• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.834-845
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• 1995

This study was conducted in order to establish an in vitro method simulating the physiological function of fibers along the large intestine of humans. Commercial fibers including guar gum, apple pectin, citrus pectin, CM-cellulose, alginic acid and $\alpha$-cellulose, and dietary fiber residues obtained from rice bran, barley, soybean, Korea cabbage, apple, tangerine and sea mustard were employed to determine the water-holding capacity, weight of hydrated residue and fiber content after anaerobic fermentation using human fecal inoculum for 24 hours, followed by dialysis under osmotic suction pressure. The weight of hydrated residue in commercial fibers was in the decreasing order of CM-cellulose > alginic acid, $\alpha$-cellulose > apple pectin, citrus pectin > guar gum and that in food fiber residues was in the decreasing order of rice bran, sea mustard > soybean > tangerine, Korean cabbage > barley > apple. It was demonstrated that the larger the weight of hydrated residue was, the more the weight of human stool increased. Consequently this in vitro method can be used as a preceeding test before undertaking animal or human experiment to predict the physiological effects of fiber residues from diverse food samples as well as commercially refined fibers.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.102-102
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• 2019

Soybean curd residue (SCR), known as a major waste product of soybean processing, is the water-insoluble fraction which is removed by filtration during soymilk production. For these reasons, SCR was usually considered as food waste. SCR might have a good potential as a functional food material, value-added processing and utilization. SCR contains high-quality protein and consists of a good source of nutrients, including protein, oil, dietary fiber, minerals, along with un-specified monosaccharides and oligosaccharides. Also, SCR might be a potential source of low cost protein for human consumption. However, SCR could be a source of bacterial contamination when during food processing. This study was aimed to investigate antibacterial capacity of natural product through detecting relationship between SCR and microbial. We isolated five bacterial strains from SCR and elucidated antibacterial activity of nature medicines to extend storage capacity of food made with SCR. Thus, the extract which showed antibacterial effects in Corynebacterium calloonae and Raoultella amithinolytica is a combination of seven kinds of extracts: Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Cudrania tricuspidata, Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, blueberry, Acorus gramineus, Ginkgo biloba L., Camellia sinensis. This study suggested that antibacterial activities of natural medicines could be used for extension of storage capacity in SCR-contained food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.1431-1435
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• 2007

Soybean curds were prepared by adding different levels (20, 40, and 60%) of small black soybean, and the quality characteristics of the soybean curds were investigated. The yield of soybean curd increased slightly with the increment of the levels of small black soybean, whereas L value (lightness) and b value (yellowness) decreased. Analysis of textural properties demonstrated that the addition of small black soybean lowered the hardness and chewiness of soybean curd, while it slightly increased the cohesiveness and adhesiveness. Antioxidant activities of soybean curd, soybean curd residue, and soybean curd whey were estimated by determining electron donating ability (EDA) to DPPH radical and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. These activities in all of the samples increased with the addition of small black soybean, especially in soybean curd residue and soybean curd whey; also, soybean curd whey containing small black soybean showed the highest activities.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.345-350
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• 2003

A series of aqueous extracts and residues from leaves, stems, roots, pods and seeds of Korean black soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) were assayed against alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and barnyard grass (Echinochloa crus-galli) to determine their allelopathic activities through petri-dish and greenhouse experiments, and the results showed highest inhibition in the extracts or residues from the seeds, and followed by pods. The extracts of 40g dry tissue $\textrm{L}^{-1}$ applied on filter paper in petri-dish bioassay significantly inhibited root growth of alfalfa, and especially extracts from seeds and pods reduced root length of alfalfa more than those from leaves, stems, or roots. Plant height, root length, shoot and root dry weights of barnyard grass were reduced significantly by residue incorporation of seeds and pods as the incorporated amount increased. These results suggest that black soybean plants had herbicidal potential, and their activities were exhibited differently depending on plant parts.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.432-439
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: An official analytical method was developed to determine etofenprox residues in agricultural commodities using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). METHODS AND RESULTS: The etofenprox residue was extracted with acetone from representative samples of five raw products which comprised rice grain, apple, mandarin, cabbage, and soybean. The extract was then serially purified by liquid-liquid partition and Florisil column chromatography. For rice and soybean samples, acetonitrile/n-hexane partition was additionally coupled to remove nonpolar lipids. Reversed phase HPLC using an octadecylsilyl column was successfully applied to separate etofenprox from co-extractives. Intact etofenprox was sensitively detected by ultraviolet absorption at 225 nm. Recovery experiment at the quantitation limit validated that the proposed method could apparently determine the etofenprox residue at 0.02 mg/kg. Mean recoveries from five crop samples fortified at three levels in triplicate were in the range of 93.6~106.4%. Relative standard deviations of the analytical method were all less than 10%, irrespective of crop types. A selected-ion monitoring LC/mass spectrometry with positive atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization was also provided to confirm the suspected residue. CONCLUSION(s): The proposed method is simple, rapid and sensitive enough to be employed in routine inspection or monitoring of agricultural products for the etofenprox residue.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.248-256
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• 1997

