• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2015

This study intends to research the spatial characteristics of Asian interim housing that accommodates sufferers pro tempore after disasters. The scope of this research covers the interim spaces used for housing people after natural disasters that occurred in Asia for the past fifteen years. Within this scope, literature review was conducted as the basis to derive the characteristics and environmental elements of interim housing, which provided the criteria to compare and evaluate cases of interim housing along with characteristic elements required of interim housing found in previous studies. According to literature review, interim housing can be classified by life-span, region, economy, climate, type, number of household, square measure, residential cost, structure/material, and service life. Within the scope of the present research, literature review showed a total of twenty-eight cases of interim housing in fifteen countries revealing a high rate of disaster occurrence in the subtropic and tropic climate of Southeast Asia. A great percentage of interim housing was used for long-term stay of over a year. The structure of interim housing varied from lightweight steel, wooden, masonry, membrane, to traditional structure and the type were divided into temporary shelter, transitional housing, temporary housing, and permanent housing. Followed by literature review, the characteristics required of post-disaster interim housing were analyzed based on previous research and case studies. The characteristics of interim housing can be divided into environmental, technological, and socio-cultural ones. Sub-characterical items according to such division include amenity, health, surroundings, structure, convenience, eco-friendliness, safety, communication, and locality. As a result of evaluation, most items met the required characteristics of interim housing, while technological characteristics such as structure and convenience varied with the types of interim housing and appeared even unnecessary in some cases. According to analysis, amenity is maintained through the structural and material characteristics of interim housing and is also facilitated by increasing number of infrastructure such as educational, sanitary, and convenience facilities provided by the governmental and organizational bodies. It is expected that this study will be utilized as preliminary data for follow-up studies that improve the environment of post-disaster interim housing suitable for domestic circumstances in environmental, technological, and socio-cultural respects.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.79-89
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• 2007

This paper provides a comprehensive overview of the present status of several environmental problems caused by emerging toxic substances such as persistent organic pollutants (POPs), endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), and arsenic in various environmental media in Vietnam. Monitoring data reported during the 1990s demonstrated elevated contamination of DDTs in most of these compartments in Vietnam. Studies in frame of the Asia-Pacific Mussel Watch Program revealed that fish, mussels and resident birds from Vietnam contained higher concentrations of DDTs as compared to other countries in region, suggesting the role of Vietnamese environment as a significant emission source of DDT in the Southeast Asian region. The estimated dietary intakes of PCBs and DDTs for Vietnamese were relatively high among Asian developing countries, suggesting potential risk for humans posed by thesechemicals. Widespread contamination of some endocrine active compounds such as alkylphenols and phthalates was observed at various sites along the coasts of northern and middle Vietnam. The presence of significant source of bisphenol-A along Red River estuary was revealed with the concentrations comparable to those reported for developed nations. A case study on seasonal variation of alkylphenols and phthalates in surface water of river delta and estuary of north and middle Vietnam indicated the differences in distribution of these compounds between dry and rainy seasons. Higher concentrations of alkylphenols and phthalates were found in dry season in estuary; while the contrasting pattern was observed in the river delta, showing elevated residues in rainy season. This result suggests the different behavior of alkylphenols and phthalates in river delta and coastal environment. From ecotoxicological perspectives, concentrations of bis-phenol A and di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalates [DEHP] in surface water from some locations in Vietnam exceeded the guideline values for Ecotoxicological Effects and the Environmental Risk Limit, respectively, suggesting potential for toxic implications on aquatic wildlife. Widespread and elevated arsenic contamination was discovered inour recent surveys in groundwater in a large area of suburban areas of Hanoi city, the capital of Vietnam. The most recent investigation in 4 villages showed about more than 50 % of groundwater samples contained As concentrations exceeding 50 g/L (the WHO and Vietnamese standard). In particular, in Son Dong villages, 58 % of samples analyzed contained As concentrations higher than 200 g/L. Good correlations were found in As concentrations in water and hair and urine of peoples in corresponding families, suggesting the chronic exposure to As by people living in As-contaminated ground water areas. In Son Dong village, As levels in hair (mean: 1.7 mg/kg dry wt) and urine (g/g creatinine) exceeding the reference values recommended by WHO, suggesting potential for human risk posed by long term accumulation of As in human body. Future studies should be focused on the time trends of POPs and EDCs in biota in Vietnam in order to predict future trend of contamination and to reveal new clues for understanding possible toxic impacts on aquatic organisms. The issues of arsenic contamination in groundwater and their chronic toxic implications on human health should be systematically investigated in the future.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1661-1675
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• 2016

