• 제목/요약/키워드: Spa Structure

검색결과 28건 처리시간 0.029초

FET 스위치를 이용한 2.6 GHz 용 SPA 안테나 설계 (Design of SPA Antenna Using FET Switch for 2.6 GHz)

  • 강현상;박영일;용환구;김병성
    • 한국전자파학회논문지
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    • 제23권10호
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    • pp.1137-1144
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    • 2012
  • 본 논문에서는 펨토셀에서 기기 간의 상호 간섭을 해결하기 위해 2.6 GHz Wimax 밴드용 switched parasitic array(SPA) 안테나를 설계하였다. 설계한 SPA 안테나는 방사체(radiator)로 동작하는 단일 급전 ${\lambda}/4$ 모노폴 안테나가 중앙에 있고, 스위칭에 따라 반사체(reflector)와 유도체(director)로 동작하는 4개의 기생소자가 이를 둘러싸고 있으며, 이들 기생소자는 개방된 모노폴이 각각 둘러싸고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 PIN 다이오드가 아닌 RF FET 스위치를 사용하여 빔 조향을 함으로써 간단한 구조의 저가, 저전력 안테나를 설계하였으며, 스위치의 특성에 따른 SPA 안테나의 성능을 분석하였다. 제작한 안테나의 크기는 반지름 65 mm, 높이 35 mm이고, 2.6 GHz에서 전후방비가 15 dB 이상이며, 스위칭에 따라서 8방향으로 빔 조향이 가능하다.

한국형 SPA브랜드의 점포속성, 브랜드 자산 및 브랜드 태도와의 영향관계 (The effects of store attributes on brand equity of and brand attitude toward Korean SPA brands)

  • 오혜청;김미숙
    • 복식문화연구
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.640-653
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    • 2014
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of store attributes on brand equity of and brand attitude toward Korean SPA brands. Data were collected from women living in Seoul in ages from 18 to 39 with purchasing experience at Korean SPA brands. A total of 554 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis including factor analysis and structure equation analysis. The results were as follows: For store attributes, 8 factors were extracted: product assortment, fashionability, price, quality, store environment, service, convenience in location and advertisement. Two factors, brand awareness, brand image were extracted for brand equity, and brand attitude was derived as a single dimension. Product-related store attributes such as product assortment, price, quality have positive effects on brand awareness, brand image and brand attitude. Other attribute such as store environment has positive effect on brand awareness and brand image, Attribute such as advertisement has positive effect on brand awareness and service, convenience in location have positive effect on brand attitude. Moreover, brand image and brand awareness have positive effect on brand attitude. These results indicate the product-related attributes are important factors to consider for improving brand equity and brand attitude for Korean SPA brands.

에너지 변환론에 의한 직선형 피스톤 액추에이터의 동작 특성 해석에 관한 연구 (Analysis of Serial Piston Actuator on the Dynamic Characteristics by Electromechanical Energy Conversion)

  • 김양호;이해경;황석영
    • 조명전기설비학회논문지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.110-114
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    • 2004
  • 본 논문에서는 직선형 피스톤 액추에이터의 해석을 위해서 패러데이 법칙으로부터 기본 방정식을 유도하였고, 이를 바탕으로 소형, 경량, 고속 응답을 요구하는 시스템에 응용될 수 있는 실험적 자료를 얻었다. 본 논문에서는 자계로부터 일반적으로 구할 수 있는 전자기력을 기계 방정식과 결합하여 에너지 변환 이론에 의한 직선형 피스톤 액추에이터의 운동시 플런저의 동특성을 구하였다. 이러한 기존의 방법들을 구조적으로 단순화하면서 용수철의 탄성력을 활용하여 시스템에 적용할 수 있는 직선형 피스톤 액추에이터(Serial Piston Actuator, SPA)를 제안하고, 소규모 직선형 변위를 요구하는 시스템에서 유(공)압식 피스톤을 대치하거나 호환할 수 있는 목적을 가지며, 추후 이와 관련한 연구에 참고될 수 있는 실험용 모델을 구현하고 이를 해석하였다.

