• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.297-300
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• 2013

EPS producing bacteria were enumerated in ginseng root system (rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane, inside of root). EPS producing bacterial density of rhizosphere soil, rhizoplane and inside of root were distributed $9.0{\times}10^6$ CFU/g, $7.0{\times}10^6$ CFU/g, and $1.4{\times}10^3$ CFU/g, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis of the 24 EPS producing isolates based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, EPS producing isolates from rhizosphere soil (RS) belong to genus Arthrobacter (6 strains) and Rhizobium (1 strain). EPS producing bacteria from rhizoplane (RP) were Arthrobacter (6 strains), Rhodococcus (1 strain) and Pseudomonas (1 strain). EPS producing bacteria from inside of root (IR) were categorized into Rhzobium (6 strains), Bacillus (1 strain), Rhodococcus (1 strain), and Pseudomonas (1 strain). Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Arthrobacter may be a member of representative EPS producing bacteria from ginseng rhizosphere soil and rhizoplane, and Rhizobium is typical EPS producing isolates from inside of ginseng root. The yield of EPS was 10.0 and 4.9 g/L by Rhizobium sp. 1NP2 (KACC 17637) and Arthrobacter sp. 5MP1 (KACC 17636). The purified EPS were analyzed by Bio-LC and glucose, galactose, mannose and glucosamine were detected. The major EPS sugar of these strains was glucose (72.7-84.9%).

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.301-309
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• 1993

An alkalophilic Cephalosporium sp. RYM-202 capable of producing cellulase components was isolated from soil. This organism grew best at an initial pH 9.0 and produced cellulase maximal at an initial pH 9.5-10.0. Three carboxymethyl cellulases(CMCases), P-I-I, P-I-II and P-II-I, were partially purified by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange column followed by Sephadex G-150 gel filtration. The optimum pH values for activity were 7.5 for P-I-I, 8.0-9.5 for P-I-II and 7.5-10.0 for P-II-I. All CMCases were stable between pH 4.5 and 12.0. Temperature optima for activity ranged between 40 and $60^{\circ}C$ and more than 50% of the maximum activity was observed at $20^{\circ}C$ for both of P-I-I and P-II-I. The activity of CMCases was significantly stable in the presence of various laundry components, such as, surfactants, chelating agents and alkaline proteinases.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.647-654
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• 1992

In order to study the physiological properties of the intestinal bacteria, we isolated the intestinal bacteria of Koreans and tested the enzymatic patterns. Isolated Bifidobacterium sp. Int-57 had the higher activity of $\alpha$-glucosidase, $\beta$-glucosidase, $\alpha$-galactosidase, $\beta$-galactosidase. $\beta$-xylosidase and $\alpha$-arabinofuranosidase than other intestinal microorganisms. The effect of the carbon sources on the production of each enzymes of Bijidobacterium sp. Int-57 was investigated. The most suitable carbon source for the production of $\beta$-glucosidase was maltose, for a-glucosidase cellobiose, for $\alpha$-galactosidase raffinose, for $\beta$-galactosidase lactose, and for $\beta$-xylosidase and $\alpha$-arabinofuranosidase xylose, respectively. In addition, we investigated the optimal conditions and pH stability of each crude enzymes. The optimal condition of a-glucosidase was pH 6.0 and $40^{\circ}C$. that of Jj-glucosidase pH 7.0 and 50oe, that of $\beta$-galactosidase pH 7.0 and $50^{\circ}C$, that of $\beta$-xylosidase pH 6.0 and $40^{\circ}C$ , and that of $\alpha$-arabinofuranosidase pH 5.0 and $50^{\circ}C$. respectively. a-Glucosidase was stable at pH 4.0-9.0. Jj-glucosidase at pH 4.0-7.0. $\beta$-galactosidase at pH 4.0-9.0, $\beta$-xylosidase at pH 4.0-6.0, and /3-arabinofuranosidase at pH 7.0-9.0, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• 제89권1호
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• pp.65-76
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• 2000

