• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.33-41
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• 2007

Objectives : In oriental medicine, many researchers have studied Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Twelve-Meridian Muscle system in correlation with the orthodox form of muscular anatomy. In this study, the authors compared Myofascial Pain Syndrome with Twelve-Meridian Muscle system and interpreted Myofascial Pain Syndrome through Yook Kyoung theory to reveal the similarity between Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Twelve-Meridian Muscle system, as well as to suggest another useful therapeutics. Methods : The authors investigated several literatures related with Myofascial Pain Syndrome, Twelve-Meridian Muscle system and Yook Kyoung theory. Conclusions : 1. Myofascial Pain Syndrome and Twelve-Meridian Muscle system have many similar features in their theory, concept, physiological function, pathological symptom, therapeutic principal, etc., also have some different features. 2. Myofascial Pain Syndrome is thought to be induced by the unbalance between the upregulated-Kwelum energy and the downregulated-Soyang energy in a viewpoint of Yook Kyoung theory, therefore, it is requisite to control the unbalanced energy between Kwelum and Soyang.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.12 no.2 s.17
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• pp.103-113
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• 2006

Objectives we intended to know how much did it relate with the results between the instruments of diagnosis by using methods of three factors - QSCCII, PSSC(Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution)-2004, and body measurement which are usually used in diagnosing the Sasang Constitution in clinics Methods We diagnosed Sasang constitution through QSCCII, PSSC(Phonetic System for Sasang Constitution)-2004, Body measurement as a dignosis factors and we used Kappa coefficient to estimate simularity between diagnosis factors, and SPSS 12.0K to analyze data Results and conchusions 1. The orders of agreement statistics are different in the currency of Sasang Constitution diagnosis, Soeum-in was highest and Taeum-in lowest in the the fricency of Sasang Conctitution Diagnosis in the QSCCII, Soeum-in was highest Soyang-in lowest in the PSSC and Taeum-in highest, Soyang-in lowest in the body measurement so, we analogized incorrection in Sasang Constitution Diagnosis 2. Among 443 subjects, 156 (35.3%) had same dignosis in three Sasang Constitution factors. It means agreement statistics among factors of diagnosis are very low, so it is absolutely nessessary to research connection among those, especially Soyang-in part 3. Totally, it is not robust to apply these factors on Sasang Constitution diagnosis, especially agreement statistics between two kinds of Sasang Constitution diagnosis as $0.358{\sim}0.380$. However, we can have a possibility the more we use Sasang Constitution dignosis factors, the higher the agreement statistics is, through the ascending of agreement statistics as $0.526{\sim}0.592$, among three kinds of Sasang Constitution diagnosis To evaluate accuracy of Sasang Constitution diagnosis, it is nessessary to collect data from the subjects who are dignosed through the evidences such as herb medicine, disease and normal symption observation, etc. Using these data, we have to evaluate correction of seperated Sasang Constitution diagnosis methods and to connect those.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.471-486
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• 2011

1. Objectives The purpose of this study was to investigate the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) related characteristics found in each Sasang Constitutional type. 2. Methods This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted using data from 2,842 men and women. After typing each participant into one of the four Sasang constitutional types, they were analyzed on various cardiovascular disease-related variables. 3. Results 1) The predictors of cardiovascular disease (metabolic syndrome, high risk FRS group, high risk hsCRP group) was found to show the highest prevalence in the Taeeum type. 2) In the group with metabolic syndrome, the mean hsCRP concentration in the Taeeum and Soyang types were higher than in the Soeum type. In the group without metabolic syndrome, the mean hsCRP concentration in the Taeeum type were higher than in the Soyang and Soeum types. 3) In the FRS low risk group, the mean hsCRP concentration were higher in order of Taeeum type > Soyang type > Soeum type. In the FRS high risk group, the mean hsCRP concentrations were not significantly different among the Sasang constitutional types. 4. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the Taeeum constitutional type is a risk factor for high hsCRP and cardiovascular disease. These findings suggest that the prevention of cardiovascular disease is more important in the Taeeum type compared to other constitutional types. Moreover, preventive measures are warranted even in the Taeeum-type persons with low clinical cardiovascular risk.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.87-98
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• 2000

