• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2015

The subject of this research is to analyze the design characteristics of outdoor spaces in Good Design awarded apartment complexes in the past decade. The results are as follows. First, the overall outdoor space design theme, one of the conceptual elements, is focused on both 'nature' and 'story of various subject' that are similar to each other. Second, the case study object with the visual openness, which is secured between apartment blocks, is shown frequently in case box-shaped apartment blocks are arranged in a row. However, in case of Y-shaped block arrangement, the visual openness secured within an apartment complex is considered more important. Third, according to the result of circulation/ inner path element, the most frequently appeared inner path form is a grid pattern with straight path emphasis. While apartment complexes with the parking lot on the ground are only 3 out of 18 cases, it with circulation path for vehicle on the ground level are over 61%. Fourthly, the design characteristic of social space of physical outdoor design appears to be 'central link facility type'. In this case, the central community facilities are more likely to be combined with various functions, such as green, water, and social connection. Fifthly, in case of natural space, most of the apartment cases are shown over 45% green area ratio with wide green and water space provision. Especially, the differentiation is to provide the space where can stimulate a resident's participation.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate spatial characteristics and using behavior of activity room in skilled nursing facilities for the elderly and to provide basic guidelines about its space planning. The activity rooms in the most of the research facilities were arranged by usage modification of unnecessary spaces after the foundation of the facility, and were used not only for the program service but for the staff lounge. It decreased space speciality and resulted in limited area of the space and crowded furniture arrangement. The design guidelines for activity room were as follows. First, the space plan of activity room is based on the use of once to twice per week and for 30 minutes per use, and is mainly for the human knowledge and art programs that are appropriate for small group. Second, the activity room of the facility with less than 3 stories needs to be in the same floor as elderly individual room, but should be independent and easy to be controlled by the staff. On the other hand, in more than 4 stories facility, it is better to be in the different floor as the elderly living area such as administrational area close to the lounge and garden. Third, at least $5.9m^{2}$ per user for the area of the activity room is recommended including the elderly, staff, furniture, equipments and restroom. Fourth, the furniture of activity room includes the shelves, big table with enough knee space, wheel, and stopper, and stackable chairs. Toilets and water closet are needed for the emergency, and the windows to the corridor and curtain door should be avoided for soundproof and easy access of wheelchair users.

• Architectural research
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.41-52
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• 2020

Laboratory buildings with specialized equipment and ventilation systems pose challenges in terms of efficient energy use and initial construction costs. Additionally, lab spaces should have flexible and efficient layouts and provide a comfortable indoor research environment. Therefore, this study aims to identify the correlation between the facade of a building and its interior layout from case studies of energy-efficient research labs and to propose passive energy design strategies for the establishment of an optimal research environment. The case studies in this paper were selected from the American Institute of Architects Committee on the Environment Top Ten Projects and Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certified research lab projects. In this paper, the passive design strategies of space zoning, façade design devices to control heating and cooling loads were analyzed. Additionally, the relationships between these strategies and the interior lab layouts, lab support spaces, offices, and circulation areas were examined. The following four conclusions were drawn from the analysis of various cases: 1) space zoning for grouping areas with similar energy requirements is performed to concentrate similar heating and cooling demands to simplify the HVAC loads. 2) Public areas such as corridor, atrium, or courtyard can serve as buffer zones that employ passive solar design to minimize the mechanical energy load. 3) A balanced window-to-wall ratio (WWR), exterior shading devices, and natural ventilation systems are applied according to the space programming energy requirements to minimize the dependence on mechanical service. 4) Lastly, typical laboratory space zoning categories can be revised, reversed, and even reconfigured to minimize the energy load and adjust to the site context. This study can provide deep insights into various design strategies employed for construction of green laboratories along with intuitive arrangement of various building components such as laboratory spaces, lab support spaces, office spaces, and common public areas. The key findings of this study can contribute towards creating improved designs of laboratory facilities with reduced carbon footprint and greenhouse emissions.

• Architectural research
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2011

The Characteristics of space are determined by several factors; however, the element that determines the physical characteristic of floors, walls, and ceiling is the structure. This study constructs a wall to analyze the direct effect that the layout of an exhibition wall has on the element of the wall followed by the structural process and visibility of descriptive analysis and examples of art museums that the shift from a perceptional wall to an experiential wall affected circulation. For elements and formation methods of the wall, first, it is made up of open and closed type exhibition spaces, and it can give abundance in qualitative space rather than a quantitative aspect. Secondly, the directivity of space changes according to the development of the visible axis, thus, directly affects the change in visibility. Thirdly, the difference between spatial structure and visual structure is the difference between the visual axis and spatial structure. The wall formation type followed by the combination method, the simple visible structure, which is the type that possesses the simple combination (Room, Zone, Cluster), repeatedly uses the same size of units of space that is orderly and has few spatial axes and the classification of simple type and simple cluster type, which has few visible axes, also exists. Also, with the complex structure of the maze type it displays the reiterated form of the cluster, which is the space with disorderly combination and has much visible axes and spatial axes. Also, these can be divided into three types: 1) Maze Cluster Type, 2) Cross Road Type, and 3) Open Flexible Type. These wall types lead the various changes in circulation, and even each of the arrangement qualities of the exhibitions should be researched according to its exhibition place type.