Objectives: Can addition of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK1-RAs) be considered as an ideal strategy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)? Researchers differ on this question. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness and safety of NK1-RAs in preventing CINV. The primary end point was complete response (CR) in the acute, delayed, and overall phases after chemotherapy. Subgroup analyses evaluated the types of NK1-RAs, routines of administration, types of malignancies, regimens used in combination with NK1-RAs, and age of patients included in the studies. The incidences of different types of adverse events were also extracted to estimate the safety of NK1-RAs. Results: A total of 38 RCTs involving 13,923 patients were identified. The CR rate of patients receiving NK-RAs was significantly higher than patients in the control groups during overall phase (70.8% vs 56.0%, P<0.001), acute phase (85.1% vs 79.6%, P<0.001), and delayed phase (71.4% vs 58.2%, P<0.001). There were three studies including patients of children or adolescents, the CR rate was also significantly higher in the treatment group (overall phase: OR=2.807, P<0.001; acute phase: OR=2.863, P =0.012; delayed phase: OR=2.417, P<0.001). For all the other outcomes, patients in the NK1-RAs groups showed improvements compared to the control groups (incidence of nausea: 45.2% vs 45.9%, P<0.001; occurrence of vomiting: 22.6% vs 38.9%, P<0.001; usage of rescue drugs: 23.5% vs 34.1%, P<0.001). The pooled side effects from NK1-RAs did not significantly differ from previous reports and the toxicity rates in patients less than eighteen years old also did not diff between the two groups (P=0.497). However, we found that constipation and insomnia were more common in the patients of control groups, whereas diarrhea and hiccups were more frequently detected in patients receiving NK1-RAs. Conclusions: NK1-RAs improved the CR rate of CINV. They are effective for both adults and children. The use of NK1-RAs might be associated with the appearance of diarrhea and hiccups, while decreasing the possibility of constipation and insomnia.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2010

Aerosol observation with Raman LIDAR in NIES (National Institute for Environmental Studies, Japan) LIDAR network was conducted from 17 April to 12 June 2008 over Beijing, China. The aerosol optical properties derived from Raman LIDAR were compared with the retrieved data from sun photometer and sky radiometer observations in the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET). The comparison provided the complete knowledge of aerosol optical and physical properties in Beijing, especially in pollution and Asian dust events. The averaged aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 675 nm was 0.81 and the Angstrom exponent between 440 nm and 675 nm was 0.99 during experiment. The LIDAR derived AOD at 532 nm in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) was 0.48, which implied that half of the total AOD was contributed by the aerosol in PBL. The corresponding averaged LIDAR ratio and total depolarization ratio (TDR) were 48.5sr and 8.1%. The negative correlation between LIDAR ratio and TDR indicated the LIDAR ratio decreased with aerosol size because of the high TDR associated with nonspherical and large aerosols. The typical volume size distribution of the aerosol clearly demonstrated that the coarse mode radius located near 3 ${\mu}m$ in dust case, a bi-mode with fine particle centered at 0.2 ${\mu}m$ and coarse particle at 2 ${\mu}m$ was the characteristic size distribution in the pollution and clean cases. The different size distributions of aerosol resulted in its different optical properties. The retrieved LIDAR ratio and TDR were 41.1sr and 19.5% for a dust event, 53.8sr and 6.6% for a pollution event as well as 57.3sr and 7.2% for a clean event. In conjunction with the observed surface wind field near the LIDAR site, most of the pollution aerosols were produced locally or transported from the southeast of Beijing, whereas the dust aerosols associated with the clean air mass were transported by the northwesterly or southwesterly winds.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.97-114
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• 2018

