• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.229-235
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• 2013

This paper proposed the method to reduce and manage the amount of using power by using the Self-Learning of inference engine that evolves through learning increasingly smart ways for each spaces with in the Space-Based Energy Management System (SEMS, Space-based Energy Management System) that is defined as smallest unit space with constant size and similar characteristics by using the collectible Big Data from the various information networks and the informations of various sensors from the existing Energy Management System(EMS), mostly including such as the Energy Management Systems for the Factory (FEMS, Factory Energy Management System), the Energy Management Systems for Buildings (BEMS, Building Energy Management System), and Energy Management Systems for Residential (HEMS, Home Energy Management System), that is monitoring and controlling the power of systems through various sensors and administrators by measuring the temperature and illumination.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.30.2-30.2
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• 2010

Numerous operational anomalies and satellite failures have been reported since the beginnings of the "space age". Space weather effects on modern spacecraft systems have been emphasized more and more as increasing their complexity and capability. Energetic particles potentially can destroy and degrade electronic components in satellites. We analyzed the geostationary (GEO) satellite anomalies during 1997-2009 to search possible influences of space weather on the satellite anomalies like power problem, control processor problem, attitude control problem, etc. For this we use particle data from GOES and LANL satellites to investigate space weather effects on the GEO satellites' anomalies depending on Kp index, local time, seasonal variation, and high-energy electron contribution. As results, we obtained following results: (1) there is a good correlation between geomagnetic index(Kp) and anomaly occurrences of the GEO satellite; (2) especially during the solar minimum, occurrence of the satellite anomalies are related to electron flux increase due to high speed solar wind; (3) satellite anomalies occurred more preferentially in the midnight and dawn sector than noon and dusk sector; (4) and the anomalies occurred twice more in Spring and Fall than Summer and Winter; (5) the electron with the lowest energy channel (50-75keV) has the highest correlation (cc=0.758) with the anomalies. High association between the anomalies and the low energy electrons could be understand by the facts that electron fluxes in the spring and fall are stronger than those in the summer and winter, and low-energy electron flux is more concentrated in the dawn sector where the GEO satellite anomalies occurred more frequently than high-energy electron flux. While we could not identify what cause such local time dependences, our results shows that low-energy electrons (~100keV) could be main source of the satellite anomaly, which should be carefully taken into account of operating satellites.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.181-186
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• 2009

Recently, the consuming efficiency of energy and natural resources has been a hot issue because of the continuous increasing of energy consumption and soaring of international oil prices. We tried to seek an action plan for the government's new paradigm 'Low-Carbon, Green Growth' by consuming energy efficiently and improving in energy management based on ubiquitous IT technologies. In this study, the library survey method is adopted for this study and IP-USN(internet protocol based ubiquitous sensor network) is considered as a core technology among various ubiquitous IT technologies. The purpose of this study is to deliver a method of energy management through integrating the context information gathered from sensors with digital space models and visualizing them together. The details are to survey the technologies of digital space modeling, USN based monitoring, building energy management and to integrate these technologies all together. This study will contribute to the enhancement of efficient building energy management by grasping the accurate situation of energy consuming in the building in realtime and minimizing unnecessary energy wastes.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.19-24
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• 2008

The energy crisis is culminating for the life of the fossil fuel in the future which is come to end at $30{\sim}40$ years. Moreover above 90% of the energy in our country depend on importing and the crisis is more seγious than it of other countries. So architects devote low energy house research and it means underground space research have become public opinion. But there is not an accurate and utility method calculating the heating load of underground space. In this study it is proposed that the heating load is calculated by setting adiabatic thichness of soil and predicting underground temperature. The prediction of the underground temperature is calculated by the latitude, the level, the distance from sea, the condition of earth surface.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2012

