• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제54권2호
• /
• pp.146-156
• /
• 2018

Acoustic surveys were conducted in the seas surround the South Korea (South Sea A, South Sea B (waters around the Jeju Island), West Sea and East Sea) in spring and autumn in 2016. First, the vertical and horizontal distributions of fisheries resources animals were examined. In most cases vertical acoustic biomass was high in surface water and mid-water layers other than South Sea A in autumn and West Sea. The highest vertical acoustic biomass showed at the depth of 70-80 m in the South Sea A in spring ($274.4m^2/nmi^2$) and the lowest one was 10-20 m in the West Sea in autumn ($0.4m^2/nmi^2$). With regard to the horizontal distributions of fisheries resources animals, in the South Sea A, the acoustic biomass was high in eastern and central part of the South Sea and the northeast of Jeju Island ($505.4-4099.1m^2/nmi^2$) in spring while it was high in eastern South Sea and the coastal water of Yeosu in autumn ($1046.9-2958.3m^2/nmi^2$). In the South Sea B, the acoustic biomass was occurred high in the southern and western seas of Jeju Island in spring ($201.0-1444.9m^2/nmi^2$) and in the southern of Jeju Island in autumn ($203.7-1440.9m^2/nmi^2$). On the other hand, the West Sea showed very low acoustic biomass in spring (average NASC of $1.1m^2/nmi^2$), yet high acoustic biomass in the vicinity of 37 N in autumn ($562.6-3764.2m^2/nmi^2$). The East Sea had high acoustic biomass in the coastal seas of Busan, Ulsan and Pohang in spring ($258.7{\sim}976.4m^2/nmi^2$) and of Goseong, Gangneung, Donghae, Pohang and Busan in autumn ($267.3-1196.3m^2/nmi^2$). During survey periods, fish schools were observed only in the South Sea A and the East Sea in spring and the West Sea in autumn. Fish schools in the South Sea A in spring were small size ($333.2{\pm}763.2m^2$) but had a strong $S_V$ ($-49.5{\pm}5.3dB$). In the East Sea, fish schools in spring had low $S_V$ ($-60.5{\pm}14.5dB$) yet had large sizes ($537.9{\pm}1111.5m^2$) and were distributed in the deep water depth ($83.5{\pm}33.5m$). Fish schools in the West Sea in autumn had strong $S_V$ ($-49.6{\pm}7.4dB$) and large sizes ($507.1{\pm}941.8m^2$). It was the first time for three seas surrounded South Korea to be conducted by acoustic surveys to understand the distribution and aggregation characteristics of fisheries resources animals. The results of this study would be beneficially used for planning a future survey combined acoustic method and mid-water trawling, particularly deciding a survey location, a time period, and a targeting water depth.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.88-92
• /
• 2004

To improve the recovery rate of unlocated buried human remains in forensic investigations, there is scope to evaluate and develop techniques that are applicable to the Australian environment. I established controlled gravesites (comprising shallow buried kangaroos, pigs, and human cadavers) in South Australia, to allow the methodical testing of remote sensing equipment for the purpose of grave detection in forensic investigations. Eight-month-old pig graves are shown to provide more distinct identifying results using ground-penetrating radar when compared to four-year-old kangaroo graves. Two further aspects of this research are presented: information (obtained from a survey) relating to the police use of geophysical instruments for locating buried human remains, and the use of electrical resistivity for locating human remains buried in a coffin. The survey of Australian police jurisdictions, covering the period 1995-2000, showed that police searches for unlocated bodies have not successfully located human remains using any geophysical instruments (such as ground-penetrating radar, magnetometers, or electrical resistivity). Lower resistivity readings were found coincident with the 150-year-old single historical burial in a heavily excavated field, in a situation where its exact location was previously unknown.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제51권1호
• /
• pp.86-93
• /
• 2015

