• Title/Summary/Keyword: Sources of variation

Search Result 609, Processing Time 0.029 seconds

A Change in the Temperature of Samples and the Infrared Radiation on the Irradiance Variation of Light Sources (광원의 방사조도의 변동에 따른 시료의 온도와 적외선 복사량의 변화)

  • Han, Jong-Sung;Kim, Gi-Hoon;Kim, Hoon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
    • /
    • 2004.05a
    • /
    • pp.223-228
    • /
    • 2004
  • 물질을 구성하는 분자가 빛을 흡수하면 그 빛의 파장에 따른 복사에너지에 의하여 열적 반응이나 광화학적 반응이 일어난다. 특히 적외선 복사에 의한 열적 반응은 물질의 온도상승이나 온도하강 등의 과정을 통하여 물질의 물리적 손상을 초래한다. 따라서 적외선을 포함하는 복사에너지의 조사에 의하여 전시실, 진열장내의 전시물의 온도 변화를 측정하여 그 온도의 변화 범위보다 적은 온도 변화가 전시물에서 일어나도록 조명을 제한하고 알맞은 광원을 선정하여야 할 필요가 있다. 본 연구에서는 광원에 의한 시료의 온도상승과 적외선 복사량을 측정할 수 있는 측정시스템을 구축하고, 전시조명용으로 많이 사용하는 여러 광원을 대상으로 각 광원의 방사조도를 변화시키면서 시료의 표면온도와 적외선 복사량을 각각 측정하였다. 측정의 결과를 토대로 방사조도와 온도 및 적외선 복사량간의 함수관계를 파악하고, 조도의 변동에 따른 시료의 온도 변화 및 적외선 복사량의 변화를 비교, 분석하였다.

  • PDF

Real-time photoplethysmographic heart rate measurement using deep neural network filters

  • Kim, Ji Woon;Park, Sung Min;Choi, Seong Wook
    • ETRI Journal
    • /
    • v.43 no.5
    • /
    • pp.881-890
    • /
    • 2021
  • Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a noninvasive technique that can be used to conveniently measure heart rate (HR) and thus obtain relevant health-related information. However, developing an automated PPG system is difficult, because its waveforms are susceptible to motion artifacts and between-patient variation, making its interpretation difficult. We use deep neural network (DNN) filters to mimic the cognitive ability of a human expert who can distinguish the features of PPG altered by noise from various sources. Systolic (S), onset (O), and first derivative peaks (W) are recognized by three different DNN filters. In addition, the boundaries of uninformative regions caused by artifacts are identified by two different filters. The algorithm reliably derives the HR and presents recognition scores for the S, O, and W peaks and artifacts with only a 0.7-s delay. In the evaluation using data from 11 patients obtained from PhysioNet, the algorithm yields 8643 (86.12%) reliable HR measurements from a total of 10 036 heartbeats, including some with uninformative data resulting from arrhythmias and artifacts.

Optimization of media components for cordycepin production from Paecilomyces japonica

  • Byeon, Hak-Gyu;Han, Dae-Seok;Hong, Eok-Gi
    • 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2001.11a
    • /
    • pp.386-389
    • /
    • 2001
  • This study was concentrated on the variation of cordycepin production from liquid culture of Paecilomyces japonica.. Cordycepin production was measured from mycelium and culture broth of P. japoniaz. Optimum media composition was studied on inorganic N-sources, inorganic salts, trace elements and C/N ratio. In this results, cordycepin production in medium containing $(NH_4)_2HPO_4$, histidine and $CaCO_3$ was higher than control in culture broth.

  • PDF

Fiber-Optic Current Sensor Using a Faraday Rotator Glass Fiber Sensor Coil (Faraday Rotator Glass 광섬유 전류센서)

  • 김기혁;송민호
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Illuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers
    • /
    • v.18 no.4
    • /
    • pp.28-33
    • /
    • 2004
  • We developed a fiber-optic CT for large current monitoring in power systems. We used a FRG fiber sensor coil to suppress CT output degradation caused by linear birefringence, and different optical sources were used to compare their noise characteristics. From the experiments, we obtained output variation less than $\pm$0.4(%) when the sensor coil suffered mechanical perturbations, and the ASE source showed -23(㏈) less noise in the output than singlemode laser diode.

A Positioning Method of Droop Controlled Sources for Minimum Average Voltage Variation in a DC Microgrid (직류 마이크로그리드의 평균 전압 변동을 최소화하기 위한 드룹 제어 전원의 위치 선정 기법)

  • Ko, Byoung-Sun;Lee, Gi-Young;Kim, Rae-Young;Kim, Tae-Hoon;Kim, Ju-Yong
    • Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
    • /
    • 2017.07a
    • /
    • pp.116-117
    • /
    • 2017
  • 본 논문에서는 전압 민감도를 통해 직류 마이크로그리드의 전압 변동을 최소화하기 위한 드룹 제어 전원의 위치 선정 기법을 제시한다. 전압 민감도를 도출하기 위해 전력 흐름 분석을 수행하였으며, 드룹 제어의 특성을 반영하기 위해 드룹 버스를 도입하였다. 그러나 드룹 버스를 적용함으로써 전력망의 전압 민감도는 드룹 제어 전원의 위치에 의존하게 된다. 따라서 드룹 제어 전원의 위치에 따른 전압 민감도를 분석하고 이를 비교하여 DC MG의 평균 전압 변동이 최소화되는 위치를 결정하였다. 제안한 드룹 제어 전원의 위치 선정 기법의 결과를 PSCAD/EMTDC 시뮬레이션을 통해 검증하였다.