Lichen flora of 'Backwoon' mountain, Korea, was investigated during the summer of 1998 and 1999 to screen out lichen species which can be used as a biomonitor for atmospheric ozone. The identified foliose or fructicose lichens in the area were classified into 9 families, 20 genera and 34 species. The dominant lichen species in the area were found to be Leptogium sp., Parmelia sp., Parmotrema sp., Phaeophyscia sp. and Cladonia sp. It was also found that lichen species showing a wide range of sensitiveness to air pollution were distributed in 'Backwoon' mountain. The Parmotrema austrosinense, P. tinctorum, Certrelia braunsiana and Ramalina yasudae collected in the area were exposed to ozone at the level of 200ppb, 8hr/day in controlled growth chamber for 2 weeks. Malondialdehyde(MDA), hydroperoxy conjugated dienes(HPCD), soluble protein content and OD435nm/OD415nm ratio for phaeophytinization of chlorophyll were measured and a pollution index(PI) was calculated for each lichen. Ozone exposure severely damaged to the lichens in the order of P. austrosinense>P. tinctorum>C. braunsiana>R. yasudae. P. austrosinens easily identified and widely distributed in Korea is likely to be a very useful biomonitor of air pollution, especially for ozone. These results indicate that Korean lichen species can be used as a biomonitor for air pollution to evaluate air quality contaminated with ozone.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.277-294
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• 2001

Four new and two known species of soil nematodes belonging the order Dorylaimida are described and illustrated. Discolaimium gyeongiens n. sp. is 1.6~1.7 mm long, c=37~41, odontostyle 19~21$\mu\textrm{m}$ long and is characterized by having wider lip region and very short prerectum. Aporcelaimellus donghwaens n. sp. is 2.8~2.9mm long, c=40.0~4.5, odontostyle 19~20$\mu\textrm{m}$ long and is characterized by possessing shorter odontophore, presence of cardiac disc and conoid tail. Labronema korandus n. sp. is 2.2~2.3 mm long, c=68~81, odontostyle 27~28$\mu\textrm{m}$, spicule 61$\mu\textrm{m}$ long and is characterized by having continuous lip region, circular vulva and cylindrical tail. Zalophidera longus n. sp. is 4.1~4.4mm long, c=107~130, spear 80~93$\mu\textrm{m}$ long and is characterized by large sized body, spear and spear extension. Discolaimoides bulbiferous and Diphtherophora communis were reported here for the first time in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.545-550
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• 2002

A hemolysin producing bacterial strain which belong to Vibrio species was isolated from the Kum River estuary. In the process of identification, the strain did not show characteristics of known Vibrio species; thus, the strain was designated as Vibrio sp, E10 (V. kunsan) tentatively and further identification study was carried out by comparing its bacteriological characteristics. Morphologically Vibrio sp, E10 was comma shaped rod with a polar flagellium. Clear hemolysis zones were observed with the strain against human and sheep blood agar. Hemollytic toxicity was confirmed by strong vascular Permeability and fatal toxicity against mouse was also observed. Therefore the strain was a pathogenic vibrio. Growth conditions for Vibrio sp. E10 were ranged salinity of 0$\~$$4.5\%$, pH of 6.2$\~$9.2, temperature of 14$\~$42$^{\circ}C$, respectively, 16S rDNA partial sequence of Vibrio sp, E10 showed $99\%$ homology with dozens of V. cholerae species including V, cholerae El Tor N16961 and V, snmisnfus ATCC 33653T. This strain belonged to Proteobacteria; gamma subdivision; Vibrionacea: Vibrio. But, among knorn Vibrio species no identical styains were found when using automatic bacteria identification system ($MicroLog^{TM}$system, release 4.0, Biolog Inc., USA) which evaluated the ability of metabolizing 95 kinds of carbon and nitrogen sources. Vibrio sp, E10 showed 18 and 11 different responses as compared to V. mimicus and V, cholerae, respectively.

