• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.373-381
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• 1999

Six soybean cultivars having different SDS susceptibility were planted with sorghum seedinoculum infested with F. solani isolate 171 in the greenhouse. First leaf symptoms appeared on unifoliar leaves at 9 days after inoculation and all cultivars showed the typical leaf symptoms at 13 days after inoculation, when trifoliar leaves emerged. Leaf symptoms development in susceptible cultivars was faster than in resistant cultivars. Leaf symptom severities during the period of 25 to 29 days after inoculation showed a significant difference between cultivars which had SDS resistance and sus ceptibility. In this period, area under the diseaseprogress curve (AUDPC) of Hartz 6686 was the highest and that of PI 520733 was the lowest. SDS caused serious damage to the growth of soybean in all cultivars. Average reductions of growth rate of root fresh weight and dry weight were greater than those of plant tops. Duyu-kong showed less severe leaf symptoms than that of SDS suscetible cultivars; however, average growth rate of plants top and roots of this cultivar was less but not significantly different than those of SDS susceptible cultivars. In all cultivars, as severity of leaf symptoms increased, plant top weight decreased. Root rot symptoms were observed in all cultivars before leaf symptoms appeared. Average proportions of tap root reddish-brown discoloration of all cultivars was up to 75 % at 15 days after inoculati on; however there was no significant differenc between cultivars at each rating date. Appearances of leaf symptoms on leaves varied in each cultivar. SDS resistant cultivars had a significantly higher level of crinkling than susceptible cultivars and SDS susceptible cultivars had a significantly higher level of necrosis than resistant cultivars. Further study will be needed to identify the relationships between the physiological growth rate and SDS severities in soybeans.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 1986

This experiment was carried out to obtain some information about the growth habit and morphological and anatomical characteristics of fasciated soybean, var. Buchai-kong. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Main stern of fasciated soybean, var. Buchai-kong was gradually broadened and became flat, on which leaves emerged irregularly compared with normal soybean, var. Danyeop-kong. The number of leaves on main stern was more in Buchai-kong, but the total number of leaves per plant was not considerably different each other. 2. The degree of fasciation (max./min. in diameter at the broadened part) in main stern of Buchai-kong was about 3.1, and was related to the amount of growth of main stern and branches of Danyeop-kong. Stern fasciation types found in Buchai-kong were linear (the most common) and bifurcated with regard to branching of main stern tip. 3. The number of branches per plant was much less in Buchai-kong than in Danyeop-kong. There were fas-ciated branches and fasciated petiole in Buchai-kong. 4. About 75 percent of pods of Buchai-kong were concentrated on the top of stern, which showed strong pod clustering. 5. Seed yield per plant of Buchai-kong was about 60 percent of that of Danyeop-kong, and the decrease in seed yield was mostly affected by the decrease in seed weight and seeds per pod. 6. The number of vascular bundles of transection of mature stern was more in Buchai-kong, but Danyeop-kong developed the better vascular bundle.

• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the fatty acid composition of newly developed tissues of germinated soybean seeds. Five soybean accessions with varied fatty acid composition were allowed to germinate in sand under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings were picked up after 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days of germination and freeze dried. The fatty acid composition of the newly developed tissues was analyzed by gas chromatography. Significant variation in fatty acid composition was observed between accessions, days of germination, and variety ${\times}$ day of germination in whole and the cotyledons. In the case of newly developed five tissues, significant variation in fatty acid composition were observed between days of germination except oleic acid for root, hypocotyl and epicotyl stem and except stearic acid for hypocotyl and unifoliate leaves while all the parameters were significantly different for accession. Significant interactions of accession and days of germination were observed for palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acid in all tissues; only for oleic acid in hypocotyl, epicotyl and unifoliate leaves; and only for stearic acid in root, hypocotyl, epicotyl and unifoliate leaves. During germination, the fatty acid composition of newly developed tissues changed dramatically but whole seedlings and cotyledons changed slightly. These tissues contained five major fatty acids as found in original seeds, but compositions were totally different from that of the seed: higher in palmitic, stearic and linolenic acid and lower in oleic and linoleic acid. New tissues conserved their fatty acid compositions regardless of genotypic variation in the original seeds.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 1989

