• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.75-88
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• 2020

Given the development of information technology, various methods for efficient information delivery have been constructed as the method of delivering product information moves from offline and 2D to online and 3D. These attempts not only are about delivering product information in an online space where no real product exists but also play a crucial role in diversifying and revitalizing online shopping by providing virtual experiences to consumers. 360 product image is a photorealistic VR that allows a subject to be rotated and photographed to view objects in three dimensions. 360 product image has also attracted considerable attention considering that it can deliver richer information about an object compared with the existing still image photography. 360 product image is influenced by divergent production factors, and accordingly, a difference emerges in the responses of users. However, as the history of technology is short, related research is also insufficient. Therefore, this study aimed to grasp the responses of users, which vary depending on the type of products and the number of source images in the 360 product image process. To this end, a representative product among the product groups that can be frequently found in online shopping malls was selected to produce a 360 product image and experiment with 75 users. The emotional responses to the 360 product image were analyzed through an experimental questionnaire to which the semantic classification method was applied. The results of this study could be used as basic data to understand and grasp the sensitivity of consumers to 360 product image.

• Archives of design research
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.243-254
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• 2003

The aim of this study is to analyze the skylights and roof structures designed by Marie Botta from the viewpoint of the space, the form and the light source, and thus to find out their characteristics. For this purpose, his 13 major works were selected and analyzed according to the principle of design, which could explain the characteristics of skylight and roof structures sufficiently. Trough this study, the followings are realized. 1) The skylights are the main light source in the interiors of his buildings that are comparatively dark, being enclosed by thick materials such as bricks. The roof structures have been precisely designed to disperse the light effectively 2) The skylight and roof structures play the role of form-creating elements in his buildings. They create the unique images for the exteriors and endow form to the interiors. 3) The skylight also serves as a window to communicate with nature outside. Through the skylight, people in his buildings are able to perceive the flow of time and enjoy the scenery of the sky. 4) The light that showers through the skylight and adjusted by roof structures produces special atmosphere in his projects. In his interiors, people can experience a somewhat miraculous and sacred feeling with the light from above. 5) The skylight has meaning as a symbol. It symbolize the relationship between the earth and the sky. Also, in religious projects, a skylight provides a symbolic vision of Heaven for Christians. Comparing with recent works presented in our country, which emphasize simple interiors using artificial light, Botta's works suggest another form of design differentiated from the works of our designers in that Botta's works not only take advantage of natural light by using skylights and roof structures but also utilize them as form-creating elements.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.41-47
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• 2011

Purpose : To evaluate the cause of internal jugular vein (IJV) obstruction on contrast enhanced 3D MR angiography (CE-MRA) using contrast enhanced computed tomography (CE-CT). Materials and Methods : A total number of 30 patients were enrolled, who underwent both head and neck CE-MRA and CE-CT from 2005 to 2008. We defined obstruction group which had IJV obstruction and control group which had no IJV obstruction on CE-MRA. The following parameters were measured from axial images of CE-CT: 1) diameter of IJV; 2) distance between the styloid process and ipsilateral lateral mass of the atlas; 3) maximum area of lateral mass of the atlas. Each parameter was compared between obstruction group and control group. Results : The diameter of IJV and distance between the styloid process and lateral mass of the atlas at IJV obstruction side in obstruction group were $1.6{\pm}1.0\;mm$ and $4.1{\pm}2.1\;mm$ respectively, which resulted in statistical significance (p<0.01). The maximum area of lateral mass of the atlas at IJV obstruction side in obstruction group was $103.4{\pm}25.3\;mm^2$ which is significantly larger than in control group (p<0.05). Conclusion : We found that the cause of IJV obstruction on CE-MRA could be narrow space between the styloid process and the lateral mass of the atlas, which was related with asymmetric larger area of lateral mass of atlas.

