• Journal of Species Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 2021

Anteholosticha bergeri and Bakuella granulifera were isolated from soil samples collected from Muuidong and Songdo-dong, Incheon and confirmed new to South Korea. Including these two newly recorded species, 11 species of Anteholosticha and four species of Bakuella have been recorded in South Korea to date. Anteholosticha bergeri was discriminated from congeners by following characters: cortical granules, 12-16 macronuclei, 5-8 midventral pairs, 2-3 pretransverse cirri, 4-6 transverse cirri, and three dorsal kineties. Bakuella granulifera was identified by cortical granules, 5-11 buccal cirri, 2-5 frontoterminal cirri, 2-5 midventral cirri rows, and 8-12 transverse cirri. The Korean A. bergeri population corresponds to the Austrian population, except for the number of marginal and transverse cirri, and the Korean B. granulifera population corresponds to the Namibian population, except for body size. In addition, small subunit ribosomal RNA(18S rRNA) gene sequences from both species were determined.

• Journal of Agricultural Extension & Community Development
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.83-93
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• 2004

This paper investigated the characteristics of population structure and the determinants of population movement in the south west area of Kyonggi-do by grouping 9 cities in 3 categories and using Panel data of $1995{\sim}2001$. The major findings of this paper were identified as follows : 1) The population structure of regions was different to the stages of urbanization. The ratio of child and elder dependency was high in the rural regions and low in the urbanized regions. It was due to the movement of economically active population of $20{\sim}40$ aged groups, from rural regions to urban regions. This means that more productive segments of the rural population leave the country to the city. In addition. The ratio of male to female was higher in $20{\sim}40$ aged groups for rural regions. This suggested that young females moved from rural regions to urban regions more than young males in the process of industrialization. 2) Based in pooling regression, income was the most significant determinant that could explain the inter-regional and intra-regional movement of population for south west area studied, The next one was educational opportunity variable. The coefficients of income and education were 0.5, 0,7 for intra-regional migration and 0.01, 0.02 for interregional migration indicating that Todaro's hypothesis could be tested well rather than Tiebout' model for this area.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.174-178
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• 2009

The characteristics of the population genetic structure of the Japanese anchovy (Engraulis japonicus Temminck & Schlegel) were collected from the West, South and East Seas of Korea in August, 2006 and were compared using six microsatellite DNA loci. In the West Sea population, the range of allele number against 72 individuals was from 19 to 41, the average allele number was 28.5. In EJ9, the allele number had the highest value of 41, this was 1.4 times higher than the average number of allele. The average allele number of the South Sea population was 24.5 that was less than that of West Sea population. In EJ2, EJ9 and EJ27.1 loci, the allele number was higher than average allele number in the South Sea population. In the East Sea population, the average allele number was estimated at 25.0 that most of loci except for EJ35 were higher than average allele number. Allele frequency in the West, South and East Sea populations was below 0.24. The value of observed heterozosity for six loci was approximately 0.5 higher than that of expected heterozosity (p>0.05), but three populations similar values to these heterozosity. Although the genetic diversity was higher value of above 0.9, three populations had a similar value. Genetic differentiation and distance combined estimate of the six loci were 0.258 and 0.019 (p>0.05), respectively, but showed no significant distance between three populations. These results suggested that it is responsible for no differentiated gene pool between three populations.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 1992

The changes of pectoral muscle size (as an index of protein reserves) and fat reserves (as an index of lipid) were measured in wintering Dunlin during 1988 -1989 on two estuaries located in the south coast of Korea. The mean of lean mass of February population was greater(11.8%) than that of October population. SMI of October population was greater(4.5%) than that of February population and lipid index of October population also greater(1.6%) than that of February population. This show that the body condition of October population is better than February population. The mean of fat and protein reserves of 22 % of Dunlin arriving on October for their wintering were higher than that of others, this group seems to continue their migration to south further and 11% of the wintering population seems to starve during winter.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.31 no.12
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• pp.3693-3696
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• 2010

We experimentally measure the kinetic energy and angular distributions of photoelectrons of $N_2$ as a function of 410 nm femtosecond laser intensity by using velocity map imaging technique. The strong-field multiphoton ionization of molecules shares many of the characteristics with those of atoms. Electron kinetic energies are nearly independent of laser intensities. The independence suggests that the electron peaks in the photoelectron spectrum actually result from a two-step process, indicative of the occurrence of real population in the intermediate states. The relative amplitudes of electron peaks indicate that in the two-step process, nonresonant population transfer dominates for low intensities, while resonant population transfer dominates for higher intensities.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.154-158
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• 2020

