• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.325-332
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• 2005

As ship builder companies have a tendency to pursuit the effect of scale economy, recently the ultra-large sized container ship is discussed very actively among them. It is expected that these situation will be continued for the time being. The need of accommodation re-arrangement is carefully proposed according to the tendency of ultra-large sized ship. In this paper, accommodation re-arrangement of ultra-large container ship is examined in the view of economy. We proposed separation of engine room and accommodation part through review and supplementaition of drawing generation in intial design stage. Also we investigated its merits and demerits to find out whether it can be realized or not in the view of economical efficiency. The RFR(Required Freight Rate) is considered as the objective function to evaluate the re-designed vessel. The economical benefits for increasing the number of TEU(Twenty-foot Equivalent Units)'s and the re-arranged space are analyzed in the view of ship owner and shipyards respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.146-154
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• 1998

This study was designed to investigate the workers' exposure level to electromagnetic field(EMF) in accordance with the VDT arrangement in the work place and distance from VDT. Author compared the exposure strength of EMF in line group(workers exposed to EMF from both front and back side) and in shielding group(workers exposed to EMF exclusively from front side). The levels of EMF at 30cm and 50cm from front side and at 30cm from back side of VDT were also measured. The result were as follows: 1. Mean distance between a monitor and a worker in shielding group ($47.7{\pm}8.7cm$) significantly longer than that in line group($44.3{\pm}7.2cm$). Strength of EMF in shielding group [$1.3{\pm}0.7V/m$ (electric field) and $18.2{\pm}11.5mA/m$ (magnetic field) were lower than in line group [$1.4{\pm}0.6V/m$ and $26.6{\pm}11.6mA/m$, respectively] at the workers' position. 2. The strength of EMF was decreased with the distance from VDT. The strength at 70cm from VDT was nearly the same as the background strength in the ordinary office rooms. 3. Working distance from 9 inch monitor was significantly shorter than that from 14 inch and wider sized monitors. 4. The strength of EMF in extremely low frequency spectrum of color monitors was higher then that of black and white monitor. 5. Metal coated filters significantly decreased the electric field strength of EMF when earth line was connected. Metallic shield was effectively decreased the EMF strength from VDT, but wooden shield was not. From the above results, line type arrangement of VDT in the work place using metallic shield at the back side of VDT, and metal coated filter to monitor with application of earth line were recommended. It is also recommended to maintain workers position to be 60cm or more distance from monitor and 140cm or more between VDTs for minimizing workers' exposure to EMF.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.1095-1103
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• 1999

Presently, the retractable phone with a whip antenna composed of a helix and a monopole is most widely used for cellular mobile communications. However, since the length of the monopole is usually about λ/4, the strong radiated electric fields are produced in the region where the auricle of a head is contacted directly. This field distribution results in high specific absorption rates(SAR's) in the head. In this paper, SAR distributions and local SAR values for the inversely shaped phone(ISP) whose antenna arrangement is opposite to the original retractable phone(ORP) are compared with those for the ORP. This phone is accomplished by mounting the $\lambda$/4-whip antenna on the bottom, not on the top of the handset. The time-averaged field distribution in a computational space including a human model and a phone model is computed using the finite-difference time-domain(FDTD) method. SAR distributions and local SAR values for these phones are calculated with the field distributions. An anatomical head model and an approximate hand model were used to consider a real situation. From the analyzed data, it is shown that this arrangement of the antenna considerably reduces the spatial peak SAR in a human head.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.20
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• pp.33-38
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to analysis of disposition distance of city park for the plan of suitable arrangement of city park based on the date examining Daegu Metropolitan City. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The result of analysis of population density as the case of districts, it appeared highly in city center area which Seo-Gu district and Nam-Gu district besides Jung-Gu district. However, it apperared in a low Buk-Gu district, Dong-Gu district and Salseong-Gun. 2) The result of analysis of population density as the case of regions, it appeared very highly Joukjun-Dong of Dalseo-Gu district($31,554per/km^2$), Naedang-Dong of Seo-Gu district($29,922per/km^2$). However it appeared in a low Yeuga-Maen($85per/km^2$) and Gachang-Maen($94per/km^2$) of Dalseong-Gun. The regions where the population density is high have very low green space and live a lot of low income layer. 3) The result of analysis of disposition distance, in the case of children park, it appeared an intensive distribution in Dongcheon-Dong and Guam-Dong of Buk-Gu district, Whanggm-Dong and Dusan-Dong of Suseong-Gu district, Sangin-Dong and Yeongsan-Dong and Walsung-Dong of Dalseo-Gu district. however, it appeared in a low in Jung-Gu district. The case of urban park of the neighboring area, it appeared the most in Dalseo-Gu district except 2 parks in Jung-Gu district, the case of urban park of the walking area, it appeared in equality in city. 4) In conclusion, the area have high population density and lots of low income layer, is in out of disposition distance should be considered in first for city park plan.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.41
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• pp.61-92
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• 2019

We attempted to find the style of flower arrangement from the drawings of Uigwe and paintings of folding screens for the royal ceremonies of the late Joseon dynasty. In the pictures of the Uigwe and folding screens, we could see the linear, circular, and oval types Junhwa used to decorate the left and right sides of the throne placed in the center of main parish at the national banquet. There were also identified the Sanghwa which was used to decorate food on it, Jamhwa which was used to decorate head to be worn on the caps or hats, and Hwaga which was used to decorate the style supporting the large awnings at the national banquet. Hwaga was found, in the Musin Jinchan Dobyeong. In 1795, it was found that decorations on the floor, which are quite similar to the table decorations and modern space decorations, and flower shoot presented by king and flower decorations which were bound to the stick which was presented by king to country old men from Wonhaeng Eulmyo Jeongri Uigwe and Hwaseong Reunghaengdobyeong

