• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제69권1호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2010

Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer death in the United States and worldwide. About 80~90% of cases are smoking-related and smoking cessation programs are of great importance in reducing lung cancer risk. However, the lifetime risk for lung cancer remains elevated even in ex-smokers. Chemoprevention holds the promise to further reduce this risk and thus to decrease lung cancer incidence and mortality. Over the last decades, most chemoprevention trials for lung cancer have yielded negative outcomes. Population-based studies suggest that high intake of certain foods such as soy, red wine or green vegetables may be associated with decreased cancer risk. Because of these observations and their general safety, a plethora of natural compounds is currently being studied for the chemoprevention of cancer. In this review we discuss promising in vitro and in vivo data of novel natural compounds, their interference with molecular mechanisms responsible for lung cancer development and potential implications for their further preclinical and clinical investigation.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.886-895
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• 2010

The level of fat and salt can affect the product quality and storage stability of processed meats. Additionally, consumers' demands require dietary guidelines for developing low-fat/salt functional foods. Microbial transglutaminase (MTGase), which enhances textural properties by catalyzing protein-protein cross-linkages, was introduced to develop healthier lowfat/salt meat products. The potential possibilities of low-fat/salt processed meats were reviewed under optimal conditions for functional ingredients from several previous studies. The addition of non-meat protein (e.g. sodium caseinate and soy protein isolates), hydrocolloids (e. g. konjac flour, carrageenan, and alginates), and MTGase alone or in combination with other functional ingredients improved textural and sensory properties similar to those of regularly processed meats. When MTGase was combined with hydrocolloids (konjac flour or sodium alginate) or other functional ingredients, gelling properties of meat protein were improved even at a low salt level. Based on these reviews, functional ingredients combined with new processing technologies could be incorporated into processed meats to improve the functionality of various low-fat/salt meat products.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2019

본 연구는 나트륨 저감화를 위한 나트륨 함량과 염도 기준치를 제시하기 위하여 국내 장류 4종과 고나트륨 한식대표 음식 16종에 대하여 전국 4개 권역, 10개 지역의 가정식, 단체급식과 외식 음식의 1인 분량, 나트륨 함량과 염도를 분석하였고, 그 결과를 바탕으로 가정식과 단체급식을 위한 나트륨 및 염도의 저감 기준치를 제안하였다. 장류의 저감화 염도 기준으로 간장 12%, 된장 9%, 고추장 5%, 쌈장 6% 이하로 제안하였고, 장류 100 g의 나트륨 함량 기준은 간장 4,500 mg 이하, 된장 3,500 mg 이하, 고추장 2,000 mg 이하, 쌈장 2,500 mg 이하로 제안하였다. 음식군별 나트륨 저감 염도는 국 탕 찌개류에서는 맑은 국류 0.5%, 맑은 탕류가 0.6%, 토장국류, 일반 탕류 및 찌개류 0.7%, 토장찌개류 0.8%로 제안하였다. 어육류의 찜류와 볶음류는 0.9% 이하, 조림류는 1.0% 이하, 채소류를 포함한 기타 조림류는 1.5% 이하, 장아찌류, 배추김치와 총각김치는 모두 1.5% 이하, 건어물 볶음류는 4.0% 이하로 제안하였다. 음식군별 1인분 나트륨 함량 저감 기준은 맑은 국 400 mg 이하, 토장국 500 mg 이하, 맑은 탕류 400 mg 이하, 일반 탕류 550 mg 이하, 토장찌개류 600 mg 이하, 일반 찌개류 450 mg이하, 어육류 찜류 600 mg 이하, 어육류 볶음류 450 mg 이하, 건어물 볶음류 250 mg 이하, 어육류 조림류 350 mg 이하, 채소 조림류 150 mg 이하, 장아찌류, 김치류 (배추김치와 총각김치)는 200 mg 이하로 제안하였다. 본 연구에서는 제안한 장류의 염도와 100 g 당 나트륨 저감 기준 및 고나트륨 한식대표 음식의 1인 분량 및 1인분 나트륨 함량과 염도 저감 기준은 가정식과 단체급식의 저염 조리 시 가이드가 될 것이며, 범국민 나트륨 저감화 교육자료로도 활용되어 나트륨 섭취 저감화 실현에 도움이 될 것으로 사료된다.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.102-108
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In Oriental medicine, certain foods may be beneficial or detrimental based on an individual's constitution; however, the scientific basis for this theory is insufficient. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of body constitution, based on the Sasang type of Korean traditional medical classification system, on the bioavailability of soy isoflavones of Cheonggukjang, a quick-fermented soybean paste. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A pilot study was conducted on 48 healthy Korean men to evaluate the bioavailability of isoflavone after ingestion of food based on constitution types classified by the Sasang typology. The participants were classified into the Taeeumin (TE; n = 15), Soyangin (SY; n = 15), and Soeumin (SE; n = 18) groups. Each participant ingested 50 g of Cheonggukjang per 60 kg body weight. Thereafter, blood was collected, and the soy isoflavone metabolites were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Ntrikinetic analysis of individual isoflavone-derived metabolites was performed. RESULTS: Our nutrikinetic analysis identified 21 metabolites derived from isoflavones in the blood samples from 48 healthy Korean men (age range, 21-29 years). Significant differences were observed in the time to maximum concentration (T_max) and elimination half-life (t_1/2) for nine metabolites among the three groups. The T_max and t_1/2 of the nine metabolites were higher in the SE group than in the other groups. Moreover, the absorption rates, as determined by the area under the plasma-level curve (AUC) values of intact isoflavone, were 5.3 and 9.4 times higher in the TE group than in the SY and SE groups, respectively. Additionally, the highest AUC values for phase I and II metabolites were observed in the TE group. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that isoflavone bioavailability, following Cheonggukjang insgestion, is high in individuals with the TE constitution, and relatively lower in those with the SE and SY constitutions.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제41권5호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2008