The immunochemical property of lectin in soybean and the presence of lectin in seeds of six soybean cultivars were investigated by immunochemical methods. All seeds of six soybean cultivars formed one precipitin line against the soybean lectin antibody and showed immunochemically homologous precipitin pattern among the cultivars in immunodouble diffusion test. Four antigenic components in soybean lectin were detected by the crossed imuno-electrophoresis of a soybean seed antigen against the soybean lectin antibody. Cultivar, Jangyeop-kong contained the highest amount of lectin and the next were Kwangkyo, Hwangkeumkong, Baegunkong, and Jangbaegkong or Paldal-kong in order of lectin content. The lectin purified from the seeds of six soybean cultivars agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes, but did not agglutinate the fungal spores which were Fusarium sp., Alternaria sp., Cuvalaria sp., and Colletotrichum sp. isolated from the infected seeds or leaves of soybean.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.16
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• pp.24-30
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• 1998

This experiment was carried out to elucidate and study about plant defense mechanism subjected to water stress(drought, flooding). We measured water content, total soluble protein content as stress marker and superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase (CAT) as antioxidant enzymes subjected to water stress(drought, flooding) and recovery in soybean leaves. The results obtained were as follows; Two soybean lines(keonolkong, euhakong)leaves exposed to water stress (drought, flooding) showed premature senescence as evidence by the decrease in water content, and total soluble protein content, but those of soybean leaves subject to water stress recovery for 3 days were recovered. Visual damage was much worse at drought stress than flooding stress and was worse keunolkong than enhakong. The activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase subjected to water stress(drought, flooding)was on the decrease, but degree of decrease was different from a sort of soybean lines, drought and flooding stress.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 1994

This study was carried out to get information on the cause of low photosynthesis ofKorean ginseng, a shade plant. Photosynthesis, water content, stomatal conductance and water potential in leaves of ginseng and soybean were investigated. The light intensity for maximum photosynthesis was about $300{\mu}E\;/\;m^2\;/\;s^2$ in ginseng and about $800{\mu}E\;/\;m^2\;/\;s^2$ in soybean, respectively Photosynthesis was remarkably lower in ginseng than in soybean under the same light intensity and $temperature(at\;20^{\circ}C)$. Photosynthesis of detached leaves was stopped in shorter time in ginseng than in soybean particularly at high $temperature(30^{\circ}C)$. The decreasing rate of water content in detached leaves was slower in ginseng than that of soybean, while the remained water level in the leaves was much higher in $ginseng(70{\sim}71%)\;than\;in\;soybean(50{\sim}53%)$ when photosynthesis was stopped. Water content had a positive correlationwith photosynthesis in both plants. However, at the same water level, the ratio of photosynthesis to water content was remarkably lower in ginseng than In soybean. The relationship between the stomatal conductance and photosynthesis was significantly positive correlation in the both plants. The ratio of photosynthesis to stomatal conductance was similar in booth plants below about 40 $mmol\;/\;m^2\;/\;s\;at\;20^{\circ}C$. Water potential was remarkably lower in ginseng than in soybean, and waterpotential had a significantly positive correlation with water content, stomatal conductance and photosynthesis in both plant. These results suggested that the low stomatal conductance and low water potential might cause the low photosynthesis in ginseng compared to soybean.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 1997

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of lime materials application on reducing injury of simulated acid rain(SAR) in soybean grown in pot contained with sandy loam. Six treatments including control, slaked lime(SL), 1% and 2% lime water(LW) and composite treatments with SL+LW were applied. Slaked lime was applied to soil in pot before planting, and lime water was applied to leaves a day prior to the spray of SAR(pH 2.7) and normal rain(pH 6.0), and these were sprayed at 2-day intervals. Growth, yield and yield components, foliar injury rate, chrolophyll content and photosynthetic activity in leaves, content of mineral nutrients in plant and soil chemical properties were analyzed and investigated. These results obtained are summarized as follows : Seed yield of all lime treatment was reduced by SAR compared with control. But seed yield of all lime treatment was increased with treatment of lime material in soil and on leaves. After 15 and 45 times spray of SAR, all lime treatments were effective in injury reducing visible injury of leaves compared with none treatment. Chlorophyll content in leaves was highest in plants treated with slaked lime+ 1% lime water and photosynthetic activity was highest with treatment of slaked lime. Concentration of total nitrogen, phosphate, and sulfur in soybean plant were increased by the spray of SAR. Concentration of total nitrogen, potassium and calcium in soybean plant were increased with treatment of slaked lime into soil. By treatments of SAR, soil pH was decreased, and total nitrogen and sulfur concentration in soil were increased. However, available phosphate and exchangeable cations in soil such as calcium, magnesium and potassium were reduced. Soil pH, calcium and silicate concentration were increased with treatment of slaked lime into soil.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.22 no.1_2
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• pp.1-4
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• 1979