An RF energy detector for spectrum sensing in TV white space transceiver is presented. It is based on an RF active filtering technique that comprises a low-noise amplifier with a frequency-translation high-pass filtering feedfoward loop, which attenuates the unwanted sideband energy and only passes the wanted band energy. Unlike the conventional architecture, a new architecture that can attenuate both sidebands at the same time is proposed. A simplified system modeling method is presented to assess the non-ideality effects on the RF energy detector performances. System behavioral simulations demonstrate that the proposed architecture can be instrumental for realizaing a RF energy detector circuit in CMOS.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Planning & Design
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.23-32
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to establish a walking energy weighted ERAM model that can predict the pedestrian volume by the connection structure of the vertical and horizontal spaces within a three-dimensional building. The process of building a walking-energy weighted ERAM model is as follows. First, the spatial graph was used to reproduce three-dimensional buildings with vertical and horizontal spatial connection structures. Second, the walking energy was measured on the spatial graph. Third, ERAM model was used to apply weights with spatial connection properties in random walking environment, and the walking energy weights were applied to the ERAM model to calculate the walk energy weighted ERAM values and visualize the distribution of pedestrian flow. To verify the validation of the established model, existing and proposed spatial analysis models were compared to real space. The results of this study are as follows : The model proposed in this study showed as much elaborated estimation of pedestrian traffic flow in real space as in traditional spatial analysis models, and also it showed much higher level of forecasting pedestrian traffic flow in real space than existing models.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.60 no.1
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• pp.185-195
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• 2020

This paper aims to study the 𝒲^⁎-curvature tensor on relativistic space-times. The energy-momentum tensor T of a space-time having a semi-symmetric 𝒲^⋆-curvature tensor is semi-symmetric, whereas the whereas the energy-momentum tensor T of a space-time having a divergence free 𝒲^⋆-curvature tensor is of Codazzi type. A space-time having a traceless 𝒲^⁎-curvature tensor is Einstein. A 𝒲^⁎-curvature flat space-time is Einstein. Perfect fluid space-times which admits 𝒲^⋆-curvature tensor are considered.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.202-206
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• 1997

We have modeled the infrared spectral energy distributions of proto stars with close attention to the dust envelopes around the stars. The observed spectral energy distributions are closely compared with our models. The model results and observations are compared on IRAS color-color diagrams. Typical model results can explain the observations fairly well.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.21-30
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• 2017

Recently, There has been much discussed about unused space. This space can be used in a variety of ways. Utilizing it as a facility, craft shop, and utilizing renewable energy generation facilities. Especially, in terms of climate change should be supplied renewable energy. Renewable energy needs to be developed in terms of responding to climate change, and the recent Paris agreement is also emphasizing the importance of renewable energy. In particular, renewable energy needs to be widely disseminated. And renewable energy is limited space. In this regard, idle land can provide opportunities for securing new renewable energy generation facilities. The introduction of new and renewable energy facilities in idle space can enhance the self-sufficiency rate of the local community, which is significant in terms of responding to climate. In this study, to investigate the possibility of utilizing a unused space for a photovoltaic power generation facility, we investigated the amount of electricity which could be generated through photovoltaic power generation, and the economic effects, using a RETScreen model. The results showed that 9,738 MWh of power can be generated and that $4,540tCO_2eqcan$ be saved. Regarding the economic effect, the net present value of the facility was shown to be 2,247,389,020 KRW. As the net present value was shown to be positive, we believe that the installation of a photovoltaic power generation facility in an unused space would have a positive economic effect. We found the net present value following the fluctuation of the SMP price to be positive, though there was some variation. However, as the economic efficiency was shown to be low because the net present value in relation to the maintenance costs was negative, we believe that maintenance costs must be taken fully into account when evaluating economic efficiency. In particular, as subsidies can be used to cover maintenance costs which must be factored into photovoltaic power generation, we believe that photovoltaic power generation can have an economic effect. Because spaces not currently in use can have a positive economic effect as renewable energy power generation facilities, and can also contribute to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, unused spaces are thought to greatly help local governments to cope with climate change as well as reinforcing their related capabilities. We believe our study will help local governments with decisions relating to unused real estate utilization in the future.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.86.1-86.1
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• 2012

The MHD virial theorem applied for observed photospheric field may be the one of way to estimate magnetic energy of generally invisible coronal magnetic structure. However, the photospheric field is not in a force-free state, so the application of virial theory needs some care. Here we use a series of MHD simulations of emerging field to investigate how we can apply the virial theorem to the emerging field. In early emerging phase, virial energy has a minus value although positive area at the photosphere is continuously generated toward a late emerging phase. We discuss why this tendency occurs. Then we derive the critical height where the actual emerging magnetic energy is almost comparable to the virial energy. If the difference between virial energy and magnetic energy becomes 10 percentage of the magnetic energy, we define this is the critical height, and assume the emerging field is close to force-free. We also discuss how the critical height changes with the initial twist of an emerging flux tube.