• Journal of KIISE:Computer Systems and Theory
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2005

Recently, the MPEG-7 standard a multimedia content description standard is wide]y used for content based image/video retrieval systems. However, since the descriptors standardized in MPEG-7 are usually multidimensional and the problem called 'Curse of dimensionality', previously proposed indexing methods(for example, multidimensional indexing methods, dimensionality reduction methods, filtering methods, and so on) could not be used to effectively index the multimedia database represented in MPEG-7. This paper proposes an efficient multimedia data indexing mechanism reflecting the characteristics of MPEG-7 visual descriptors. In the proposed indexing mechanism, the descriptor is transformed into a histogram of some attributes. By representing the value of each bin as a binary number, the histogram itself that is a visual descriptor for the object in multimedia database could be represented as a bit string. Bit strings for all objects in multimedia database are collected to form an index file, bitmap index, in the proposed indexing mechanism. By XORing them with the descriptors for query object, the candidate solutions for similarity search could be computed easily and they are checked again with query object to precisely compute the similarity with exact metric such as Ll-norm. These indexing and searching mechanisms are efficient because the filtering process is performed by simple bit-operation and it reduces the search space dramatically. Upon experimental results with more than 100,000 real images, the proposed indexing and searching mechanisms are about IS times faster than the sequential searching with more than 90% accuracy.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.451-455
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• 2001

Objectives : There have been several studies documenting the changing level of the conus throughout infancy and childhood, but there is only a little detailed study that documents the range of conus positions in a living adult population, especially in Korean, without spinal deformity. Methods : we made a sequential study of magnetic resonance images of the lumbar spine to determine the variation in position of the conus medullaris in 650 living korean adults population without spinal deformity who checked MRI to identify the cause of low back pain. The study population consisted of patients over the age of 16 years. A T1-weighted, midline, sagittal image was reviewed for identifying the postion of conus. This location was recorded in relation to the upper, middle, or lower third of the adjacent vertebral body or the adjacent intervertebral disc. Results : The study group consisted of 305 men(47%) and 345 women(53%) with a mean age 45.9 years(range, 16-79 years). The conus existed commonly at the middle third of L1(131cases, 20.2%), at the L1-2 intervertebral space(129cases, 19.8%), and the lower third of L1(123cases, 18.9%). The mean position of conus was the lower third of L1(range, middle third of T12 to middle third of L3). Conclusions : The mean position of conus was at the lower third of L1(range, middle third of T12 to middle third of L3). This results was same as that of foreign study. Our results of living korean adult population could allow for safe clinical procedures such as lumbar puncture, spinal anesthesia, and help to explain the differences among observed neurologic injuries from fracture-dislocation at the thoracolumbar junction.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.27-35
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• 2018

In the mandatory application of the CPTED, only negative parts of urban parks and vegetation were reflected. Therefore, this study tries to present the positive effects of urban parks and vegetation. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the effects of urban parks and vegetation on crime occurrence and to suggest the planning implications of this to CPTED based on theory related to crime, environmental psychology, and crime occurrence analysis. This study used the crime occurrence data of Seoul, NDVI, population, distance from urban park, floating population, and the like. This study collected data from the Statistics Korea, the local government, and Landsat 8 satellite images provided by the USGS and created data of environmental variables and social variables by district using ArcGIS and statistical program. Literature analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and geographically weighted regression were used to determine the relationship between crime occurrence and environmental variables, and to discuss its implication. It was found that crime occurrence has a relationship with the total population (${\beta}=.663$), the number of amusement facilities (${\beta}=.447$) and the area of a police station jurisdiction (${\beta}=.395$). This confirms that a crime rate is low when the floating population is large (${\beta}=-.241$) and vegetation vitality is high (NDVI, ${\beta}=-.281$). Vegetation vitality (NDVI) is effective in lowering violence through psychological stabilization, strengthening territoriality and improving regional image. The implications for the allocation of urban park and vegetation, program and management plan of urban park and vegetation to reduce crime occurrence have therefore been presented.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2011

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to establish the method generating human brain anatomical connectivity from Korean children and evaluating the network topological properties using small-world network analysis. Materials and Methods : Using diffusion tensor images (DTI) and parcellation maps of structural MRIs acquired from twelve healthy Korean children, we generated a brain structural connectivity matrix for individual. We applied one sample t-test to the connectivity maps to derive a representative anatomical connectivity for the group. By spatially normalizing the white matter bundles of participants into a template standard space, we obtained the anatomical brain network model. Network properties including clustering coefficient, characteristic path length, and global/local efficiency were also calculated. Results : We found that the structural connectivity of Korean children group preserves the small-world properties. The anatomical connectivity map obtained in this study showed that children group had higher intra-hemispheric connectivity than inter-hemispheric connectivity. We also observed that the neural connectivity of the group is high between brain stem and motorsensory areas. Conclusion : We suggested a method to examine the anatomical brain network of Korean children group. The proposed method can be used to evaluate the efficiency of anatomical brain networks in people with disease.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.14
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• pp.37-51
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• 2008

