• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.485-494
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• 2009

We report patterns of astronomical seeing at KSA SEMO (Korea Science Academy Space Earth and Man Observatory). Though the data of the seeing measured at the local observatory is essential in identifying the seeing of the observatory, systematic measurement of seeing has not been made in Pusan yet. For this reason, KSA SEMO adopted the Santa Barbara Instrument Group (SBIG) Seeing Monitor to constantly record the seeing. The seeing monitoring was done through an elaborate procedure involving direct CCD images in the focal plane which were subsequently analyzed for the full width at half maximum (FWHM) Gaussian widths. Based on the seeing monitoring for 8 months, we classified five patterns of the seeing at KSA SEMO: 'Sunset/Sunrise Effect', 'Extreme Fluctuation', 'Sudden Increment', 'Daily Variation' and 'Stable Condition'. Seeing was generally good from 1:00 am to 3:00 am than other times, and it was also better in Winter than in Summer.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2010

In urban regeneration, resident participation and respect of residents' need have become a major important issue. The purpose of this study is to identify residential area improvement characteristics expected by local residents. Data used for this study were collected from survey which used questionnaire and village image map construction tool kit, developed for facilitating the residents' participation in an actual housing improvement area at Kwngjoo, Korea. The major contents surveyed through questionnaire were first, future images of the area second, directions of improvement third, preferred architectural types such as high or low rise buildings. and a total of 335 data was collected within 4 days during 12-14 December, 2008. The kit was used by parents of students at a local elementary school, and 205 image maps were collected. Content analysis was to analyse characteristics of villages shown in the constructed image maps. Lynch's five elements were utilized to select areas for analysis. As a result, types of buildings desired by residents at the selected four local areas were identified. In general, residents desired their village to be improved with low and mid rise buildings, respecting existing cultural assets. This study showed that there is certain characteristics in relation to the selected areas. Besides, the tool kit used this study showed the effectiveness in collecting opinions from young households in the improvement area within a short time. The tool is expected to be useful in attracting residents and in facilitating participation of wide range of local residents by improving the constraints stemming from time and space.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.21-32
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• 2007

It is significant to simulate scattering of light within media for realistic image synthesis; however, this requires costly computation. This paper introduces a practical image-space approximation technique for interactive subsurface scattering. We use a general two-pass approach, which creates transmitted irradiance samples onto shadow maps and computes illumination using the shadow maps. We estimate single scattering efficiently using a method similar to common shadow mapping with adaptive deterministic sampling. A hierarchical technique is applied to evaluate multiple scattering, based on a diffusion theory. We further accelerate rendering speed by tabulating complex functions and utilizing level of detail. We demonstrate that our technique produces high-quality images of animated scenes with blurred shadow at hundreds frames per second on graphics hardware. It can be integrated into existing interactive systems easily.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.337-342
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• 2006

The use of GPS receiver at outer space becomes common in low earth orbit. The KOrea Multi-Purpose SATellite-1 (KOMPSAT-1) which was launched in December 1999 has used GPS receiver's navigation solution to perform the Orbit Determination (OD) in the ground. At the circumstance of using only one ground station, the Orbit Determination using GPS receiver is good method. Because the accuracy of navigation solution acquiring directly from GPS receiver is not enough in satellite application such as map generation, post-processing concepts such as the Precise Orbit Determination (POD) are applied to satellite data processing to improve satellite position accuracy. The POD uses GPS receiver's raw measurement data instead of GPS receiver's navigation solution. The KOrea Multi- Purpose SATellite-2 (KOMPSAT-2) system newly uses the POD technique for large scale map generation. The satellite was launched in the end of July 2006. The satellite sends high resolution images in panchromatic band and multi-spectral bands to the ground. The satellite system uses GPS receivers as source of time synchronization and command reference in the satellite, provider of navigation solution for the OD, and provider of raw measurement data for the POD. In this paper, mechanical configuration and operations of the GPS receiver will be presented. The GPS data characteristics of the satellite such as time synchronization, command reference, the OD using GPS receiver's navigation solution, and the POD using GPS receiver's raw measurement data will be presented and analyzed. The enhancement of performance compared with it of the previous satellite will also be analyzed.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.112-118
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• 2008

Background: This study was conducted to quantitatively analyze proteins associated with the calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that was obtained from a rat model of chronic neuropathic pain following administration of intrathecal $CGRP_{8-37}$. Methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats (100-150 g, 5-6 wks) were divided into two groups, sham controls and neuropathic pain models. At the time of operation for neuropathic pain model, an intrathecal catheter was threaded through the intrathecal space. At 1 or 2 wks after the operation (maximum pain state), a test dose of 1, 5, 10, or 50 nM of $CGRP_{8-37}$ was injected into the intrathecal catheter and the CSF was then aspirated. Conventional proteomics to evaluate the CSF were then performed using high resolution 2-D, gel electrophoresis followed by computational image analysis and protein identification by mass spectrometry. Results: Treatment with $CGRP_{8-37}$ effectively alleviated mechanical allodynia in a dose dependent manner. The most effective response was obtained when a dose of 50 nM was administered, but significant differences were obtained following administration of only 5 nM $CGRP_{8-37}$. Furthermore, the results of the proteomic analysis were consistent with the experimental results. Specially we detected 30 differentially expressed spots in 7 images when 2-D gel electrophoresis was conducted. The intensity of 6 of these spots (spot number: 20 and 26-30) was found decrease the $CGRP_{8-37}$ dose increased; therefore, these spots were evaluated by mass spectrometry. This analysis identified 2 different proteins, CGRP (spot numbers: 26-30) and neurotensin-related peptide (spot number: 20). Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that CGRP plays a role in chronic central neuropathic pain and is a major target of chronic neuropathic pain management.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.99-104
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• 2012