• 항공우주정책ㆍ법학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.3-25
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• 2007

In 2002 Republic of Korea successfully launched a self-made mined proportion rocket and it is expected that she will be able to have own space launching system by 2010. According to Article 14 of the Space Exploration Promotion Act, a new law should be established to impose the limit of compensation for the damage by space accident. Therefore, The Space Accident Liability Act was passed in Korean Congress on Nov. 22, 2007 and it will be enforced in six months. The purpose of this Act is to provide reparation for the damage of the third parties that a launch causes; and the Commonwealth should be insured against any possible space accidents to pay for such a damage. Here space accident means the damages to our life, body, and properties from the launching of space objects. There should be an actual loss to establish the compensation of Liability Act. Article 2 in Liability Act defines "damage" as follows: the term "damage" means loss of life, personal injury or loss of or damage to property of persons. Physical and material damages are included in the conception of damage. The meaning of a launching includes any test launch and launch for a real arrangement which will ultimately provides a wide range of compensation. Article 4 indicates that absolute liability should be imposed in compensating for damage by space accidents. Article 4 also indicates that a launching party should be absolutely liable to compensate for the damage caused by its space object on the surface of the Earth. In general, liability stands where fault is. But if the activity is ultra-hazardous and causes serious harm, the individual needs to compensate for the damage unlimitedly. Because of the many launchings for the Seattleite launching, a launching organization is obligated to the liability insurance in preparation for the space accidents. According to the Article 6 of Space Accident Liability Act, to be insured for the compensation for damage is obligatory. It says: "In accordance with Article 11 in the Space Exploration Promotion Act, the person who wants to receive an approval f3r launching needs to be insured in compensation for the possible damage by space accidents.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제18권12호
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• pp.32-41
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• 2017

본 논문은 천안지역의 아파트단지 외부공간을 분석함에 있어서 공간구문론을 활용하여 구성요소 간의 관계성을 기반으로 하는 각 구성요소들의 배치 속성을 단지 전체 차원에서 해석하는 것을 목적으로 하며, 본 연구에 대한 예비 연구적 성격으로 진행하였다. 아파트단지 외부공간이 모두 연결되어 있는 하나의 공간구조라는 관점으로 거주자의 보행에 기반을 두고 각 공간 및 시설로의 출입공간에 대한 접근성 변화를 분석하였다. 총 5시기로 구분하고, 아파트단지 외부공간에 위치한 시설 및 공간으로의 출입공간을 단위공간으로 설정하였는데, 본 연구에서는 단지주출입공간, 주동 출입공간, 단지내 상가, 관리사무소/경로당, 어린이놀이터, 주민운동시설 등 총 6개의 분석항목을 설정하여 분석하였다. 분석결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 단지주출입공간의 접근성은 거의 모든 시기에서 높게 나타났으며, 주동 출입공간은 전반적으로 낮은 접근성을 보이고 있다. 둘째, 단지내 상가는 접근성이 향상되고 있는 경향을 보이고 있다. 셋째, 주민공동공간으로 볼 수 있는 관리사무소/경로당, 어린이놀이터, 주민운동시설 중에서 어린이놀이터의 경우는 예외적으로 통합도 순위가 시기별 큰 변화 없이 일정하게 높은 경향을 보이고 있고, 관리사무소/경로당의 경우는 최근으로 올수록 통합도 순위가 높아지는 경향을 보여 접근성이 좋은 위치에 주로 계획되고 있음을 나타내고 있다.

• 교육시설 논문지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.3-10
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• 2019

In school facilities, space is the basic framework. The structure and arrangement of space will provide the form and feel of school facilities. In order to become a high-quality school facility, it is necessary to focus on the educational, human and ecological aspects of the instructor and learner until the space is conceived, designed and completed. However, even when public education was introduced in the past, it did not become a school space considering this aspect. The school space, which focuses on efficiency and labor production, is a school space that reflects the characteristics of a factory-type school, which has been occupied by a large number until recently. Although efforts to improve the quality of school facilities have been attempted in recent years, there is also a need to pursue more active changes. Future-oriented and progressive school spaces include flexibility, connectivity, individualization, diversity(creativity). In other words, space should be flexible so that it can be used faithfully according to the educational situation, not the fixed and limited school space as in the past. In the future, the school space should be open and securely linked to the place where it is essential to complete community relations with the community. In addition, space should be flexible so that the school can meet the needs of each student as much as possible. And the school space should be transformed from the space design of the past fixed pattern to reflect the close relationship between spatial, psychological, physiological, and behavioral areas. When school space needs to shift away from the past and change in a new future-oriented direction, the remaining tasks should be presented with specific characteristics and content of the direction. And the function of the consignment should be handled by related research. Although the text of this study reveals the characteristics of future-oriented school space, more concrete and empirical research results should be presented by subsequent research at home and abroad. It is necessary to reduce trial and error in creating a future-oriented school space where both professors and learners can be satisfied by analyzing the common points and differences between the results of the study. In order to do this, it is necessary to make efforts to approach such research based on the participation of the subjects who teach and learn directly at the school site.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.86-98
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• 1996