The objective of this study is to test the flood forecasting capability of TOPMODEL on a single watershed in Korea. The selected study area is the Soyang River basin with outlet at Soyang Dam site. The three daily hydrographs and the three hourly flood events during 1990~1996 are selected for model calibrations and performance tests. The model parameters are estimated on 1990 daily event by manual fitting technique and the effects of topographic index distribution to river flow simulations are investigated on the study area. The model performance on correlation coefficient between the observed and the simulated flows for the verification periods are above 0.77 on the 95-, 96-daily events, while above 0.87 for 90-, 95-, 96-hourly events. By the consideration of flood flow characteristics in Korea, the physical interpretation of the model concept, and the model performance, it can be concluded that the TOPMODEL is feasible as a flood forecasting model in Korea. Korea.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.139-151
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• 1992

A reservoir operation model was established under the varying restricted water level(r.w.l.) subject to the inflow distributions in flood period. The optimization model consists of 2 sub-models. One model minimizes deviations of releases from the expected release and the other minimizes capacity requirement for flood control. In order to make deterministic equivalents, the inflow distribution of reservoir is assumed to be 2-parameter Lognormal, and its parameters are estimated by the maximum likelihood method. The model is applied to joint operation of Soyang and Chungju dam. The results show that Soyang was designed for larger flood event than that for Chungju. The operation under the varying r.w.l. turns out to be more effective than one under the uniform r.w.l. Such effect is more obvious at Chungju compared with Soyang. Release pattern shows diminishing and delaying effect in a period of high inflows and larger discharges than actual in a period of low inflows.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.840-848
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• 2009

Spatial and temporal distributions of POC and DOC were surveyed in the North Han River system, Korea The proportion of algal cells was calculated in four reservoirs (Lakes Soyang, Paro, Chunchon, and Uiam). Monthly average DOC concentrations ranged from 1.5 to 2.3 mg C/L, and POC showed larger variation than DOC (range 0.3 to 1.9 mg C/L). The average proportion of POC in TOC was higher than those of typical natural lakes. Due to the influence of the Asian summer monsoon, the seasonal variation in POC concentration depended on heavy rain events occurring during the summer. POC concentrations increased during the summer monsoon season due to turbid storm runoff laden with debris, while DOC concentrations did not increase. The highest POC concentrations were observed in Lake Soyang in 2006 when a severe rain event occurred. In two deep stratified reservoirs (Lake Soyang and Paro) storm runoffs formed an intermediate turbidity layer with high POC and chlorophyll concentrations which is thought to originate from terrestrial debris and periphyton transported by inflowing streams. The proportion of algal cells in total POC was much lower than for most natural lakes, and it varied with season; low in the monsoon season and high in dry seasons with algal blooms. An analysis of POC concentration and chlorophyll a concentration showed that the ratio of POC/Chl.a varied from 24 to 80.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.35-40
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• 1999

Effects of different molecular size fractions (100,000 nMW-0.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$m, 10,000 nMW-100,000 nMW and 1,000 nMW-'L0,000 nMW) of dissolved organic matter on the bacterial numbers and $\beta$-glucosidase activities in Lake Soyang were investigated. Even though the concentrations and characteristics of each fractions were different, bacterial growth curves of each fractioii were Lypical and similar. Each growth curve had highest peak of $1.1{\times}10^{7}$ cells $ml^{-1}$. But, the $\beta$-lucosidase activitics of each fraction were quite different. In high molecular weight fraction (HMW: 100,000 nMW-0.1 $\mu\textrm{m}$m), Vmax of Pglucosidase activity ranged from 550 to 1,160 nmol $1^{-1}$.$hi^{-1}$, but in low molecular weight f~action (1,000 nMW-10,000 nMW), that ranged from 1 to 14 om01 1$^[-1}$${-1}$

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.401-409
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• 2015