  • PDF

An Optical Feedback System for 2D Dimming RGB LED Backlight

  • Lee, Tae-Wook;Lee, Jae-Ho;Kim, Chang-Gone;Kang, Sin-Ho
    • 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
    • /
    • 2008.10a
    • /
    • pp.769-772
    • /
    • 2008
  • For several years, many researchers have proposed LED backlight dimming technology for low power consumption and high contrast ratio. One of the major issues plaguing RGB LED with 2D dimming technology is color shift. This undesirable variation makes it difficult to use RGB LED as light sources in the backlight system. This paper describes the useful method of the optical feedback system for 2D dimming RGB LED backlight. The test results show that our proposed method is very suitable for the 2D dimming technology.

  • PDF

Analysis of the Utilization Characteristics of Electrical Power and Equipments on the Farms (농촌의 전력및 전기기기의 이용특성분석)

  • 박승우;류한열
    • Magazine of the Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
    • /
    • v.17 no.4
    • /
    • pp.3943-3955
    • /
    • 1975
  • The purposes of this study are to evaluate the utilization characteristics of electrical power consumption, to grasp the present trends in the use of electrical equipments, to estimate the demand factor and load factor being held, and to evaluate the efficiency of electical uses for the recently electrified farms cultivating paddy rice. For the purposes, 109 sample farms located in eleven villiages electrified in six different years from 1968 to 1973, were chosen at random and investigated on 35 items concerning to electrical uses and wiring systems. The survey was carried out in 1975, in the vinicity of Suweon city. The results are summarized as follows: i) The average annual power consumption on sample farms is considered to be low, being 242.9 Kwh. in 1974, and varied according to the different electrified year and size of cultivated land, respectively. It has significant positive correlation to the area of farm, too. ii) Between the number of year of electrical uses and the power consumption, there is very significant positive correlation, which could be expressed as Y=43.041+16.108 X, where X represents the number of years of electrical uses. The annual increment of power consumption is much greater at the beginning of the electrification than that at the later years, its average being approximately 20 percent. However, it is recommended that any estimation of long-term increments should be carefully investigated. iii) The monthly power consumption varies considerably throughout a year, in which the heaviest farm load occurs in November. Observing the seasonal variation of consumption, the winter-time is the heaviest season while the summer is the lowest. The result implies house lighting is chief contribution to the present electrical consumption on the farms. Comparing the variation of monthly consumption ratios between the sample farms and industries, the electrical uses on the farms are independant of the industrial uses, and further, the agricultural uses are of inverse pattern to the farms from the results that there is negative correlationship between them, iv) The number of electrical equipments used on the farms are occupied chiefly by lighting sources. Next to the lighting sources, household appliances of small quantity and some motors are used. The mean electrical quantity is about 1, 127.4 watt, which corresponds to about 37.6 per cent to the contracted quantity. The composition of quantity is chiefly occupied by the electrical motor of about 1.5 hp., single-phased. The number of the annual utilization hours of each equipment is tabulated in Table IV-5. In contradiction to the high utilization of lighting sources and small household appliances, the motor is poorly used for approximately 22 hours in a year. v) More than 55 per cent of farms want to purchase new electrical equipments such as small household appliances and electrical motors in their number. The impulse of purchasing such items is stimulated by the contacts to the mass media and their knowledge on such equipments. Consequently, the increase of electrical uses could be prompted by such trials as education and demonstration. vi) The demand and load factors on the farms vary considerably according to the greater variation of the power consumption, daily or monthly. The daily demand factor is 22.4 per cent and load factor 18.6 per cent, while the annual demand factor is 1.3 per cent and load factor 70 per cent approximately. Therefore, the low efficiency of construction cost requires re-evaluation of the present contracted quantity of 3 Kw. or increase of electrical uses. vii) The electrical energy on the farms devoted chiefly to lighten the farm residences does not contribute to the farm incomes. Consequently, the cost of electrical consumption presses considerably upon the farm economy. Therefore, there is great need to build up the electrical uses on the farms through the development of new works and techinques to utilize any electrical equipments on the production of farm products. Further more, such the development should be related to increase the actual income of the farm consumers.

