 2 geostationary orbit satellites. The Space Center in Korea is to be built at Woinara-Do, Bongrae-Myon, Koheung-Goon, Junlanam Province on the southern coast of the Korean peninsular. The first phase of the construction of the space center will be finished by 2007 for launch of KSLV-l. This will make Korea be the 13th advanced country in space development having a launching site in the world. The "Space Center" will serve as the infrastructure for the development of space technology and related technology, and plan to launch a low earth orbit satellite in 2007. A second science satellite made in Korea will be launched from the space center by 2007. From 2010, the center will be operated on a commercial basis operating launch facilities for low-to mid-altitude orbit satellites. Since the 'Aircraft Industry Promotion Act' was replaced by the 'Aerospace Industry Development Promotion Acf of 1987, this Act had been amended seven times from 1991 year to 2004. Most of developed countries has been enacted the space law including the public or private items such as an (1)DSA, (2)Russia, (3)the United Kingdom, (4)Germany, (5)France, (6)Canada, (7)Japan, (8)Sweden, (9)Australia, (10)Brazil, (11)Norway, (12)South Africa, (13)Argentina, (14)Chile, (15)Ukrainian etc. As the new Space Exploration Promotion Act was passed by the resolution of the Korean Congress on May 3, 2005, so the Korean government has made the public proclamation the abovementioned Act on May 31, this year. This Act takes effect on December 1, 2005 after elapsing six months from the date of promulgation. The main contents of Space Exploration Promotion Act of 2005 is as the following (1)establishing a basic plan for promoting space exploration, (2)establishment and function of national space committee, (3)procedure and management of domestic and international registration of space objects, (4)licensing of launch by space launch vehicles, (5)lability for damages caused by space accidents and liability insurance, (6) organizing and composition of the space accident investigation committee, (7)Support of non-governmental space exploration project, (8)Requesting Support and Cooperation of Space Exploration, (9)Rescue of Astronauts and Restitution of Space Objects, etc.. In oder to carry out successfully the medium and long basic plan for promoting space exploration and to develope space industry in Korea, I think that it is necessary for us to enlarge and to reorganize the function and manpower of the Space Technology Development Division of the Ministry of Science & Technology and the Korea Aerospace Research Institute. Korea has been carrying out its space program step by step according to the National Space Program. Korea also will continually strengthen the exchange and cooperation with all the countries in the world under the principle of equality, friendship relations and mutual benefits. Together with all other peoples around the globe, Korea will make due contribution towards the peaceful utilization of space resources and promotion of human progress and prosperity.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.24 no.2
• /
• pp.139-161
• /
• 2009

The idea of establishing an International Court of Air and Space Law (hereinafter referred to ICASL) is only my academic and practical opinion as first proposal in the global community. The establishment of the International Court of Air and Space Law can promote the speed and promote fairness of the trial in air and space law cases. The creation of an ICASL would lead to strengthening of the international cooperation deemed essential by the global community towards joint settlement in the transnational air and space cases, claims and would act as a catalyst for the efforts and solution on aircraft, satellite and space shuttle's accidents and cases and all manpower, information, trial and lawsuit to be centrally managed in an independent fashion to the benefit of global community. The aircraft, satellite and spacecraft's accidents attributes to the particular and different features between the road, railway and maritime's accidents. These aircraft, satellite and spacecraft's accidents have incurred many disputes between the victims and the air and space carriers in deciding on the limited or unlimited liability for compensation and the appraisal of damages caused by the aircraft's accidents, terror attack, satellite, space shuttle's accidents and space debris. This International Court of Air and Space Law could hear any claim growing out of both international air and space crash accidents and transnational accidents in which plaintiffs and defendants are from different nations. This alternative would eliminate the lack of uniformity of decisions under the air and space conventions, protocols and agreements. In addition, national courts would no longer have to apply their own choice of law analysis in choosing the applicable liability limits or un-limit for cases that do not fall under the air and space system. Thus, creation of an International Court of Air and Space Law would eliminate any disparity of damage awards among similarly situated passengers and shippers in nonmembers of air and space conventions, protocols, agreements and cases. Furthermore, I would like to explain the main items of the abovementioned Draft for the Convention or Statute of the International Court of Air and Space Law framed in comparison with the Statute of the International Court of Justice, the Statue of the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea and the Statute of the International Criminal Court. First of all, in order to create the International Court of Air and Space Law, it is necessary for us to legislate a Draft for the Convention on the Establishment of the International Court of Air and Space Law. This Draft for the Convention must include the elected method of judges, term, duty and competence of judge, chambers, jurisdiction, hearing and judgment of the ICASL. The members of the Court shall be elected by the General Assembly and Council of the ICAO and by the General Assembly and Legal Committee of the UNCOPUOS from a list of persons nominated by the national groups in the six continent (the North American, South American, African, Oceania and Asian Continent) and two international organization such as ICAO and UNCOPUOS. The members of the Court shall be elected for nine years and may be re-elected as one time. However, I would like to propose a creation an International Court of Air and Space Law in extending jurisdiction to the International Court of Justice at the Hague to in order to decide the air and space convention‘s cases. My personal opinion is that if an International Court on Air and Space Law will be created in future, it will be settled quickly and reasonably the difficulty and complicated disputes, cases or lawsuit between the wrongdoer and victims and the injured person caused by aircraft, satellite, spacecraft's accidents or hijacker and terrorists etc. on account of deciding the standard of judgment by judges of that’s court. It is indeed a great necessary and desirable for us to make a new Draft for the Convention on a creation of the International Court of Air and Space Law to handle international air and space crash litigation. I shall propose to make a new brief Draft for the Convention on the Creation of an International Court of Air and Space Law in the near future.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.313-374
• /
• 2020