In order to establish a optimum level and proper method of fly ash application for soybean cultivation, the successive three years experiment was conducted in the field applied with four application levels of fly ash, 0, 30, 60, 90 MT/ha during the 1991 to 1993. Influence of successive application and residue of fly ash in soil on soybean growth and yield was discussed. Fly ash application had a favorable effect on soybean growth, however over application such as 90 MT/ha caused to turn the color into the brown of young leaf edge and eventually to have necrosis on the leaf. This symptom was prominent under the application of bituminous coal fly ash. In the 1st year cultivation of soybean, the highest yield was obtained at application level of 30 MT/ha. In the 2nd year, application of anthracite fly ash showed the highest yield at 60 MT/ha for successive application and at 90 MT/ha for the 1st year application followed by the 2nd year residue. Application of bituminous coal fly ash showed the highest yield at 60 MT/ha for the both successive application and residue. In the 3rd year, successive application of the both fly ash was given the highest yield at 30 MT/ha, respectively indicating the decrease of yield with increasing level of application. In case of residue plot, the highest yield by the application of anthracite fly ash was made at 90 MT/ha for the 1st year application followed by 2 years residue and at 60 MT/ha for the 1st and 2nd year application followed by the 3rd year residue. But in the residue plot of bituminous coal fly ash, yield was highest at 30 MT/ha showing the decrease of yield with increasing level of residue. Enhancement in growth and yield of soybean by application of fly ash was due to the fact that fly ash contained some plant nutrients such as phosphorus, silicon, and boron etc. and reformed soil pH that caused to increase availability of nutrients in soil.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.638-643
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• 1996

The efficiency of dewatering of soybean milk residue was improved by hydraulic pressing after pH adjustment to 4.5 with organic acids such as acetic and lactic acids. Water content of raw soybean milk residue was reduced from 80% to 72% by pressing after pH adjustment, while only to 78% by the conventional hydraulic press. The water content of the residue after pH adjustment was further reduced to 63% by hydraulic pressing with ohmic heating. The pH adjustment facilitated separation of cake from the filter cloth and reduced the solid content of the expressed liquid from 10 to 3%.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.516-522
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• 2016

We investigated the effects of the predominant lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on the fermentation characteristics and aerobic stability of total mixed ration (TMR) silage containing soybean curd residue (SC-TMR silage). The SC-TMR materials were ensiled in laboratory silos for 14 or 56 days. LAB predominant in SC-TMR silage were identified (Exp. 1). Lactobacillus fermentum (L. fermentum) and Streptococcus bovis (S. bovis) were found in the untreated materials, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (L. pseudomesenteroides) in 14-day silage and Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) in all silages. Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici), Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei), and Lactobacillus brevis (L. brevis) formed more than 90% of the isolates in 56- day silage. Italian ryegrass and whole crop maize were inoculated with P. acidilactici and L. brevis isolates and the fermentation and aerobic stability determined (Exp. 2). Inoculation with P. acidilactici and L. brevis alone or combined improved the fermentation products in ryegrass silage and markedly enhanced its aerobic stability. In maize silage, P. acidilactici and L. brevis inoculation caused no changes and suppressed deterioration when combined with increases in acetic acid content. The results indicate that P. acidilactici and L. brevis may produce a synergistic effect to inhibit SC-TMR silage deterioration. Further studies are needed to identify the inhibitory substances, which may be useful for developing potential antifungal agents.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.79-84
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• 1998

Tandem HPLC and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization(APcI) LC/MS method was used for the determination and confirmation of carbendazim residues in soybean sprout. Fluorescence(FL) detector was connected in tandem with the ultraviolet(UV) detector for dual detection of the carbendazim residue at the excitation and emission wavelength of 280 nm and 310 nm, respectively. The limit of detection for carbendazim was $0.1{\mu}g/kg$ sample. Recoveries of carbendazim from fortified soybean sprout at 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ppm were averaged 89.1%. Mass spectrometry using a APcI source confirmed the carbendazim residue in the soybean sprout sample. Fragmentation pattern on the APcI LC/MS spectrum of carbendazim was simpler than that from electron impact(EI) mass spectrum. Carbendazim produced 3 major ions including m/z 133, m/z 159 and m/z 191($M^{+}$). This method was sensitive enough to provide reliable and reproducible results for practical applications.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.861-868
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• 2012

During two years, four samples per year were collected in Vietnam from rice bran, cassava residue, brewer's grain, tofu residue, soybean meal, coconut cake, sweet potato vines and water spinach for chemical analysis and assessment of water holding capacity (WHC). The selected feedstuffs represent fibre-rich plant sources and agro-industry co-products commonly used in pig feeding in Vietnam. The content (g/kg DM) of crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE) and non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) varied between feedstuffs and ranged from 21 to 506 for CP, from 14 to 118 for EE and from 197 to 572 for NSP. Cassava residue had a high starch content of 563 g/kg DM, while sweet potato vines, water spinach, coconut cake and soybean meal had a high content of sugars (63-71 g/kg DM). The content of individual neutral sugars varied between feed ingredients, with the highest content of arabinose, galactose and glucose in tofu residue, the highest content of xylose in brewer's grain and the highest content of mannose in coconut cake. The content of uronic acid was high for cassava residue, tofu residue, sweet potato vines and water spinach (57-88 g/kg DM). The content of soluble non-cellulosic polysaccharides (S-NCP) was positively correlated ($r^2$ = 0.82) to the WHC. The content (g/kg DM) of CP, NDF, neutral sugars, total NSP, total NCP, S-NCP and total dietary fibre in tofu residue, water spinach and coconut cake varied (p<0.05) between years. In conclusion, diet formulation to pigs can be improved if the variation in chemical composition of the fibre fraction and in WHC between potential feed ingredients is taken into account.