The fish community and introduced fish were surveyed at eight stations of Lake Soyang from March to October, 2013. A total of 41 species of twelve families were collected from the survey stations and among them, two species: Hemibarbus mylodon and Siniperca scherzeri (albino type) were identified as natural monument. There were fifteen Korean endemic species (36.6 %) including Acheilognathus yamatsutae. When compared with previous data (2003), A. yamatsutae, Pseudorasbora parva, Sarcocheilichthys nigripinnis morii, Sarcocheilichthys variegatus wakiyae, Orthrias nudus, Leiocassisuss ussuriensis, Oncorhynchus mykiss, and Micropterus salmoides appeared new in the lake. Dominant species were Hypomesus olidus (St. 1, 3, 6, 7, 8), Lepomis macrochirus (St. 2, 4) and Zacco platypus (St. 5). Of the 12 introduced species fishes in Lake Soyang, Anguilla japonica, Hemiculter eigenmanni, H. nipponensis, Rhinogobius giurinus and Tridentiger brevispinis were introduced and released from other native river water zones in Korea but Cyprinus carpio (Israeli type), Carassius cuvieri, O. mykiss, Ictalurus puntatus, L. macrochirus, and M. salmoides originated from foreign countries.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.9-17
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• 2019

Objectives The purpose of this study is to understand the intention expressed as Jeubjeubhanchul(濈濈汗出) unlike the aspect of perspiration in 『Sanghanlun(傷寒論)』 and 『Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)』. Methods We examined Sibjo-tang(十棗湯) and the aspect of perspiration focusing on the Chip(漐) and Jeub(濈) in 『Sanghanlun(傷寒論)』, 『Donguibogam(東醫寶鑑)』, and 『Donguisusebowon(東醫壽世保元)』. Moreover, we examined the connection between the quoted purpose of Sibjo-tang and the aspect of perspiration. Results and Conclusion 1. When Leejema quoted Sibjo-tang to explain the Chestbind disease(結胸) of the Soyang pattern, he used Jeubjeubhanchul (濈濈汗出) instead of Chipchiphanchul(漐漐汗出). 2. About the aspect of perspiration in 『Sanghanlun』 and 『Donguibogam』, the Chip(漐) is used in a situation when the disease progressed from Pyo(表) to Li(裏) and Taeyang-byeong(太陽病) to Yangmyung-byeong(陽明病), and it is expression of physiological perspiration. The Jeub(濈) is used in a situation related to interior(內), Li(裏), and Yangmyung-byeong. 3. Leejema understood Sibjo-tang in relation to the Chestbind disease of the Soyang pattern caused by aggravation of Liyeol (裏熱). Therefore, Leejema used the Jeub(濈) related to interior, Li and Yangmyung-byeong, and it is expression of perspiration caused by aggravation of Liyeol in the Soyang pattern. 4. At first time, Leejema mentioned perspiration and short of breath(短氣) in the symptoms of Sibjo-tang, but he mentioned dry vomiting(乾嘔) and short of breath in 『Sinchukbon(辛丑本)』. Thus, his perspective of perspiration related to Sibjo-tang was appeared in 『Gabobon(甲午本)』, and he paid attention to perspiraion as a major symptom of the Chestbind disease in the early. After clinical experience was built up, It was not that important as the past.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.136-141
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• 2000

The temporal variation of bacterial community and environmental factors, affecting on bacterial community structure were estimated monthly kom April, 1998 to May, 1999. Bacterial community structures were determined by in situ hyblidization with rRNA-targeted fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide probes (FISH) and epifluorescence microscopy; and the statistical analysis was done by SPSS program. The oligonucleotide probes used in this study were EUB338, ALFlb, GAM42a, and CF. In surface water, $\alpha$-group was related to only DOC (-0.538, p<0.05) and Chlorophyll a concentration was related to y-group (-0.630, p$\beta$-group and Cytophaga-Flavobacterium group were related to water temperature as 0.665, and 0.685 @<0.05). Between pH and $\beta$-group, there was a positive relationship (0.541, p<0.05), and Cytophaga-Flavobactevizim group was represent to correlation (0.672, p