• The Korean Journal of Soil Zoology
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.89-100
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• 1999

Four new and a known spacies of the order Mononchida were described and illustrated. Iotonchus obtusus sp. n. was 2.8 mm long, a=33, b=4.2, c=61, V=68%, buccal cavity=61${\times}$45 mm, and is characterized by having basally situated dorsal tooth, presence of vulval papillae and in having short, hemispherical tail with thick cuticle at terminus. Miconchus vulvapapillatum sp. . was 2.7-3.6 mm long, a=29-36, b=4.1-4.5, c=18.4-21, V=65-69%, buccal cavity=53-61${\times}$29-33 mm, spicules=132-137 mm, ventromedian supplements 28-31, and was characterized by having 5-8 pre- and post vulval papillae in contiguous series, and three pairs of vulval glands. Clarkus koreanus sp. n. was 1.1-1.3 mm long, a=27.5-28.8, b=3.5-3.9, c=12-14.5, V=60-64%, buccal cavity=24-28${\times}$13.5-15 mm, and was characterized by well offset lip region, amphids situated well below to dorsal tooth apex, and vulva elevated, with vulval flap. Coomansus ulsani sp. n. was 1.2-1.5 mm long, a=23.5-26, b=3.4-3.8, c=13.6-14.8, V=65-68%, buccal cavity=36-39${\times}$21-23 mm and was characterized by well offset lip region and a thin longitudinal ridge on vertical walls of stoma.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.923-931
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• 2002

Sopungsungi-won (SP) is a known for\mula for senile constipation and diabetes mellitus, based on traditional Korean medicine. The preventive effect of SP on the development of overt diabetes in Zucker diabetic fatty (ZDF) rats was evaluated. When administered orally through a diet for 8 weeks, diabetic conditions such as hyperglycemia, polydipsia and hypertriglyceridemia were all ameliorated in SP-treated rats. In parallel with the onset and progression of hyperglycemia in the ZDF control rats; there was a marked decline in plasma insulin concentrations from 26.1 $\mu$U/ml, at age 7 weeks, to 14.8 $\mu$U/ml at age 15 weeks. In the SP-treated rats, however, the plasma insulin concentrations did not decline, and SP at a dose of 5 g/kg significantly increased the insulin levels to 31.9 $\mu$U/ml. Early normalization of plasma insulin and a retained ability to subsequently increase plasma insulin were indicative of a pancreatic $\beta$ cell protective action by the SP for\mula. In addition, expressions of an insulin-responsive gene and corresponding protein, glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), in skeletal \muscle, were also determined in SP- and rosiglitazone-treated ZDF rats. mRNA and protein levels of GLUT4 in SP-treated rats were upregulated in a dose dependent manner. Furthermore, when ZDF rats were treated with 2 g/kg of the SP for\mula, the activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was decreased by 49%, whereas the activity of glucokinase was increased by 196%, compared to the ZDF control rats. Taken together, these data provide evidence that the SP for\mula markedly lowered the plasma glucose levels, probably through an effect not only on improvement of insulin action, but through a combined sti\mulation of glycolysis and an inhibition of gluconeogenesis in the liver, and also suggest the validity of SP's clinical use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus following further toxicological investigation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 1998