노화에 따라 비타민 $B_{12}$의 흡수율이 떨어지고, 노년기의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 부족은 심혈관질환과 위암의 발생율 상승과 인지기능의 저하 등과 관련성이 있다는 보고가 있어 그 중요성이 새롭게 인식되고 있으나 국내의 식품 내 비타민 B12 분석 자료는 크게 부족하여 섭취량 계산에 많은 어려움이 있었다. 특히, 우리나라 고유 발효 식품인 장류와 김치류, 그리고 다른 나라에 비하여 많이 섭취하고 있는 해조류 등을 중심으로 일부 한국인 상용식품에서 Lactobacillus delbrueckisubsp. lactis ATCC 7830를 이용한 미생물법으로 인체가 이용할 수 있는 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량을 분석하였고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 국산 대두를 이용하여 전통식 방법으로 제조한 된장의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 1.85 ${\mu}g/100$ g이었으나, 시중 마트에서 구입한 4종의 공장식 된장들은 $0.04{\sim}0.86{\mu}g/100$ g으로 전통식 된장이 공장식 된장보다 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량이 훨씬 더 높았다. 청국장 역시 전통식 청국장의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 0.69 ${\mu}g/100$ g인 반면, 마트에서 구입한 2종의 공장식 청국장은 $0.06{\sim}0.15{\mu}g/100$ g을 함유하고 있었다. 그러나, 찐대두와 두부에서는 비타민 $B_{12}$가 검출되지 않아 대두가 발효되는 과정에서 미생물에 의하여 비타민 $B_{12}$가 생성됨을 알 수 있었다. 2) 전통식 고추장의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 평균 0.11 ${\mu}g/100$ g으로 전통식 된장이나 청국장보다는 낮았지만 일부 공장식 된장이나 청국장의 함유량과 비슷하였다. 3) 국간장은 0.04 ${\mu}g/100$ mL의 비타민 $B_{12}$를 함유하고 있었으나, 진간장에서는 검출되지 않았다. 4) 배추김치는 제조회사가 서로 다른 3종의 상품에서 분석한 결과 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 $0.02{\sim}0.03{\mu}g/100$ g 정도의 비슷한 수준을 보였으며, 열무김치는 0.013${\mu}g/100$ g, 갓김치는 0.02 ${\mu}g/100$ g, 깍뚜기는 0.004${\mu}g/100$ g이었으나, 젓갈과 고추가루를 넣지 않은 백김치에서는 비타민 $B_{12}$가 검출되지 않았다. 따라서, 김치에 함유되어 있는 비타민 $B_{12}$는 김치를 담글 때 넣은 젓갈로부터 왔을 가능성이 높다. 김치용으로 상품화된 새우액젓과 멸치액젓은 각각 0.78${\mu}g/100$ mL와 1.52${\mu}g/100$ mL의 비타민 $B_{12}$를 함유하고 있었다. 5) 김의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 66.76${\mu}g/100$ g dry wt, 파래는 84.74 ${\mu}g/100$ g dry wt (9.41${\mu}g/100$ g wet wt)로 매우 높았으며, 다시마와 미역의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 각각 0.36${\mu}g/100$ g dry wt와 1.90${\mu}g/100$ g dry wt이었다. 6) 그 밖에, 달걀 전란의 비타민 $B_{12}$ 함량은 1.07${\mu}g/100$0 g (0.54${\mu}g$/개)이었고, 볶음용 마른멸치는 17.12${\mu}g/100$ g이었으며, 커피믹스는 0.02${\mu}g/100$ g (0.0024${\mu}g$/봉)이었으나, 라면에서는 검출되지 않았다. 본 연구에 이용된 식품들의 샘플 수가 충분하지 못하고 선정방법이 다소 객관적이지 못한 부분이 있으나, 이를 바탕으로 국내식품에서 비타민 $B_{12}$ 분석을 지속적이고 체계적으로 진행하여 하루빨리 믿을만한 식품성분표를 확보함으로써 보다 정확한 비타민 $B_{12}$ 섭취량을 계산할 수 있기를 기대한다. 덧붙여, 노인들을 비롯하여 채식위주의 식사를 하는 사람들에 있어서 비타민 $B_{12}$ 부족을 예방하기 위하여 김, 파래, 멸치와 함께 된장이나 청국장을 자주 섭취할 것을 권장한다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.936-940
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• 2004