Anchovy (Engraulis japonicus) is one of the most important species in the South Sea of South Korea. In order to estimate the biomass of anchovy, acoustic surveys, concurrently with trawling, were conducted in April, July, and September of 2013 and February of 2014 off the coast of Tongyeong and Yeosu. However, anchovies were found only during spring (April) and winter (February) surveys. To display only anchovy species confirmed by trawls on empty spaced echograms, virtual echograms were created. Three target strength (TS) values of anchovy were used: TS_z = 20 log L - (20/3) log (1+z/10) - 67.6 (Zhao et al.), TS_y =20 log L - 72.9 (Yoon et al.), TS_f = 20 log L - 71.9 (Foote). For anchovy schools combined with other species e.g., hairtail, squid, and Korean pomfret, their TS values were used to calculate an average TS. As a result, the anchovy biomass in the winter survey was approximately 75,000 tons (TS_z), 90,000 tons (TS_f), 114,000 tons (TS_y), respectively. The biomass in spring was 9,000 tons (TS_z), 9,200 tons (TS_f), 10,000 tons (TS_y). The sampling variance of spring was 70% and of winter was 30%. In order to manage anchovy resource sustainably, larvae and adult anchovy should be separately surveyed, the optimal area, date, and time for acoustic survey should be investigated, and the biomass survey should be done for relatively long and regular base.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
• /
• 제11권spc호
• /
• pp.97-115
• /
• 2005

본 연구는 북한이탈주민과 접촉한 경험이 있는 다양한 집단들을 대상으로 태도, 신뢰와 수용에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 분석하였다. 조사 대상자는 총 392명으로 북한이탈주민을 접촉해보지 않은 무경험자 222명과 접촉경험자 170명이었다. 무경험자 집단에는 대학생과 일반 성인이 포함되었고, 경험자 집단에는 노동상담원, 대안학교 교사, 대학 튜터, 북한이탈주민후원기관의 직원, 대학급우, 보호담당형사, 사회복지사, 교회신자, 자원봉사자 등이 포함되었다. 접촉경험이 없는 집단과 접촉경험이 있는 다양한 집단들의 태도를 비교해본 결과, 무경험 집단은 부정적인 정서와 함께 연민의 정서가 매우 높았고 신뢰와 수용은 중간정도에 위치하였다. 접촉경험이 있는 집단 중에는 보호담당 형사와 대안학교 교사 집단이 대조적인 결과를 보였다. 보호담당 형사들은 무경험자들에 비해서 북한이탈주민에 대해 전반적으로 더 부정적인 인지와 정서를 가지고 있고, 신뢰와 수용의 정도도 가장 낮았다. 대안학교 교사들은 북한이탈주민이 긍정적인 점도 있는 한편 거칠고 의존적이라는 점을 인정하면서도, 긍정적인 정서와 높은 신뢰와 수용을 나타내었다. 이는 접촉경험이 북한이탈주민에 대하여 더 긍정적인 방향으로 사람들을 변화시키기도 하고, 더 부정적인 방향으로 변화시키기도 함을 보여주었다. 보호담당 형사와 대안학교 교사 두 집단 간의 확연한 차이를 설명해주는 것은 접촉의 양상이라기보다는 권위주의 성격이나 불확실성 회피경향 등의 개인적 특성인 것으로 밝혀졌다. 신뢰와 수용에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 검증한 결과, 정서적 요인이 가장 중요한 것으로 나타난 점이 주목할 만 하다. 이러한 결과들이 북한이탈주민의 적응과정을 도와주는 공무원이나 교사의 선발과 훈련에 대하여 갖는 시사점과 평화교육에 대하여 갖는 함의에 대하여 논의하였다.

• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제58호
• /
• pp.137-154
• /
• 2019

경찰 조직 내에서 갈등 관리는 조직 관리 관점에서 중요한 영역 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 경찰 조직 내에서 절차적인 어려움에 직면할 때 경찰 관리자들이 절차적 혁신성을 갖는지 탐색하고자 한다. 이 연구는 사례 연구 전략을 채택하여 일본, 미국 및 한국의 3개 경찰기관에서 있었던 실제 사례를 조사하였다. 각 경찰기관의 경찰관들을 인터뷰하여, (1) 위계적 권위의 만연, (2) 절차상의 갈등, (3) 조직 문화, (4) 가치와 가정의 기원, (5) 전략의 특성, 그리고 (6) 조직 학습이라는 6가지 주제를 이끌어냈다. 연구 결과에 따르면, 각 경찰기관의 절차적 갈등에 대한 대처 전략에서 유사점이 차이점보다 많았으며, 계층적 권한의 만연, 비공식 네트워크의 중요성 및 비공식 네트워크의 특성이 그 예이다. 핵심적인 결론은 경찰 관리자들이 절차상의 갈등을 극복하기 위해 비공식 네트워크에 상당히 의존했다는 것이다. 연구 참가자들은 비공식적 의사소통에 의존하여 조직의 적응력과 생존 가능성을 높이고자 하였다. 또한, 사회 문화적인 요인이 경찰 조직에 영향을 주었고, 이는 비공식 네트워크의 역할을 지지하는 결과를 가져왔다. 이러한 연구 결과는 공식적인 조직 내에 비공식적인 요소가 크게 자리잡고 있다는 역설을 보여주는 것으로 경찰 조직의 현실을 반영한 것으로 보인다.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제50권1호
• /
• pp.12-20
• /
• 2014

The objective of this paper is to aid in basic directions for the countermeasure against marine accidents by using the statistical data of Jeju Coast Guard from 1983 to 2012. Marine accidents of about 600~1,000 vessels was reported in all the waters around South Korea from 2000 to 2008. From 2009, these accidents increased rapidly and reached 1,600~2,000 vessels. Although marine accidents of longline fishing vessels did not show a big change prior to 1993, the number have increased steadily until 2007. This is considered a tendency that appears when longline vessels, using the Port of Sungsanpo as a base and operating in fishing grounds in the East China Sea, are converted to long-term fishing from short-term fishing for reasons such as cost reduction due to the sudden rise of oil prices and the performance improvement of the fishing vessels. The number of vessels in marine accidents decreased gradually from 1999 to 2002 and for nearly 7 years from 2002 to 2008, the annual average of marine accidents stayed at 97 vessels. This is seemed to be the result of a change in the policy of either the central or local government and largely associated with changes in the way of statistical processing. This tendency is resulted in lower number of the accidents due to careless navigation which can be viewed as a human error than the number of marine accidents due to poor maintenance as a cause of mechanical failure in the same period. The increase rate in the marine accidents of Jeju Island-based fishing vessels is greater than that of other area-based fishing vessels among the fishing vessels operating in coastal and near sea around Jeju Island each year.

• 수산해양기술연구
• /
• 제51권2호
• /
• pp.235-244
• /
• 2015

The multi-frequency characteristics of anchovy schools were investigated using six acoustic lines collected at 38 and 120 kHz while a primary trawl survey was conducted from 14 April and 18 April of 2014 in off the coast of Tongyeong and Geo-je. Here, the frequency characteristics mean ${\Delta}MVBS$ that is the difference of Mean Volume Backscattering Strength at two frequencies. To use the characteristics effectively, the optimal cell size ($10{\times}2m$) was determined by examining several different cell sizes in consideration with the shapes of fish schools and the ${\Delta}MVBS$ pattern. By examining 6 histograms of ${\Delta}MVBS$, afternoon groups were occupied more in the ${\Delta}MVBS$ range of -6~-4 dB than that of -4~-2 dB, comparing to morning groups. The ${\Delta}MVBS$ range of the morning groups was between -16.9 dB and 11.6 dB, and that of the afternoon groups -16.7 dB and 13.0 dB. The average and standard deviation were $-3.9{\pm}3.6$ dB in the morning and $-4.1{\pm}3.4$ dB in the afternoon, suggesting that morning groups were 2 dB higher than afternoon groups. The ${\Delta}MVBS$ range of all anchovy schools regardless of morning and afternoon was between -16.9 dB and 13.0 dB, their average ${\Delta}MVBS$ was $-4.1{\pm}3.5$ dB. The characteristics can support to identify anchovy species in the waters where multiple fish species are distributed. It is hoped that this study presents the availability and benefit of acoustic data from a primary trawl survey.