과학 논문 초록 말뭉치 구축 및 선학습 트랜스포머 기반 초록 자동구조화 방법 (Scientific Paper Abstract Corpus and Automatic Abstract Structure Parsing using Pretrained Transformer)

  • 김서경;조윤희;허세훈;정상근
    • 한국정보과학회 언어공학연구회:학술대회논문집(한글 및 한국어 정보처리)
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    • 한국정보과학회언어공학연구회 2020년도 제32회 한글 및 한국어 정보처리 학술대회
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    • pp.280-283
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    • 2020
  • 논문 초록은 논문의 내용을 요약해 제시함으로써 독자들의 연구결과물에 대한 빠른 검색과 이해를 도모한다. 초록의 구성은 대부분 전형적인 경우가 많기 때문에, 초록의 구조를 자동 분석하여 색인해두면 유사구조 초록을 검색하거나 생성하는 등의 연구효율화에 기여할 수 있다. 허세훈 외 (2019)는 초록 자동구조화를 위한 말뭉치 SPA2019 및 기계학습기반의 자동구조화 방법을 제시하였다. 본 연구는, 기존 SPA2019 의 구조화 오류를 바로잡고, SPA2019 에서 추출한 1,346 개의 초록데이터와 2,385 개의 초록데이터를 추가한 SPA2020 말뭉치를 새로이 소개한다. 또한, 다양한 선학습 기반 트랜스포머들을 활용하여 초록 자동구조화를 수행하였으며, 그 결과 BERT-0.86%, RoBERTa-0.86%, ALBERT-0.84%, XLNet-0.86%, DistilBERT-0.85% 등의 자동구조화 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.

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The sphenopalatine vein: anatomical study of a rarely described structure

  • Joe Iwanaga;Eric Pineda;Yusuke Miyamoto;Grzegorz Wysiadecki;Samir Anadkat;R. Shane Tubbs
    • Anatomy and Cell Biology
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    • 제56권2호
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    • pp.200-204
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    • 2023
  • Although in counterpart, the sphenopalatine artery (SPA), has been well described in the medical literature, the sphenopalatine vein (SPV) has received scant attention. Therefore, the present anatomical study was performed. Additionally, we discuss the variations, embryology, and clinical significance of the SPV. Adult cadaveric specimens underwent dissection of the SPV. In addition, some specimens were submitted for histological analysis of this structure. The SPV was found to drain from the sphenoidal sinus and nasal septum. Small tributaries traveled through the nasal septum with the posterior septal branches of the SPA and nasopalatine nerve. The SPA and SPV were found to travel through the sphenopalatine foramen and another tributary was found to perforate the medial plate of the pterygoid process and to connect to the pterygoid venous plexus which traveled lateral to the medial plate of the pterygoid process. The vein traveled through the posterior part of the lateral wall of the nasal cavity with the posterior lateral nasal branches of the SPA and the lateral superior posterior nasal branches of the maxillary nerve. To our knowledge, this is the first anatomical study on the SPV in humans. Data on the SPV provides an improved anatomical understanding of the vascular network of the nasal cavity. Developing a more complete picture of the nasal cavity and its venous supply might help surgeons and clinicians better manage clinical entities such as posterior epistaxis, cavernous sinus infections, and perform endoscopic surgery with fewer complications.

상표자산이 구매의도에 미치는 영향: 중국패션시장에서 (Brand Equity and Purchase Intention: The Fashion Market in China)