The idea of creating a new International Space Agency (ISA) is only my academic and practical opinion. It is necessary for us to establish ISA as an international organization for the efficient and rapid exploitation of natural resources in the moon, Mars and other celestial bodies. The establishment of ISA as a new international regime is based on the Article 11, 5 and Article 18 of the 1979 Moon Agreement. In order to establish as a preliminary procedure, it needs to make a "Draft for the Convention on the Establishment of an International Space Agency" among the space-faring countries. In this paper, I was examined the domestic space legislation in the United States, Luxembourg, European Space Agency, China, Japan, the Republic of Korea as well as space exploration and planning of the moons, Mars, Asteroids, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, Titan and Other Celestial Bodies. The creation of an ISA would lead to a strengthening of the cooperation needed essentially by the developed countries towards joint and cooperative undertakings in space and would act as a catalyst for the space exploration and exploitation of the moon, Mars and other celestial bodies. It will be managed effectively and centrally the exploitation and exploitation of space the natural resources, technology, manpower and finances as an independent organization in order to get the benefit of the space developed countries by ISA. It is desirable and necessary for us to establish ISA in order to promote cooperation in space policy, law, science technology and industry among the space developed countries in the near future. The establishment of the ISA will be promoted the international cooperation among the space-faring countries in exploration and exploitations of the natural resources in the moon and other celestial bodies. I would propose the "Draft for the Convention for the Establishment of an International Space Agency." in refering the "Convention for the Establishment of a European Space Agency." This "Draft for the Convention Convention for the Establishment of an ISA" must pass the abovementioned "Draft for the Convention" by two-third majority of Diplomatic Conference in the UNCOPUOS. Finally, a very important point is need that a political drive at the highest level and a solemn statement by heads of state of the space devloped countries including the United Nations for the space exploitation of the medium and long term. It should be noted that this political drive will be necessary not only to set up the organization, but also during a subsequent period. It is desirable and necessary for us to establish the ISA in order to develop the space industry, to strengthen friendly relations and to promote research cooperation among the space-faring countries based on the new ideology and creative ideas. If the heads of the superpowers including the United Nations will be agreed to establish ISA at a summit conference, 1 am sure that it is possible to establish an ISA in the near future.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.33 no.3
• /
• pp.31-54
• /
• 2022

This study is to suggest the direction of the spatial change of the university library based on the trend of the spatial change in the university libraries and a survey on the perception of the librarians. For this purpose, the characteristics of the spatial change of the university libraries from 2000 to 2020 were analyzed, and the problems of the spatial change of the university libraries were identified through a survey. As a result of the survey, there was a total of 99 spatial changes in the university libraries nationwide over the past 20 years, including new construction, extension and remodeling. In recent years, it was found that due to the university's budget tightening policy, the university libraries focus on remodeling rather than new construction or extension. The characteristics of the spatial change were analyzed as follows. First, the resting areas have been expanded in the libraries. Second, The libraries are in pursuit of pleasant and comfortable atmosphere. Third, the libraries aim to establish an innovative and creative space. All these changes have been made in order to accommodate the requests of users and increase the number of users. It was also found that spatial change has advantages in these two points: providing various spaces and increasing the number of library visitors. On the other hand, spatial change has the problems such as the increased cost of maintaining the facility and the lack of management manpower. Additionally, a few more problems of spatial change are pointed out: first, spatial change only reflects the trend of the times without making a big change in the services and the actual value of the university library. Second, it has made university libraries standardized losing each library's own characteristics. This study suggests that the spatial change of the university library should secure the distinctiveness of the university library, accommodate various changes, and aim for the symbolism that can prove the value and existence of the university library.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
• /
• v.19
• /
• pp.659-668
• /
• 2015