• 한국재난정보학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국재난정보학회 2023년 정기학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.289-290
• /
• 2023

이 연구의 목적은 집중억제전략(focused deterrence)이 자치경찰제에 미칠 수 있는 영향을 검토하는 데 있다. 구체적으로 집중억제전략이 실시된 보스턴 총기 프로젝트의 성공 원인을 검토하고, 국내 자치경찰위원회의 시책과 비교·분석하였다. 이를 통해 집중억제전략이 자치경찰제에 가지는 의미를 파악하고, 국내에서 집중억제전략이 성공적으로 실행되기 위한 방안을 제언하였다.

• 시큐리티연구
• /
• 제61호
• /
• pp.87-107
• /
• 2019

"공공부문 정규직 전환"이라는 정부의 정책 변화에 따라 국회, 정부청사, 인천공항 등 국가중요시설에 대한 보안산업에 상당한 변화가 일어나고 있다. 또한, 현역병 지원감소 등의 이유로 2023년 의무경찰 제도가 폐지하게 되어 국회, 정부청사, 경찰청 등 국가중요시설뿐만 아니라 경찰관서, 국회의장 등의 공관 및 전직 대통령 사저 등에서 기존 의무경찰이 담당하던 시설경비업무를 대체할 수 있는 인력 마련이 시급한 현실이다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 대체 인력으로 거론되고 있는 청원경찰, 특수경비원, 방호원의 법적근거 및 관리감독, 고용형태 및 임금, 직무범위 및 직무권한에 대한 비교분석을 실시하였으며, 수도권 5개 대학(2년제 전문대학 3개, 4년제 대학교 2개)의 경호 및 보안 관련 학과에 재학 중인 학생 234명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시한 결과 청원경찰로 대체하는 것이 가장 효과적인 방안이라 할 수 있다. 이러한 보안산업의 변화에 따라 경호 및 보안 관련 학과에서는 청원경찰로의 취업 등 우수한 인력을 양성하기 위해 '위급상황 대처능력', '무도능력'을 중심으로 학생들의 다양한 능력을 향상시키기 위해 노력해야 한다. 또한, '무도 단증'과 '응급구조 및 심폐소생술', '경비지도사 및 신변보호사' 등의 자격증을 취득하기 위한 '무도실기', '청원경찰법', '응급구조 및 심폐소생술' 등의 과목을 경호 및 보안 관련 학과 교육과정에 적극적으로 반영할 필요성이 있다.

• 유통과학연구
• /
• 제16권7호
• /
• pp.47-56
• /
• 2018

Purpose - This study aims to not only investigate spatial pattern of immigrants' residence and crime occurrences in South Korea, but shed light on how geographic distribution of immigrants and immigrant segregation affect crime rates. Research design, data, and methodology - Th unit of analysis is Si-Gun-Gu municipal level entities of South Korea. The crime data was obtained by Korea National Police Agency and two major types(violence and property) of crime were measured. Most demographic, social, and economic variables were derived from Korean Census Data in 2015. In order to examine spatial patterns of immigrants' distribution and crime rates in South Korea, the present study utilized GIS mapping technique and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis(ESDA) tools. The causal linkage was investigated by a series of regression models using STATA. Results - Spatial inequality between urban metropolitan vs rural areas was visualized by mapping. Assuming large Moran's I value, spatial autocorrelation appeared to be quite strong. Several neighborhood characteristics such as residential stability and economic prosperity were found to be important factors leading to crime rate change. Residential distribution and segregation for immigrants were negatively significant in the regression models. Conclusions - Unlike the traditional arguments of social disorganization theory, immigrant segregation appeared to reduce violent crime rate and the high proportion of immigrants also turned out to be a crime prevention factor.