Wild soybean plants(Glycine ussuriensis) collected from Korea(47 strains) and abroad(41 strains) were grown under field condition and classified according to the growth habit. Seeds were analyzed for protein content. The results were as follows: 1. Wild soybean plants were classified into three groups each by seed size, growth habit of stem, leaf size and flowering time. 2. Seed protein was higher in the strains with large leaves, tendril, stem or late flowering. 3. Glycine gracilis, supposed to be the intermediate species between cultivated and wild soybean(according to the stem growth habit, straight or semitendril, and seed size) was medium in protein content of seeds. 4. The average protein content of Glycine ussuriensis, 43.2%, was highest in comparison with those of others such as G. gracilis, 37.5%, or G. max, 36.2%. 5. One hundred seed weight of Amphicarpaea trisperm, similar to the wild soybean, was almost same as Glycine ussuriensis, but protein content of this species was lower than wild soybeans.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.557-570
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• 2016

Growth of 6-year old 'Niitaka' pear (Pyrus pyrifolia Nakai) trees and control of insect and disease occurrences were compared between fermented soybean extracts and rain-shelter system for two years. Foliar application of fermented soybean extracts was applied at 6 times as a pre-experiment in the open-field in 2013, with a rain-shelter system in 2014. Fermented soybean extract treatment increased foliar concentrations of approximately 0.46% T-N, 0.17% K, 0.19% Ca, and 0.06% Mg in 2013 compared to the control, with similar macro-nutrients between the control and soybean extract treatment observed in 2014. Rain-shelter system increased foliar concentrations of T-N, Ca, and Mg compared to the open-field. There were no significantly different between the control and soybean extract treatment for number of leaves per fruit, leaf dry weight, phytotoxicity, and completed shoot growth on August during the two years. Rain-shelter system increased leaf dry weight and did not affect phytotoxicity in the leaves. Fruit quality parameters were mostly similar to control and soybean extract treatment for two years, with higher fruit firmness observed for soybean extract treatment. Rain-shelter system advanced 4 days of harvest dates, and increased approximately 7.0 ton fruit yield per ha, 20 g mean fruit weight, and fruit soluble solid contents compared to open-field in 2014. Soybean extract treatment little suppressed occurrence of disease and insect on the leaves and fruits in both years. Rain-shelter system increased occurrence of Venturia nashicola on the leaves and to 63.8% of Gymnosporangium asiaticum on the fruits in 2014. Strong winds and storms in May elevated relative humidity in the rain-shelter system and caused high infection of the disease occurrence, requiring for an additional green control method. Soybean extract treatment little affected tree growth and would have initiated for a long-term study to evaluate tree physiological characteristics. Rain-shelter system improved fruit productivity and advanced harvest dates, which could have been more effective facility at a Thanks Giving Day between middle and end of September.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2000

Leaf area is critical for crop light interception, and thereby has a substantial influence on crop yield. This experiment was conducted to characterize the development of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] leaf area. Plastochron index and leaf relative growth rate of Jackson was contrasted with the PI416937, which also has demonstrated tolerance to drought. First, plastochron ratio (PR) and plastochron index (PI) were evaluated in greenhouse to compare the leaf growth rate between two genotypes under well-watered condition. There was reasonable constancy of PR between two genotypes. The PR means of Jackson and PI416937 were 0.41 and 0.44, respectively. A fairly smooth increase of PI during vegetative stage was observed. Second, the relative growth rates were graphed against leaf area, normalized with respect to final leaf area, under well-watered and water-deficit conditions. Leaf growth was sustained longer in well-watered condition than water-deficit condition and there was a sizable proportion of leaves which was ceased earlier their growth in water-deficit condition compared to well-watered condition. The leaf relative growth rate of Jackson until leaves had completed at 45% of their growth during water deficit period was higher than that of PI416937.