The Korean education program and environment do not meet the increasing demand of daycare by facility, manpower, and budget deficits although Korea has also been interested in the convergent human resource with integrated ideas by creative education since the introduction of the Nuri curriculum for 5 year old children in 2011. Thus, the purpose of this study is to establish the preschool education program and design the proper space for developing the creativity of children. The procedure of this study is as follows. First, this study proposes the direction for establishing the daycare programs after examining the existing Korean daycare facilities and programs based on documented references about designs for daycare facilities. Second, this study proposes the program plans based on the framework establishment for developing preschool education programs by combination of 5 types of children's behavior on play and 5 types of formative principles for creative education with play. Third, this study proposes the direction of designs and conditions of daycare facilities for effectively managing the programs previously mentioned. As a result of theprocedure, this study comprehensively delineates the education program models and space plans for developing the creativity of Korean children, and suggests the necessity of development model of continuous education program by establishment of frameworks and the significance of space for effectively managing the model.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
• /
• v.47 no.3
• /
• pp.147-154
• /
• 2023

This study aims to determine the necessity, role, utilization, and operation and management plan in relation to the underwater space platform where humans can newly reside. It provides a comprehensive opinion on the need for creating undersea space and operation plans based on opinions of industry-university-affiliated organizations involved in the R&D project of the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries for the utilization of undersea space and external experts participating in marine technology development. In this study, a survey was conducted on researchers participating in the construction of a Korean submarine space platform. FGI was conducted on marine technology development experts. Results were then derived. As a result of the analysis, the need for subsea space construction was found to be high. As for the role of subsea space, the most common opinion was to develop technology for utilizing subsea space and to secure marine science research functions. It was found that the creation of subsea space would have a positive impact on the domestic industry, especially the deep-sea development industry and the shipbuilding/offshore structure industry. In terms of utilization, after the end of the seabed space test bed, the response to utilization as a marine observation base and marine ecosystem research had the highest proportion. As for expected inconvenience, discomfort in the psychological environment was the highest. Experts suggest that securing a continuous budget is most important for stable operation in the future and that securing a manpower budget is essential for itemized budgets. In addition, it was judged that it would be appropriate to establish a prior agreement from the time of the prior agreement and prepare a countermeasure before proceeding with the project in order to ensure ownership issues, consignment management issues, and cost issues when using the project after the end of the project.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.15 no.4
• /
• pp.548-559
• /
• 2019

Purpose: Analysis method of V2I data driven motorway service area usage behavior to cope with manpower survey. Method: Segmentation of traveling state group and boundary using the distribution characteristics of traveling speed data of individual vehicles. Result: As a result of the verification, the use rate of resting places in lunchtime surged, and the boundary between the distribution status of the traffic speed data was clearly or unclear. Conclusion: The effect of the cost reduction is big because it can cope with the use of rest area survey by manpower and there is no limit in the time and space range of investigation. The dynamic utilization rate of each time sequence, such as a service area/drowsiness shelter/simple service area, with a V2I system, can be calculated. Identify illegal parking on highway section. Identify the unexpected situation in the road section. Identify the real-time service area utilization rate and congestion information.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
• /
• s.33
• /
• pp.203-221
• /
• 2013

While visual industry of the 21st century is becoming higher value-added industry, animation which is a representative genre of visual industry is also developed to the industry focused by government. Korea and China also pursue the development of animation as government executed animation industry promotion policy after the 2000s. However, its results are still under the expectation. Korea hopes advance of Chinese market because of the limitation of market and China is also one of the markets we want to grow together due to the vitalization of Korean visual market. Therefore, if examining characteristics of Korean and Chinese animation industry which is still influenced by government policy and analyzing characteristics of government policies of two countries so as to seek measures to exchange each other with mutual confidence, Korea showed manufacture supporting policies focusing on creation and design, but China focuses on support policies grasping markets of animation and establishing the space for production. Now, it has been about 10 years and Korean market of animation is unstable and it's difficult to release new manpower because of the insufficient space of creation. But, China secured animation market and established creation space in every region of the whole country, but there are not desirable outcomes because of the limitation of materials and characters and insufficient factors of designing and creation. If trying collaboration or joint production and sharing the market by utilizing characteristics of Korean and Chinese animation, both of two countries will obtain better outcomes.

• Journal of Korean Society of Disaster and Security
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.29-38
• /
• 2021

Riverfront facilities are river space facilities used by citizens for the rest and convenience. Recently, although the importance of efficient maintenance of riverfront facilities is increasing, damaging facilities cases are increasing due to frequent floods. Currently, the inspections and diagnosis of river space facilities are limited to the main flood control facilities. And the standards for the maintenance and management of the riverfront facilities are insufficient. Utilization survey, which is the standard for managing river space facilities, is also inefficient in terms of manpower consumption and economic feasibility. This study uses mobile big data to classify river usage and conducts a survey for usability of river facilities to derive economic evaluation for usage performance. In the future, if economical method system that considers safety, usability, and durability is conducted and demanding analysis for each convenience facility is evaluated, it is expected that the efficient maintenance of riverfront facilities is perfomed better and the use of rivers by citizens will further increase.