우리나라 수출입의 중요한 비중을 차지하는 동아시아 지역은 지리적, 정치적, 경제적, 사회 문화적 상호보완성으로 인해 더욱 증대될 것으로 예상된다. 최근 수출입 증대와 더불어 우리나라 항만과 대동아시아 국가간의 항만 물동량 역시 증가세를 유지하고 있다. 그러나 이들 국가의 경제 규모 및 성장율의 차이, 항만인프라 수준, 지리적 위치 등과 같은 다양한 요인으로 인해 이들 항만과의 물동량은 변동성을 보이고 있다. 항만 물동량의 변동성과 항만 네트워크의 변화에 대한 많은 연구에도 불구하고 우리나라 항만과 동아시아 항만과의 보다 세밀한 연구는 제한적이기 때문에 본 연구가 이러한 갭을 보충하고자 한다. 본 연구는 우리나라의 대동아시아 지역항만간 수출 컨테이너 화물의 유통경로의 추이를 분석하고, 이를 통해 우리나라 무역업체, 선사, 물류업체, 항만당국의 정책적 실무적 시사점을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 2007~2015년간 우리나라의 주요항만과 대동아시아 개별항만간의 물동량의 변동성을 변이할당기법을 사용하여 분석을 진행한다. 분석결과 우리나라 항만 전체적으로 Shanghai, Ningbo, Ho Chi Minh, Haiphong 등이 규모와 물동량 증가면에서 가장 중요한 항으로 나타났다. 항만단위로 볼 때 부산항에서는 중국항의 경우 Yantai, Weihai, Hakata, Kobe, Ho Chi Minh, Haiphong, 인천항은 Lianyungang, Tianjin, Osaka, Kobe, Ho Chi Minh, Haiphong, 광양항은 Tianjinxingang, Weihai, Yokohama, Ho Chi Mihn, Tanjong, 울산항은 Yantai, Lianyungang, Nagoya, Kobe, Ho Chi Minh, Portkelang항과의 항만네트워크가 중요한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 우리나라의 정부, 항만당국, 해운 물류업체들은 이들 항만과의 물류네트워크 협력을 강화하는 한편 이들 항만에 대한 투자를 적극적으로 추진해 나갈 필요가 있다.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.181-212
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• 2018

2017년 두테르테 정부는 집권 2년차를 맞아 보다 강력하게 치안 유지를 위한 정책을 폈으며, 아세안의장국으로서 자주적인 외교를 표방하였다. 마약과의 전쟁을 계속하였고 아울러 부패 공직자에 대한 처벌을 통해 자신의 정치적 입지를 높이려 하였다. 또한 무슬림 테러조직인 마우테 그룹의 소탕을 이유로 민다나오 지역에 계엄령을 선포하고 대외적으로도 대테러 공조를 강화하였다. 또한 집권초기 화해 제스처를 취하고 평화협상도 추진했던 공산반군과는, 일련의 유혈사태로 인하여 평화 기조를 종결하고 진압작전을 시작하였다. 여전히 높은 지지도에 힘입어 강력한 드라이브를 걸고 있지만 사회경제적으로 낮은 계층과 소수집단들이 점점 소외됨으로써 일종의 불안 요인이 되고 있다. 아세안의장국으로서 두테르테 정부는 기존의 확고한 우방인 미국과도 일정한 거리를 두는 반면, 실질적인 경제적 이익을 취할 수 있는 중국이나 러시아와는 친밀도를 높이는 방향으로 선회하였다. 외부 경제적 지원을 다각화하고 안으로는 세수를 증대하는 정책을 통해 인프라 확립을 우선 과제로 선정했다. 높은 경제성장률을 보이고 있는 필리핀이 확고한 인프라 확립에 대한 기대감도 크지만, 전통적으로 외부 자원에 의존하여 외채 부담을 늘렸던 전철을 밞지 않기 위해서는 세제 개혁이 성공적으로 마무리될 수 있어야할 것으로 보인다. 한국의 신남방정책은 두테르테 자주외교 정책과 접점을 찾는 것이 필요해 보이며, 인프라 개발에 한국 정부나 기업의 효율적인 협력 방안을 모색하는 것도 향후 과제가 될 것이다.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.77-114
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 최근 태국과 필리핀에서 관찰된 정치변동의 본질이 민주화 이행과정에서 일시적으로 나타난 "민주화의 후퇴" 현상인지, 아니면 권위주의체제로 회귀하여 "재권위주의화"되고 있는 것인지에 대한 답을 찾고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 정치변동 관련 기존연구들에 기초한 세 가지의 가설을 추출하였다. 민주적 절차와 제도 및 민간우위의 원칙을 통한 자유민주주의체제 특성을 확인할 <가설 1>, 개인의 자유과 권리 통제, 권력의 집중현상, 법치주의를 위협하는 포퓰리즘의 통치행태 등 권위주의체제 특성을 확인할 <가설 2>, 그리고 민주화 이행과정에서 민주적인 제도와 대중적 인식 사이의 일치 또는 부조화를 확인할 수 있는 <가설 3> 등이다. 가설들을 통하여 분석한 결과 태국과 필리핀에서 관찰되는 최근의 정치변동은 일시적인 "민주화의 후퇴"보다는 "재권위주의화"로 규정하는 것이 더 타당할 것으로 판단된다. 이러한 결론의 함의는 경쟁적 선거와 평화적 정권교체라는 민주적인 제도나 절차의 변화만으로는 자유민주주의체제로 성공적인 이행이 보장되지 못한다는 사실이다. 아울러 대중들의 인식과 신념의 변화 및 민주적 실행이 수반되지 않는 경우 반쪽자리 민주주의로 그 생명력이 오래 지속될 수 없음도 두 사례를 통하여 확인할 수 있었다.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.329-358
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• 2011