  • 이동해;최영로
    • 유통과학연구
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    • 제13권7호
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    • pp.85-90
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    • 2015
  • Purpose - Global trends play a part to change the structure of the fashion industry. In particular, companies attempting to conduct innovative marketing centering on such products as SPA brands are growing into global companies. SPA stands for "Specialty Store Retailer of Private Label Apparel", meaning its activities are fully integrated from manufacturing through sales, including material procurement design, product, distribution, inventory management, and final sales. For this reason, more understanding of individual corporate profitability is very sensitive to consumer's attitudinal changes. The effects that corporate marketing activities on customer lifetime value through brand attitude were analyzed based on a structural equation model. Rust suggested value equity, brand equity, and relationship equity as customer equity driver. The study examines Chinese consumer because China is the fastest growing fashion market in the world. Research design, data, and methodology - The survey targeted Chinese college student age 20s. Only respondents who had purchased SPA brands in the past year were included for this research. A total of 303, except for 47 missing data of 350 distributed questionnaires were included in this research. The questionnaire is consists of six part to measure value, brand, relationship equity, attitude toward brand, purchase intention and demographic characteristics. This research conducted exploratory factor analysis and reliability test. To verify research hypotheses, structural equation model test was conducted. As for customer equity, diversified models in consideration of the scope of acquisition data, a method of collection of data, influencing factor, and predictability were suggested based on a net present value model. However, the history of customer equity study is relatively short, and sufficient empirical analyses have not been conducted, so more integrated analysis is required. In this study, the concept of driver suggested by Rust was applied to figure out the effects that consumer's attitude has on customer equity. The customer equity driver suggested by them consists of brand equity, value equity, and relationship equity. Results - This study reveals that value equity and brand equity have a positive influence on relationship equity. And, relationship equity has a positive influence on purchase intention through brand attitude. However, value equity and brand equity do not influence on brand attitude. Conclusion - The results of this research generated following implications. First, SPA brands need to take advantage of their value equity such as perceived low price and up-to-date fashion style to attract Chinese young consumer. Second, strong brand equity promises dominants position in the competitive market. As Chinese fashion market grows rapidly, SPA brands can consider branding strategy such as flagship store and celebrity marketing enhancing brand image. Third, the core concept of customer equity strategy is to maintain a relationship with their expecting and existing customers. The relationship equity is built by brand equity and value equity. When SPA brands serves product and service meet with individual customers, customers have intimacy to the brands.

SPI 신뢰성 확보를 위한 SPICE 기반 6시그마 적용 사례 연구 (A case study of 6sigma application for the reliability in SPI based on SPICE)

  • 김종기;서장훈;박명규
    • 대한안전경영과학회지
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    • 제7권4호
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    • pp.141-163
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    • 2005
  • The international SPICE (Software Process Improvement and Capability determination) Project ISO/IEC 15504(SPICE : Software Process Improvement and Capability determination) is an emerging International Standard on SPA(Software Process Assessment). A prime motivation for developing this standard has been the perceived need for an internationally recognized software process assessment framework that pulls together the existing public and proprietary models and methods. A SPICE assessment can be considered as one of representative SPA model since assessors assign ratings to indicators and metrics to measure the capability of software process. But this models doesn't provide a systematic measurement procedures and dynamic method for SPI(Software Process Improvement). Through the evaluation of SPICE is capable of providing a substantiated basis for using the notion of capability, as well as providing information for nacessary improvements to the standard using 6sigma process. As a result, this paper propose a measurement procedure and guidelines for application of 6sigma process to guarantee the reliability in SPI and suggest the structure to support SPI on overall organization.

리조트의 시장세분화와 포지셔닝에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Market Segmentation and the Positioning of Resorts)

  • 이진희;김유일
    • 한국조경학회지
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    • 제25권4호
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    • pp.1-17
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    • 1998
  • Most of the tourist resort facilities in our country cannot be used in the winter season, and only a few spa resorts and sky resorts are available in the winter. To ameliorate this problem, various types of winter resort facilities have been constructed since 1970s and the massive development of winter resort facilities changed the resort market from a seller's market to a buyer's market. There has been however,few researches on marketing strategies for winter resorts, and there is a growing need for a rational method to maximize tourists' satisfaction and developers'profit at the same time. This research aims to develop a positining strategy to engance the marketability of winter resorts by classifying the resort market with the self-image types of users, and by analyzing the structure of the market, users' preferences, and locational factors. A survey was conducted with cases of Yong-Pyung resort, Mu-Ju resort, Alps resort, Bears resort, Back-Am spa resort, Su-An-Bo spa resort, and I-Chon spa resort. A list of questions in five categories -- similarity, characteristics, preferences, self-image, and personal characteristics of the respondents -- was constructed and tested. Among the 750 copies of questionnaire distributed, 700 were returned by only 378 were analyzed after screening missing or reckless answers. The statistical analysis of the data were conducted using techniques of correlation analysis, frequency analysis, factor analysis. Factor analysis and cluster analysis were used to group the cluster of self-image and a discriminant analysis were used to confirm this classification. The demographical characteristics were identified by frequency analysis, and resorts attributes were analyzed by oneway ANOVA analysis. Multidimensional scaling methods such as KYST, PROFIT, and PREFMAP were used for the positioning strategy.