This study is intended to revaluate old tree, five of the shot of the Natural Monument and 66 shot trees under protection in the city at present. The study covers distribution, management of usage, investigation and research into various matters relating to the situation of old trees in Pusan. Because 60% of the old trees selected for protection is on private land, citizens have difficulty gaining access to them. Also space for growth is impinged on by various urban facilities. Some trees have problems of growth because the land is covered with cement and asphalt. As regards space for old trees, many places have been destroyed due to the lack of protection fences and the failure to establish a guidance board. Only 40% of the space has been set aside for rest. In these places the establishment of rest areas, benches and handy chairs is needed. And there are 20 holy places where people observe religious ceremonies. As for space security necessary for old trees according to trunk width, the minimum trunk width and availale area needed are more than 1:1.5, but less than 30% have the necessary space. The growth of many old trees is threatended because of the small apace for growth. The prescription of the boundary space is divided between inside and outside. This indicates the domain nature and space rank of the old tree. It can be classified into five forms for research purposes. The elements for prescription of critical space outside are connected with the security of space, and the elements relating to inside space portray the conditions for sensitive growth according to the institution and the ground conditions. The open and closed nature of old tree space has some connection with the relationship between usage and the intimacy of the user. Most of the spaces for old trees can't be used or are difficult to gain access to, so it is necessary to secure enough space for them. The 18 places, despite having easy access, are near farmland, hills or forest. So the intimacy factor is low, and the security of space of the old trees is not generally sufficient. Henceforth, it will be necessary to have security of area for old trees as well as maintenance control to protect them. Also the space should be used as a communal and recreation are in the city. It is the time to construct a landscaped area which people can easily approach, a place with a secure entrance where they can play, rest and converse.

• 의료ㆍ복지 건축 : 한국의료복지건축학회 논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study is analyze linkage and spatial and structural characteristics of outpatient department and diagnosis/treatment area of geriatric hospitals based on quantitative analysis, according to function and corridor types. Methods: To examine structural characteristics and correlation of outpatient department and diagnosis/treatment area of six geriatric hospitals according to the corridor type, were systemized according to the function and corridor type and made into a j-graph, and an index was created by using space syntax to understand spatial characteristics. Results: 1) Different functional spaces are connected by a corridor, which, therefore, can be an axis of the connectivity and linkage of functional spaces and an important element in a clear hierarchy. 2) Treatment areas were disconnected from different functional spaces and, therefore, the accessibility was low. Many hospitals had an arrangement plan for treatment and diagnosis areas, and recent hospitals have segmented treatment areas within the rehabilitation space, which resulted in deeper space. 3) In terms of the level of integration, more integrated reception area meant shallower spatial depth, and deeper space for treatment and diagnosis areas. Implications: Spatial relation of outpatient department of geriatric hospitals was analyzed based on characteristics of the elderly.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2010

서울시가 추진해온 대규모 공원 조성 사업의 일환으로 강북지역의 생활권 공원조성을 위하여 드림랜드 부지를 거대한 녹지의 숲과 공원이 어우러진 공간으로 계획하였다. 공간 구성기법으로 채움보다는 비움의 미학을 통하여 불확실한 도시의 변화에 대응하기 위한 잠재성을 부여하였고, 경관구성을 위하여 전통적인 서울의 산악경관 요소를 도입하고 차경하여 조망축을 형성하였는데, 유려하게 펼쳐진 한폭의 산수화 같은 한 그루의 나무, 하늘과 바람, 그리고 물과 흙의 심상이 표현되고 있다. 이것은 도시화의 계획에 배제되어 왔던 자연을 중요한 고려의 대상으로 삼음으로서, 서구도시의 건축적 랜드마크와는 차별화된 우리의 산과 구릉지 모습으로 도시경관의 지배적 랜드마크를 만드는 것이다. 그러므로 본 연구는 전통의 경관개념과 한국적 공간의 유형에서 추출한 시설배치 기법과 요소를 설계에 적용하여 기존의 도시가로와 마당과 같은 공원의 공간이 전통적 위계를 가지도록 하였으며, 도시의 확장된 오픈 필드(open field)를 통하여 공간경험의 다양성과 잠재성을 추구하여 북서울꿈의숲을 설계하였다.