• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.410-425
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• 2001

This study was designed to assess the waste management practices, source-reduction programs and related tasks in elementary school foodservice in Seoul. and Kyonggi Province Areas. A questionnaire mailed to 910 school foodservice managers in Seoul and Kyonggi province: a 202% (N=184) response rate was obtained. About 83.7% of school foodservice managers were responsible for managing solid waste. Most foodservice operations take the responsibility of food waste but not packaging wastes. The average disposal cost per month per person was about 19 won and income was about 35 won. Leftovers were mainly disposed with platewaste. Platewaste was reused for the livestook feed(68.0%), and some platewaste was composted(11.6%). Source reduction programs implemented in half of school foodservice operations were adjustment of portion size', checking the plate waste', 'working with classroom teachers on waste reduction campaign', 'providing information leaflet on food waste minimization', posting education materials, 'classroom instruction about food waste minimization', and 'improving cooking method. According to factor analysis based on importance rating. slid waste management activities of elementary school foodservice operations were divided to 7 dimensions such as communication and cooperation with others', 'employee training', 'product quality control, 'yield control', plate waste control', 'purchasing', and 'public relations'. As a result of Important-Performance Analysis(IPA), sine dimensions such as 'communication and cooperation with others' and 'plate waste control were identified in Focus Here' quardrant area which need more enhanced performance.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.16 no.12 s.117
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• pp.1185-1191
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• 2006

The radiated noise of the excavator is composed of the various noise sources such as the diesel engine, cooling fan and hydraulic system, so the noise reduction for each noise source is required. In this study, the source contribution analysis for these principal noise sources is performed by using the noise source removal method. And to reduce the noise due to each one, the various experiments and analyses are studied. On the basis of these results, the proper noise reduction countermeasures are derived to develop the excavator satisfied the $2^{nd}$ noise regulation of EU.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers B
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• v.55 no.8
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• pp.389-395
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• 2006

In the single-phase switched reluctance motor (SRM) drive, the required DC source is generally supplied by the circuit consisting of bridge rectifier with diodes and many filter capacitances connected with AC source. Although the peak torque ripple of SRM is small because of large capacity of the capacitance, the charge and discharge time swhich the AC source acts on the capacitance are small and the peak current will pass on the side of source, so power factor and system efficiency decrease. Therefore a novel SRM drive system is presented in this paper, which includes drive circuit realizing reduction of torque ripple and improvement of power factor and switching topology. The proposed drive circuit consists of one switching part and diodes which can separate the output of AC/DC rectifier from the large capacitance and supply power to SRM alternately in order to realize reduction of torque ripple and improvement of power factor through the turn on and turn off of switching part. In addition, the validity of method is tested by simulation and experiment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.54 no.10
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• pp.3803-3810
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• 2022

OpenMC is a community-driven open-source Monte Carlo neutron and photon transport simulation code. The Weight Window Mesh (WWM) function and an automatic Global Variance Reduction (GVR) method was recently developed and implemented in a developmental branch of OpenMC. This WWM function and GVR method broaden OpenMC's usage in general purposes deep penetration shielding calculations. However, the Local Variance Reduction (LVR) method, which suits the source-detector problem, is still missing in OpenMC. In this work, the Weight Window Generator (WWG) function has been developed and benchmarked for the same branch. This WWG function allows OpenMC to generate the WWM for the source-detector problem on its own. Single-material cases with varying shielding and sources were used to benchmark the WWG function and investigate how to set up the particle histories utilized in WWG-run and WWM-run. Results show that there is a maximum improvement of WWM generated by WWG. Based on the above results, instructions on determining the particle histories utilized in WWG-run and WWM-run for optimal computation efficiency are given and tested with a few multi-material cases. These benchmarks demonstrate the ability of the OpenMC WWG function and the above instructions for the source-detector problem. This developmental branch will be released and merged into the main distribution in the future.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.1127-1140
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• 1997

With the study for identifying the transmission characteristics of vibration and noise generated by operating engine system of a vehicle, recently many engineers have studied actively the reduction of vibration and noise inducing uncomfortableness to the passenger. In this study, output noise was analyzed by multi-dimensional spectral analysis and vector synthesis method. The multi-dimensional analysis method is very effective in case of identification of primary source, but this method has little effect on suggestion for interior noised reduction. For compensation of this, vector synthesis method was used to obtain effective method for interior noise reduction, after identifying primary source for output noise. In this paper, partial coherence function of each input was calculated to know which input was most coherent to output noise, then with simulation of changes for input magnitude and phase by vector synthesis diagram, the trends of synthesized output vector was obtained. As a result, the change of synthesized output vector could be estimated.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.1-8
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• 2012