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Analysis on the spread variance by the spill-over spot on the spark sonance

  • Kim, Jeong-lae;Hwang, Kyu-sung
    • International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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    • 제7권1호
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    • pp.237-242
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    • 2019
  • Spark variance technique is melded the jagged spill-over-sonance status of the glitter-differentiation knowledge level (GDKL) on the spark knowledge gestalt. The knowledge level condition by the spark knowledge gestalt system is comprised with the spill-over-sonance system. As to search a spot of the glitter situation, we are obtained of the spark value with black-red dot by the spill-over upper structure. The concept of knowledge level is comprised the reference of glitter-differentiation level for variance signal by the spark sonance gestalt. Further presenting a jagged variance of the GDKL of the maximum in terms of the spill-over-sonance gestalt, and spark spot sonance that was the a spark value of the far variance of the Spa-kg-FA-${\rho}_{MAXN}$ with $17.68{\pm}2.22units$, that was the a spark value of the convenient variance of the Spa-kg-CO-${\rho}_{MAXN}$ with $7.55{\pm}0.59units$, that was the a spark value of the flank variance of the Spa-kg-FL-${\rho}_{MAX}$ with $2.70{\pm}0.48units$, that was the a spark value of the vicinage variance of the Spa-kg-VI-${\rho}_{MAX}$ with $0.48{\pm}0.05units$. The spill-over sonance will be to appraisal at the jagged ability of the spill-over-sonance gestalt with black-red dot by the spark knowledge level on the GDKL that is presented the glitter-differentiation gestalt by the knowledge level system. Spill-over knowledge system will be possible to restrain of a gestalt by the special signal and to employ a spark data of spill-over sonance level.

DNA microarray-based characterization and antimicrobial resistance phenotypes of clinical MRSA strains from animal hosts

  • Schmitt, Sarah;Stephan, Roger;Huebschke, Ella;Schaefle, Daniel;Merz, Axel;Johler, Sophia
    • Journal of Veterinary Science
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    • 제21권4호
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    • pp.54.1-54.11
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    • 2020
  • Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a leading cause of severe infections in humans and animals worldwide. Studies elucidating the population structure, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec types, resistance phenotypes, and virulence gene profiles of animal-associated MRSA are needed to understand spread and transmission. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine 1) clonal complexes and spa types, 2) resistance phenotypes, and 3) virulence/resistance gene profiles of MRSA isolated from animals in Switzerland. Methods: We analyzed 31 presumptive MRSA isolates collected from clinical infections in horses, dogs, cattle, sheep, and pigs, which had tested positive in the Staphaurex Latex Agglutination Test. The isolates were characterized by spa typing and DNA microarray profiling. In addition, we performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing using the VITEK 2 Compact system. Results: Characterization of the 31 presumptive MRSA isolates revealed 3 methicillinresistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates, which were able to grow on MRSA2 Brilliance agar. Of the 28 MRSA isolates, the majority was assigned to CC398 (86%), but CC8 (11%) and CC1 (4%) were also detected. The predominant spa type was t011 (n = 23), followed by t009 (n = 2), t034 (n = 1), t008 (n = 1), and t127 (n = 1). Conclusions: The results of this study extend the current body of knowledge on the population structure, resistance phenotypes, and virulence and resistance gene profiles of MRSA from livestock and companion animals.