Background: Previous studies have shown that if performed without radiographic guidance, the loss of resistance (LOR) technique can result in inaccurate needle placement in up to 30% of lumbar epidural blocks. To date, no study has shown the efficacy of measuring the depth of the posterior complex (ligamentum flavum, epidural space, and posterior dura) ultrasonographically to distinguish true and false LOR. Methods: 40 cervical epidural blocks were performed using the LOR technique and confirmed by epidurograms. Transverse ultrasound images of the C6/7 area were taken before each cervical epidural block, and the distances from the skin to the posterior complex, transverse process, and supraspinous ligament were measured on each ultrasound view. The number of LOR attempts was counted, and the depth of each LOR was measured with a standard ruler. Correlation of false and true positive LOR depth with ultrasonographically measured depth was also statistically analyzed. Results: 76.5% of all cases (26 out of 34) showed false positive LOR. Concordance correlation coefficients between the measured distances on ultrasound (skin to ligamentum flavum) and actual needle depth were 0.8285 on true LOR. Depth of the true positive LOR correlated with height and weight, with a mean of $5.64{\pm}1.06cm$, while the mean depth of the false positive LOR was $4.08{\pm}1.00cm$. Conclusions: Ultrasonographic measurement of the ligamentum flavum depth (or posterior complex) preceding cervical epidural block is beneficial in excluding false LOR and increasing success rates of cervical epidural blocks.

• Archives of design research
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• v.19 no.2 s.64
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• pp.217-228
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• 2006

It is obvious that the characteristics of the media are related with the visual expression found in film and video shots. It can be assumed that there would be unavoidable distortion when the space and objects are being framed into an image by the camera and that unavoidable distortion can be utilized for creative expression. Therefore the relationship among the shape of filming zone, the structure of the image, and the strategies of disposition of camera, actors, and objects were studied in accordance with expressional attempts found in film and video images. The classified cases of the expressions found in film and video was studied from the view of the dispositions and movements of the physical elements such as camera, actors, and objects which made the designated expression possible. Finally the organization of method to arrange of the elements used for film within film zone was resulted as the expressional directing methods for filming. Later the usefulness of the method was tested by the application of the method in educational procedure and the evaluation of the analysis of the students' results.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.436-440
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• 2008

Complete consideration on condition and surrounding environment shall be performed to select proper location for complex planning or establishment of facility with special purpose. Especially, in case of living space for human, lighting, ventilation, efficiency in land use, etc. are important elements. Diverse 3D analysis through 3D topography modeling and virtual simulation is necessary for this. Now, it can be processed with relatively inexpensive cost since high resolution satellite image essential in topography modeling is provided with domestic technology through Arirang No. 2 satellite (KOMPSAT2). In this study, several candidate sites is selected for complex planning with special purpose and analysis on proper location was performed using the 3D topography modeling and land information. For this, land analysis, land price calculation, slope analysis and aspect analysis have been carried out. As a result of arranging the evaluation index for each candidate site and attempting the quantitative evaluation, proper location could be selected efficiently and reasonably.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.50-58
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• 2016

The design of children's hospitals is highly dependent on color schemes. As a space shared together by both adults and children, the design of children's hospitals require color coordination that takes account of the users' characteristics. Visual perception tracking experiment was conducted on the 2 chosen experimental images with a target group made up of adults and children, the following results were found. First, visual attention characteristics of spatial elements' colors were found. The contrast of colors were discovered to effect attention, especially the information desk region showed highest attention. Pillars are subjected to a higher attention relative to other spatial elements, it is suggested when using accent colors to use it only when it is absolutely necessary in partial areas. In contrast, floor patterns were found to be subjected to very low attention relative to other elements. Second, effects of color contrast on visual attention were uncovered. Although color contrast effects attention for both adults and children, children were found to be more effected by color contrast than adults. Especially, children's tendency to rely on color contrast for visual recognition was higher than adults. Since when using only one type on a wide surface children show higher attention on the < vivid > colors than adults, when planning a color coordination for children using < pale > colors instead of < vivid > ones in background for a large surface is seen as a more desired method to increase attention by putting emphasis on the [sharply contrasting] colors.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.553-563
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• 1999

The Spatial Database Engine(SDETM) developed by Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. is a spatial database that employs a client-server architecture incorporated with a set of software services to perform efficient spatial operations and to manage large, shared and geographic data sets. It currently supports a wide variety of spatial search methods and spatial relationships determined dynamically. Spatial objects in the space world can be changed by either non-spatial operations or spatial operations. Conventional geographical information systems(GISs) did not manage their historical information, however, because they handle the snapshot images of spatial objects in the world. In this paper we propose a spatio-temporal data model and an algorithm for temporal relationship macro which is able to manage and retrieve the historical information of spatial objects. The proposed spatio-temporal data model and its operations can be used as a software tool for history management of time-varying objects in database without any change.