This study is to assess the reduction of non-point source pollution loads for rice straw surface covering of upland crop cultivation at a watershed scale. For Byulmi-cheon watershed ($1.21km^2$) located in the upstream of Gyeongancheon, the HSPF (Hydrological Simulation Program-Fortran), a physically based distributed hydrological model was applied. Before evaluation, the model was calibrated and validated using 9 rainfall events. The Nash-Sutcliffe model efficiency (NSE) for streamflow was 0.62~0.78 and the NSE for water quality (Sediment, T-N, and T-P) were 0.68, 0.60, and 0.58 respectively. From the field experiment of 16 rainfall events, the rice straw covering reduced surface runoff average 10 % compared to normal surface condition. By handling infiltration parameter (INFILT) in the model, the value of 16.0 mm/hr was found to reduce about 10 % reduction of surface runoff. For this condition, the reduction effect of Sediment, T-N, and T-P loads were 87.2, 28.5, and 85.1 % respectively. The rice straw surface covering was effective for removing surface runoff dependent loads such as Sediment and T-P.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2009.04a
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• pp.194-202
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• 2009

The paper deals with the countermeasure against structure-borne noise source and noise reduction of drainage pipes. Recently, the problem the problem of the toilet drain noise of an apartment house has been become the center of public interest and a target of public grievance. Generally, the drain noise of a toilet in the apartment house has a pink noise characteristics below 2 kHz level, and therefore, the structure-borne noise has a great effect on the entire drain noise. In order to measure the transmission loss for various kinds of pipes such as PVC pipes, cast-iron pipes and newly developed AS pipes, experimental setup containing speakers as a sound source was designed and manufactured. The second-stories measurement room with a small size anechoic chamber was constructed and the noise level for different kinds of drainage pipes was measured by the sound level meter. Through the experimental research in the study, noise reduction capacity for various kinds of drainage pipes and countermeasures against structure-borne noise source are demonstrated.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.1222-1230
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• 2009

A theoretical model was developed to compute the effect of a bubble layer in reducing the radiation noise generated by a force applied on an infinite flat plate considering the noise of multi-bubbles. Using the model, the effectiveness of a bubble layer in reducing the structure-borne noise of the plate was evaluated to consider various parameters such as the source noise levels, the thickness of bubble layers, the volume fractions and the frequency characteristics of bubbly fluids. Considering the noise of multi-bubbles, the actual reduction effect of radiation noise using a bubble layer was expected in cases of high source levels, high volume fractions of bubbles and large thickness of the bubble layer above the resonance frequency of the bubble layer. Accordingly, it is recommended that the thickness of a bubble layer, the source noise level and the characteristics of bubbly fluids should be optimized cautiously to maximize noise reduction effects.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 1999

SRB(Sulfate Reducing Bacteria) converts sulfate into sulfide using an organic carbon source as the electron donor. The sulfide formed precipitates the various metals present in the AMD (Acid Mine Drainage). This study is the fundamental research on heavy metal removal from AMD using SRB. Two completely mixed anaerobic reactors were operated for cultivation of SRB at the temperature of $30^{\circ}C$ and anaerobic batch reactors were used to evaluate the effects of carbon source, COD/sulfate($SO_4^=$) ratio and alkalinity on sulfate reduction rate and heavy metal removal efficiency. AMD used in this study was characterized by low pH 3.0 and 1000mg/l of sulfate and dissolved high concentration of heavy metals such as iron, cadmium, copper, zinc and lead. It was found that glucose was an organic carbon source better than acetate as the electron donor of SRB for sulfate reduction in AMD. Amount of sulfate reduction maximized at the COD(glucose)/sulfate ratio of 0.5 in the influent and then removal efficiencies of heavy metals were 97.5% of Cu, 100% of Pb, 100% of Cr, 49% of Mn, 98% of Zn, 100% Cd and 92.4% of Fe. Although sulfate reduction results in an increase in the alkalinity of the reactor, alkalinity of 1000mg/1 (as $CaCo_3$) should be should be added continuously to the anaerobic reactor in order to remove heavy metals from AMD.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.597-604
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• 2000

Low noise of air-conditioners is one of the most important issues because of the users' strong demand. The main source of noise in an air-conditioner is the compressor. Therefore, noise reduction in a compressor is quite significant as an element technology in the air-conditioner field. Recently, scroll compressors are widely used, because they feature low noise, due to less pulsation of gas pressure, than that of rotary compressors. For reduction of noise, the source of noise must be identified. This paper presents a detailed analysis to identify the noise source and shows the dominant factors of noise of the scroll compressor, which will make it possible to design a scroll compressor with low noise.