The Asian crested ibis Nipponia nippon is one of the world's most endangered species. Except for the Sanxii population from China, it is known that all of the crested ibis populations from East Asia have been extinguished. In these days, most of them are being inbred as captive populations in China, South Korea, and Japan, which caused their low expected genetic diversity. Microsatellite markers are well known as a suitable DNA marker for exploring genetic diversity among captive populations of a variety of endangered species. In the present study, ten microsatellite markers were developed for the captive populations of the South Korean crested ibis, which were employed to examine the level of genetic diversity with the two founders from Sanxii, China and the 70 descendants of them. As a result, the mean number of gene diversity, observed heterozygosity, and expected heterozygosity of the captive population were 0.70, 0.84, and 0.70 respectively. It revealed that the captive population of South Korea is as genetically more stable than we expected. In addition, the principal coordinates analysis and genetic structure analyses showed that the captive population of N. nippon can be divided into the two different genetic groups. The developed microsatellite markers here could be helpful for crested ibis conservation in East Asian countries such as China and Japan as well as South Korea.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.523-530
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• 2008

In this study, the species composition and population genetic properties of the sea slater, Ligia, in South Korea were investigated using mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Two groups of sea slaters, genetically isolated from each other, a Western Group (WG) and an Eastern Group (EG) were identified. These groups exhibited considerable genetic divergence from Ligia exotica, previously recorded as a species inhabiting this country. These results indicate that there may be two species of Ligia in South Korea, but there is a small probability that both groups are L. exotica. A comparison of their genetic properties indicates that WG has a higher effective population size than EG, and that EG may have experienced a recent expansion, implying that it has a shorter history in South Korea than WG. These findings suggest that the South Korean sea slater populations may have been established as a result of several colonization events that can be traced on a continental scale by phylogeographic studies of sea slaters.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.8-10
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• 1965

1. We have observed the frequency , geographi variation and microgeographic variation of the elytral pattern types and the elytral edge of the population of Lady-beetle, Harmonia axyridis PALLACE, collected in Jinju and other 6 localitites in South Korea. 2. the number of specimen collected were 6,625 in which Succinea was 90.32% : Axyridis ; 0.74% : Spectabilis , 3.82% ; and Conspicua 5.07%. 3. We have found that 92.26% of all specimens have elytral edge. 4. There were some differences in the compositional of the elytral pattern types and elytral edge to the population among the Western seaside , inland and southern seaside of South Korea , whereas as great difference was in the compositional proportion tot he population of Spectabilis between the western and southern seaside . There was also a gret difference of the elytral edge between the inland and southern seaside. 5. A micro-geographic variation was observed in Jinju , located on southern area of South Korea. In the samples collected from the pine trees at Jinju area the Succinea occupied 73.25%, and 69.61 % were found to be provided with elytral edge, while in the general population 92.46% of specimen were Succinea and 98.35% were found to have elytral edge.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2013

A recent study on the mitochondrial genetic variation of the Carassius auratus population in South Korea suggested that there are 3 distinct mitochondrial lineages in the country, and that they are geographically separated between westward rivers and southward rivers, respectively. In this study, the population genetic structure of amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) of Carassius auratus was investigated. The results of analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) supported the geographic distinction between westward and southward river populations, but only 3.66% of total genetic variance lies among these populations. The panmicticity of the AFLP genetic variation is backed up by the results of the neighbor-joining dendrogram drawn from a linearized pairwise $F_{ST}$ matrix and Bayesian clustering analysis. The discordance of genetic structure between mitochondrial and AFLP genetic variation may come from difference in effective population size between these markers and/or gene flow between westward and southward river populations through river capture events.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2020

Cynanchum L. in the subfamily Asclepiadoideae (Apocynaceae) includes four recognized species on the Korean peninsula, two of which are native to South Korea. However, the species ranges in South Korea are poorly defined. During a field survey, we discovered C. thesioides, previously unrecorded in South Korea, in Gimpo-si, Gyeonggi-do, and found an additional population of C. chinense, for which only one population has been reported in South Korea. The two taxa are considered rare species with extremely restricted distributions in South Korea, especially C. thesioides. We provide fundamental information, including descriptions, images of the habitats and morphological characters, and a taxonomic key for identification and assessments of the conservation status of Cynanchum species in Korea.