본 연구는 된장 메탄올 추출물의 항암효과를 검토하기 위해서 다른 콩 관련 발효식품과 원재료인 콩과 밀가루의 메탄올추출물과 비교하면서 여러 인체 암세포들의 성장 억제 실험과DNA 합성 저해 실험을 행하였다. AGS 인체 위암세포의 경우 첨가농도 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL에서 콩된장과 70% 콩된장 메탄올 추출물은 각각 80%, 78%의 저해효과를 가졌으며 청국장 메탄올 추출물은 65%, 일본의 미소 메탄올 추출물은 54%의 저해효과를 보였다. Hep 3B 인체 간암세포에 대한 증식억제 효과 결과에서도 콩된장과 70% 콩된장의 경우, 첨가농도 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL에서 각각 77%, 73%의 저해효과를 가지는 반면, 청국장, 일본의 미소는 각각 60%, 56%의 억제효과를 보였고 콩과 콩/밀가루의 경우 각각 56%, 40%의 저해효과를 나타내었다. HT-29 인체 대장암세포에서도 이상의 간암, 위암세포의 결과와 유사하게 증식억제효과를 보여 콩된장과 70% 된장 메탄올 추출물이 각각 86%, 87%의 저해효과를 나타내면서 다른 콩관련 발효식품들과 원재료 콩에 비해 큰 활성을 보였다. 또한 DNA 합성 저해 실험에서 AGS 인체 위암세포는 된장 메탄올 추출물 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL 투여시에는 각각 65%, 76%의 DNA 합성 저해 효과가 관찰되었고, 반면 콩의 메탄올 추출물의 경우 첨가농도 100 $\mu$/mL, 200 $\mu$/mL 때 각각 47%, 68%의 DNA 합성 저해 효과를 가졌으며 된장의 경우보다 낮은 저해 효과를 나타내었다. Hep 3B 인체 간암세포는 된장 메탄올 추출물 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, 200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL 투여시 각각 43%, 59%의 DNA합성 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 이상의 연구 결과들로부터 된장이 다른 콩 발효식품 및 원재료 콩보다 높은 암세포 성장 억제 효과와 DNA 합성 저해 효과를 가지는 것은 콩만으로 3개월 간 발효시킨 된장의 우수성과 함께 발효과정을 거치는 동안 원재료인 콩에서는 없었던 혹은 함량이 적은 성분들이 생성되거나 증가되어 항암효과를 나타내는 것으로 추정되어진다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.231-240
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 발효식품으로부터 16종의 공액리놀레산(CLA) 생성 젖산균을 분리하였다. 이들 균주 중, S48 및 P1201 균주는 다른 젖산균들보다 더 높은 CLA를 생성하였다. 두 균주는 형태학적, 생리학적, 화학적 및 분자유전학적 특징에 따라 Lactobacillus plantarum로 동정하였다. pH 2.0 인공위액산에서 4시간 배양 후 이들 균주의 생존율은 각각 59.57% 및 6.22%을 나타내었다. 이들 균주는 $37^{\circ}C$에서 48시간 동안 상이한 자유 리놀레산 함량이 함유되어 있는 8% 탈지분유 배지에서 cis-9, trans-11 및 trans-10, cis-12 CLA 이성체가 생성되었고, 두 CLA 이성체는 48시간 배양 동안 지속적으로 증가하였다. 발효 48시간 후, 증자콩-분말 두유의 CLA 함량은 생콩 및 볶음콩-분말 두유에서 보다 높은 생성능을 보였다. 특히, 증자콩-분말 두유의 CLA 함량은 각각 S48 및 P1201 균주에서 $183.57{\mu}g/ml$ 및 $198.72{\mu}g/ml$ 생성되었다.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.731-748
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• 2007