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.62
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• pp.313-334
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• 2020

As an element of education, the educational space cannot be separated from the purpose of education. The place of education is not only the passage to deliver actual curriculum, but also the purpose itself that can be accomplished through educational content. That is because the purpose of education cannot be achieved only with instructors, students, curriculum, and methods, but requires a change in the perception of the educational space that represents the goal and the place where it all can be implemented. Nevertheless, the problem that lies with educational space is easy to be overlooked and it has been rather considered as an issue related to the finances or scale of the church. The church educational space gives birth to faith and growth, where spiritual development and experience may occur. However, the reality follows the drawbacks of conventional school classroom arrangements and structures. In addition, even if the church educational space can be arranged according to the needs of its students, it cannot deviate much from the standard uniform format. In particular, the basic environment of church educational space is similar to that of standard school system in terms of arrangement of furniture such as chairs, desks, and its physical structure. As the school system was originally designed and tailored for the purpose of delivering knowledge and standardization, the space for church education must stay away from it. Humans are born and die in a space, where encounter with God also happens. Also, communication with God causes spacial conversion to humans, changing the place of their visitation. So the church educational space must be more meticulously designed and comprehensive than that of school which pursues physical, educational, psychological, social, and artistic purposes because the church educational space pursues the liturgical elements, as well. Therefore, the Christian learning environmental arrangements must seek liturgical elements, which is the major Christian value, by placing Christian artwork or symbols for church visitors. So in this research, I want to stress the role of Christian educational space for spiritual growth and pursue intrinsic and extrinsic changes in learning environment, leading to a greater awareness of the Christian educational space.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.678-683
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• 1993

Atomic arral1gement of ordered phase in $GaAs_{0.5}Sb_{0.5}$ epilayer was studied by observation of selected area diffraction patterns and high resolution images. The epilayer was grown on untilted (001) GaAs substrate at $580^{\circ}C$ by molecular beam epitaxy(MBE). A 1/2(111) type long-range ordered phase is formed in the epilayer. Atomic arrangement of the ordered phase is described as an alternative stacking of As-rich and Sb-rich {111} planes in group V sublattice. Space group of the ordred structure belongs to R3m, and unit cell of the ordered structure is rhombohedral.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.111-117
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to provide the basic guidelines of spatial and physical environment for the planning and design of clinical laboratory by analysing the extent of satisfaction of clinical laboratory scientists. The data for this analysis was gathered from March to May 2005 by the questionnaires of 208 clinical laboratory scientists who work in the 13 hospitals. All the collected data was analyzed by the SPSSWIN program. In this study, the satisfaction measurement tool was composed with 8 items and 5 score scale. The mean score of satisfaction for spatial and physical environment was 2.89 out of 5.0, "noise" was the lowest 2.40, "temperature and moisture of the lab." was 2.72, "lab. area, service area and administration area" was 2.77, "passageway space" was 2.94, circulation of workers was 2.94, "color of finish" was 3.19, "lighting of lab." was the highest 3.39. In conclusion, various factors, noise, temperature and moisture, clinical lab area, were evaluated to moderate dissatisfaction. Noise was especially the first serious problem in clinical lab. Considering the high growth of the number of tests, the planning of the clinical laboratory size should be considered not only to provide the optimal size but how it will correspond to the growth of the number of tests. Therefore the arrangement of each section need to be flexible in arrangement which is inevitable in expansion and reconstruction in the future.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics S
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• v.34S no.7
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• pp.102-111
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• 1997

In this paper, a patern recognition method of surface mount device(SMD) IC using wavelet transform and neural network is proposed. We chose the feature parameter according to the characteristics of coefficient matrix which is obtained from four level discrete wavelet transform (DWT). These feature parameters are normalized and then used for the input vector of neural network which is capable of adapting the surroundings such as variation of illumination, arrangement of objects and translation. Experimental results show that when the same form of feature pattern, as is used for learning, is put into neural network and gained 100% rate ofrecognition irrespective of SMD IC kinds, location and variation of illumination. In the case of unused feature pattern for learning, the recognition rate is 85.9% under the similar surroundings, where as an average recognition rate is 96.87% for the case of reregulated value of illumination. Proosed method is relatively simple compared with the traditional space domain method in extracting the feature parameter and is also well suited for recognizing the pattern's class, position and existence. It can also shorten the processing tiem better than method extracting feature parameter with the use of discrete cosine transform(DCT) and adapt the surroundings such as variation of illumination, the arrangement and the translation of SMD IC.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.157-163
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• 2002

The aim of this study is to establish an evaluation function that can be used in comparison of alternative layouts by quantification of particularities of arrangements. The machinery arrangement is a design phase that decides the location of various equipment in a compartment to make the most of the function of every components and to meet the limit of ship space at the same time. In case of the ship, Only one of the several alternative layouts is selected. This process depends on the experience, knowledge, and judgement of an expert and, as a result of it, it's hard to get an objective evaluation. Therefore, according to quantification by using the fuzzy theory, we suggest a standard that can objectively evaluate alternative layouts.