Fugi are eukaryotic, nonphotosynthetic, filamentous or unicellular organisms, most of which grow on nonliving materials as saphrophytes. The majority are therefore opportunistic pathogens and predisposing factors often contribute to the establishment of fungal infection. These include an alteration in the normal flora of the host by prolonged administration of antibiotics, immunosup-pression, concurrent infections, damage to the skin or mucous membranes, constantly moist areas of skin or the exposure to a large infective dose, and as with fungal spores. Fungi may cause a variety of diseases which may be due directly to fungal invasion of tissue or more often to the ingestion of toxins produces by fungi in growing, standing or stored grains and other animals feeds. In this experiment, contaminated fugi were isolated and identified from animal feedstuffs such as Korean cattle, milking cows, pigs and chickens. Twelve genues were isolated from animal feeds, they are 9 from Korean cattle and milking cows feeds, 6 from pigs feeds, and 10 from chickens feeds. Among them, most frequently encountered species was Yeast(56 strains), followed by Fusarium sp(41 strains), Aspergillus sp(20 strains), each of Micorsporum sp and Trichophyton sp(17 strains), Penicilium sp(12 strains), in order. And also minority was isolated as Candide sp(4 strains), Trichoderma sp(3 strains), each of Epidermophytom sp and Absida sp(2 strains), and each of Sporothrix sp and Maduromyces sp(1 strain). Among the Aspergillus sp 20 isolates, A flavus(5 strains), A nidulans(4 strains), A fumigatus(3 strains), A glucans(3 strains), A niger(3 strains) and A terreus(2 strains) were identified.

• Proceedings of the Korean Journal of Food and Nutrition Conference
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• 한국식품영양학회 2001년도 동계 학술심포지움
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• pp.123-123
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• 2001

주류는 미생물에 의한 효소작용으로 원료 성분이 분해됨으로서 생성되는 당분, 아미노산, 유기산등의 맛 성분과 발효과정 동안 생성되는 휘발성 성분들이 조화되어 상당히 다양한 성분들이 향미에 관여하므로 향기의 주성분 규명이나 향기성분을 이용한 품질의 규격화가 매우 어려운 문제로 보여진다. 술덧의 안전한 발효와 잡균오염을 방지하여 품질이 균일한 술을 생산할 목적으로 재래누룩과는 별도로 Aspergillus kawachii등의 균을 이용한 개량곡자(koji)가 술 제조시에 많이 이용되고 있으나 이러한 방법은 탁주의 대량생산과 수율은 증가시켰으나 다양한 품질이나 맛의 향상은 기대하기 어렵다. 본 실험은 재래누룩에서 분리된 곰팡이 10종과 대조균주로 Aspergillus kawachii CF1002 그리고 효모 Saccharomyces cerevisiae를 이용하여 술을 담금하여 그 제품의 headspace gas를 포집하여 GC/MS로 휘발성 향기성분을 분석하였으며 또한 관능평가를 실시하여 검토하였다. 각 균주별로 총 27∼40종의 향기성분이 확인되었으며 전체 시료에서 알콜(peak area% 52.3 9∼70.36%), 알칸류(3.49∼14.17%), 에스테르류(3.23∼7.37%), 유기산류(0∼2.85%), 알데히드류(0∼0.44%)의 순으로 함유량이 높은 것으로 나타났다. GC/MS를 통한 향기성분의 분석 결과 각각의 선발 균주로 제조된 술의 향기성분의 패턴이 서로 상이하였으며 이것은 통계분석에 의해 그 특징이 유의적으로 분석되어 Aspergillus sp. SH-607, Aspergillus sp. SH-613, Aspergillus sp. SH-667, Aspergillus sp. SH-696 그리고 Aspergillus sp. SH-412는 기호도가 높은 것으로 관찰되었다. 수집된 우수균주 10종과 Aspergillus kawachii등으로 담금하여 제조한 술 시료 11종류를 대상으로 하여 쓴맛, 미묘한 맛, 떫은 맛, 신맛, 좋은 맛의 정도를 5단계로 나누어 관능검사를 실시한 다음 자료를 Duncan's multiple range test로 분석한 결과 전체적으로 좋은 맛에 대한 기호도는 Aspergillus sp. SH-607 시료와 Aspergillus sp. SH-412, Rhizopus sp. SH-606, Aspergillus sp. SH-613, Rhizopus sp. SH-654, Aspergillus sp. SH-696 Aspergillus kawachii 시료가 유의성 있게 좋은 맛을 나타내 기호도가 높았으며 맛과 기호도가 가장 좋았던 것은 Aspergillus sp. SH-607 시료로 나타났다.