The pottery and porcelain of Myanmar is very various such as Celadon, Black glazed large Jar and White galzed Jar painted Green Colour. In these Myanmarese Ceramics, Black glazed large Jar is very important to understand the Character and Role of Myanmar Ceramics. The description on the Black glazed large Jar of Myanmar is seen in several Books such as a travel essay of Ibun Battuta, Duarte Barbosa, The book of Duarte Barbosa: A Account of the Contries Bordering on the Indian Ocean and their Inhabitants, Jan Huygen van Linschoten, Volker, T., Porcelain and the Dutch East India Company These descriptions on the Black glazed Jar in these Books are important evidence to discovery the existence of it and its Types and Price and Use. The appearance of Black glazed Jar of Myanmar is considered in the Middle of 14C with the description of the Book of Ibn Battuta. Furthermore, Excavated from the Shipwreck of China in the Sinan, Chellanamdo, it is certain that the Black glazed large Jar was already existed in the early of 14C. And it was considered that the Shipwreck of China in the Sinan, Chellanamdo was started from Ninbo(寧波) of China to the destination of Japan with the Inscrition made Bamboo. So we know that The route of $Ninbo{\rightarrow}Korea{\rightarrow}Japan$ is very important in the Trade Ceramics of East Asia in 14C. And The size of Black glazed Jar has 3 types, Large, Middle and Small. The large type is used as a Tools for Water and Oil. The small type is the personal bottle for drinking. The Price of Black glazed Jar of Myanmar was changed as times go by. The price of the late of 16C and the early of 17C is 30 prolin and the late of 17C is 8 Prolin. The price of the Black glazed Jar of Myanmar in the late of 16C and the early of 17C is estimated 3 times for the price of the late of 17C. and This change of the price of Myanmarese Black Glazed Jar is decided on the Demand and Supply. and the Black glazed Jar of Myanmar was mainly used for the tools for Morpin in the year of 1620 and for Salt and Sugar in the year of 1640 and for Water and Oil in the late of 17C.

• 동남아시아연구
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.161-196
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• 2018

이 글의 목적은 미얀마 민간정부의 정치발전 양상을 결손민주주의 개념에서 분석하고, 정치발전을 지체 또는 정체시킨 주체들과 주체들 간의 상관관계를 규명하는 것이다. 나아가 이 글에서는 현재와 같은 정치구도와 행태를 돌파하여 긍정적인 정치발전을 위해 요구되는 과제를 제시하고자 한다. 2016년 민간정부가 출범했으나 권력 행사와 의사결정구조에 있어서 정부의 행동 양식은 군부 권위주의의 행태를 탈피하지 못함으로써 긍정적인 정치발전의 성과를 달성하지 못했다. 정부 차원에서 특정 인물 1인이 모든 권력을 장악하고 각 권력기관에 대한 수평적 책임을 지지 않으므로 위임민주주의와 후견민주주의가 강화된다. 국방과 치안에서 지분을 장악한 군부는 버마족 중심의 배타적 민주주의와 군부가 제정한 비민주적 헌법을 수호하며 비자유적 민주주의를 추구한다. 결손민주주의가 나타나는 근본적인 원인은 장기간 군부통치로 인해 민주적 제도를 운영할 집단의 부재, 민간에 의한 군부통제라는 민간우위의 원칙을 지킬 수 없는 권력구도의 한계로 요약된다. 따라서 미얀마 정치발전의 과제는 군부의 병영 복귀와 권위주의적 질서에 길들여진 민간정부의 권력구도와 정치행태를 민주적으로 전환하는 것이다.

• 통합자연과학논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2018

The red algae Gracilaria vermiculophylla is widely spread around seaside areas across the globe, and has been used as a food resource in Southeast Asian countries. Previous studies have shown that Gracilaria red algae extracts have beneficial antihypercholesterolemic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. In this study, we investigated the antioxidant effects of Gracilaria vermiculophylla extracts (GV-Ex) on human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs). The acetone and DMSO/ethanol solvents of the tested GV contain higher total flavonoid and polyphenolic contents that can strongly scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pre-treatment with GV-Ex protected hBM-MSCs against oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide treatment. The protective effects of GV-Ex treatment were confirmed by MTT assay. The elevated levels of ROS in hBM-MSCs caused by hydrogen peroxide induced oxidative stress were significantly decreased by GV extract treatment. The levels of the antioxidant proteins superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and catalase (CAT) were also restored or protected by GV-Ex treatment, suggesting that GV extracts moderate excess ROS levels and prevent cells from oxidative damage.