  • PDF

Discovery of Gene Sources for Economic Traits in Hanwoo by Whole-genome Resequencing

  • Shin, Younhee;Jung, Ho-jin;Jung, Myunghee;Yoo, Seungil;Subramaniyam, Sathiyamoorthy;Markkandan, Kesavan;Kang, Jun-Mo;Rai, Rajani;Park, Junhyung;Kim, Jong-Joo
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
    • /
    • v.29 no.9
    • /
    • pp.1353-1362
    • /
    • 2016
  • Hanwoo, a Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreana), has great economic value due to high meat quality. Also, the breed has genetic variations that are associated with production traits such as health, disease resistance, reproduction, growth as well as carcass quality. In this study, next generation sequencing technologies and the availability of an appropriate reference genome were applied to discover a large amount of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ten Hanwoo bulls. Analysis of whole-genome resequencing generated a total of 26.5 Gb data, of which 594,716,859 and 592,990,750 reads covered 98.73% and 93.79% of the bovine reference genomes of UMD 3.1 and Btau 4.6.1, respectively. In total, 2,473,884 and 2,402,997 putative SNPs were discovered, of which 1,095,922 (44.3%) and 982,674 (40.9%) novel SNPs were discovered against UMD3.1 and Btau 4.6.1, respectively. Among the SNPs, the 46,301 (UMD 3.1) and 28,613 SNPs (Btau 4.6.1) that were identified as Hanwoo-specific SNPs were included in the functional genes that may be involved in the mechanisms of milk production, tenderness, juiciness, marbling of Hanwoo beef and yellow hair. Most of the Hanwoo-specific SNPs were identified in the promoter region, suggesting that the SNPs influence differential expression of the regulated genes relative to the relevant traits. In particular, the non-synonymous (ns) SNPs found in CORIN, which is a negative regulator of Agouti, might be a causal variant to determine yellow hair of Hanwoo. Our results will provide abundant genetic sources of variation to characterize Hanwoo genetics and for subsequent breeding.

Study on Major Korean Protein Sources Before and After Freeze Drying Processing (한국인 주요 단백질 급원식품 10종에 대한 동결건조 전후의 특성 연구)

  • Son, Yang-Ju;Choi, Soo-Young;Lee, Keum-Yang;Huang, Ying;Yoo, Kyung-Mi;Hwang, In-Kyeong
    • Korean journal of food and cookery science
    • /
    • v.30 no.1
    • /
    • pp.64-75
    • /
    • 2014
  • Freeze-drying process was used for 10 major protein foods referred by the Korea Health Statistics 2011 as follows; chicken, pork, beef, eggs, tofu, squid, soybean, mackerel, anchovy, and pollack/frozen pollack. Boiled samples and re-hydrated samples after freeze-drying were prepared for analysis. The weight variation, the chromaticity, the mechanical texture and sensory properties by eight trained panelists were measured. In the ratio of re-hydration, the anchovy showed the highest value(89.40%), followed by eggs, and squid showed the lowest value(35.51%). Changes of Hunter color value were observed among all samples. For rates on changes of hardness, every sample was increased except for eggs(p<.05). Among the 9 samples, except for eggs, chicken showed the lowest rate of increase in hardness(125.44%) while squid showed the highest rate of increase in hardness(1335.1%). Except for eggs and pork, eight samples represented differences in sensory properties, especially in juiciness and tenderness(p<.05). As a result, we found that egg is the most suitable for freeze-drying among 10 protein sources followed by pork and chicken.

Estimation of CO2 Emission from a Eutrophic Reservoir in Temperate Region (온대지역 부영양 저수지의 이산화탄소 배출량 산정)

  • Chung, Se-Woong;Yoo, Ji-Su;Park, Hyung-Seok;Schladow, S. Geoffrey
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
    • /
    • v.32 no.5
    • /
    • pp.433-441
    • /
    • 2016
  • Many large dams have been constructed for water supply, irrigation, flood control and hydropower in Korea for the last century. Meanwhile, recent studies indicated that the artificial reservoirs impounded by these dams are major sources of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere and relevant to global budget of green house gases. However, limited information is available on the seasonal variations of CO2 evasion from the reservoirs located in the temperate monsoon regions including Korea. The objectives of this study were to estimate daily Net Atmospheric Flux (NAF) of CO2 in Daecheong Reservoir located in Geum River basin of Korea, and analyze the influencing parameters that characterize the variation of NAF. Daily pH and alkalinity (Alk) data collected in wet year (2012) and dry year (2013) were used for estimating the NAFs in the reservoir. The dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) was computed using the pH and Alk measurements supposing an equilibrium state among the carbonate species. The results showed seasonal variations of NAF; negative NAFs from May to October when the primary production of the reservoir increased with water temperature increase, while positive NAF for the rest of the period. Overall the reservoir acted as sources of CO2 to the atmosphere. The estimated NAFs were 2,590 and 771 mg CO2 m-2d-1 in 2012 and 2013, respectively, indicating that the NAFs vary a large extent for different hydrological years. Statistical analysis indicated that the NAFs are negatively correlated to pH, water temperature, and Chl-a concentration of the reservoir.