The computer has become an indispensable tool for animation works. However if you don't understand the characteristics of the computer and its software, you might not have the result satisfying your efforts. The incorrect understanding of image format sometimes causes it. Habitually image formats are selected usually for most of works but there is a distinct difference among those image formats while the efficient usages of them are different from each other. For your more efficient work therefore, you need to identify the characteristics of various kinds of image format used mostly for animation works. First I took a look at the theories of the lossy compression and lossless compression, which are two types of data compression widely used in the whole parts of computer world and the difference between bitmap method and vector method, which are respectably different in terms of the way of expressing images and finally the 24 bit true color and 8 bits alpha channel. Based on those characteristics, I have analyzed the functional difference among image formats used between various types of animation works such as 2D, 3D, composing and editing and also the benefits and weakness of them. Additionally I've proved it is wrong that the JPEG files consume a small space in computer work. In conclusion, I suggest the TIF format as the most efficient format for whatever it is editing, composing, 3D and 2D in considering capacity, function and image quality and also I'd like to recommend PSD format which has compatibility and excellent function, since the Adobe educational programs are used a lot for the school education. I hope this treatise to contribute to your right choice of image format in school education and practical works.

• Archives of design research
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• v.20
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• pp.111-120
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• 1997

Recently, rapidly increasing internet Websites are providing us with the new kinds of multimedia informations without borders acting as the center for exchanging informations. Such new media informations through the internet passes informations via light on the monitor and provides the various informations, with the differentiation from the traditional printing media, it can be searched with electronic commands in limited space. In the process of adapting the new technologies, new media has successfully responded to the fast change and the development of its needs by experiencing the trials and errors, steadily establishing the stable position with its new information transferring and exchanging methods. The representative hompage of websites of information transformations means the first page containing no lower directories and consist of titles, icons, symbols and addresses and can design them in consideration of graphical process, planning, contents and others. Such hompages are very important since the graphical images shows its visual expressions deciding the total meanings of the hompages. In this research, we have analyzed the visual factors of frequencies, ratio of areas, distributions, alignment methodologies on layouts of hompages consisting titles, icons, contents and symbols, etc. from randomly picked samples of 161 hompages of websites in the internets of various areas. Generally, the homepages are designed with graphical expressions in personal way and the feedbacks and responses of such may differs, but we think, this can be used as reference materials for the analysis of new media in objective way. Also, it can be used as the base informations for arrangement and planning of designs with the characteristics of graphics and Graphic User Interfaces in the background which are implemented over internet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.141-147
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• 2018

In a time when product development cycles are getting shorter and shorter, many companies are making efforts to develop products with high reliability in a short period of time, accelerated life test is widely used as a method to quickly evaluate reliability. Accelerated life test reduces the test life or the life of the product from the observed data by shortening the lifetime of the product or abruptly lowering the performance under the worse condition than the actual condition in order to shorten the test cost or the test time. In this paper, BL3640A-06P+RB35, DC12V model, which is used in the support device of an automatic rotation type digital signage, which display various information such as textures and images on a display screen in a public place or a commercial space, BLDC motors were subjected to a constant stress test and at the rotational speed of 1rpm, $180^{\circ}$ rotation and reverse rotation under actual use conditions, the stress was imposed on the rotating speed of 2rpm and the weight of the actual installed product from 22.2kgf to 10kgf were installed. The lifetime of the actual use environment condition is 23,545 hours and the rotation speed is accelerated. The life time of the acceleration condition with the additional weight is 1,380 hours. The acceleration factor is calculated as 17.06, the one year guarantee test day is 235 days to 14 days, of the period from 470 days to 28 days, and the third year from 704 days to 42 days. The test date of the BLDC motor was tested on the shortened test date, and the rotational speed and the current value were measured. It is found that there is no defect even if it operates as the test date corresponding to the specified one year warranty period and the 3 year accelerated life test which is experimented. Using the statistical technique of the regression analysis the expected time for the motor to defect to #4 samples was 20 years.