In this study, we investigated e kinds and names of side dishes along with their recipes and ingredients occuring in Korean cookbooks published before the 17th century. The side dishes were classified 79 kinds of Guk, 23 kinds of Jjim and Seon, 15 kinds of Gui, 3 kinds of Jeon, 7 kinds of Nureumi, 3 kinds of Bokkeum, 30 kinds of Chae, 11 kinds of Hoe, 7 kinds of Jwaban, 6 kinds of Mareunchan, 12 kinds of Pyeonyuk and 5 kinds of Jeonyak, Jokpyeon and Sundae. The earliest records were found on Guk, Jjim, Jwaban, Po and Pyeonyuk Gui, Namul and Hoe were recorded after the 1500's and Nureumi, Jeon, Jeonyak, Jokpyeon and Sundae were developed relatively late in the late 17th century. As to the kinds of side dishes, Guk was the most common. Guks cooked before the 17th century used different recipes and more types of ingredients than today, including some that are not used today. For Jjim, various seasonings were added to main ingredients such as poultry, meat, seafood and vegetable. Most of the records found for Jjim used chicken as the main ingredient. Gui was recorded as Jeok or Gui and there weren't many ingredients for Gui before the 17th century. Gui was usually seasoned with salt or soy bean sauce and broiled after applying oil. Vegetables were broiled after a applying flour-based sauce. The Jeon cooked at that time was different from the one that is cooked today in that cow organs or sparrows were soaked in oily soy bean sauce before being stewed. Nureumi, which was popular in the 17th century, but rarely made today, was a recipe consisting of adding a flour or starch-based sauce to stewed or broiled main ingredients. Chae was a side dish prepared with edible plants, tree sprouts or leaves. Chaes like Donga and Doraji were colored with Mandrami or Muroo. Hoe was a boiled Hoe and served after boiling seafood. Jwaban was cooked by applying oil to and then broiling sparrows, dudeok, and mushrooms that had been seasoned and dried. For dried Chans, beef or fish was thin-sliced, seasoned and dried or sea tangle was broiled with pine nuts juice. There are some recipes from the 17th century whose names are gone or the recipes or ingredients have changed. Thus we must to try to rebuild three recipes and develop recipes using our own foods of today.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.98-107
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• 2011

This study was conducted via survey of 300 enrolled male and female high school students in the Chungnam area. The survey focused on students' dietary habits, changes in dietary habits based on the school lunch menu, and satisfaction of school lunches, in order to identify new methods for changing dietary habits and improving satisfaction of school lunches. Regarding the general characteristics of those surveyed, most were 17 years old, and of the same gender. Ninety-nine percent of those surveyed lived in farming areas, and the majority of students' parents graduated from high school and are self-employed. Research on dietary habits according to gender found that male students ate more regularly than did female students, with a difference of (p<0.001) between the two genders. Regarding the degree of which students ate only what they want, differences of (p<0.05) were found between the genders. The types of snacks frequently consumed were found to be flour-based snacks for the male students, whereas the females mostly consumed sweet foods and bread snacks. Research on satisfaction of school lunches according to gender also showed a difference of (p<0.5). Specifically, 48.7% of male students responded 'average', whereas only 45.3% of female students responded in the same way. The reason for dissatisfaction of school lunches were quality and nutrition for the male students (30%) and taste for the female students (60.4%), with a significant difference according to gender (p<0.05). Regarding the types of food most left over, both female and male students answered fish, bean curd, and soy products.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.299-305
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• 2015

An HPLC analytical method was validated for the quantitative determination of biogenic amines in agricultural products. Four agricultural foods, including apple juice, Juk, corn oil and peanut butter, were selected as food matrices based on their water and fat contents (i.e., non-fatty liquid, non-fatty solid, fatty liquid and fatty solid, respectively). The precision, accuracy, recovery, limit of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were determined to test the validity of an HPLC procedure for the determination of biogenic amines, including tryptamine, ${\beta}$-phenylethylamine, putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, tyramine, spermidine and spermine, in each matrix. The LODs and LOQs for the biogenic amines were within the range of 0.01~0.10 mg/kg and 0.02~0.31 mg/kg, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) of intraday for biogenic amine concentrations ranged from 1.86 to 5.95%, whereas the RSD of interday ranged from 2.08 to 5.96%. Of the matrices spiked with biogenic amines, corn oil with tyramine and Juk with putrescine exhibited the least accuracy of 84.85% and recovery rate of 89.63%, respectively, at the lowest concentration (10 mg/kg). Therefore, the validation results fulfilled AOAC criteria and recommendations. Subsequently, the method was applied to the analysis of biogenic amines in fermented agricultural products for a total dietary survey in Korea. Although the results revealed that Korean traditional soy sauce and Doenjang contained relatively high levels of histamine, the amounts are of no concern if these fermented agricultural products serve as condiments.