• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-48
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• 1992

This experiment was carrid out to determine the effect of cutting height and nitrogen level on dead stubble, tiller and branch new shoot dry matter yield and total dry matter of sorghum-sudangrass hybrid{Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench}.The main treatment was four cutting height(5cm, IOcm, 15cm, 20cm), and the sub treatment was three nitrogen level(l50kg, 250kg, 350kglha).The experiment was performed at the Collage of Natural Science of Kon-Kuk University at Chungju in 1988. 1. Plant length tends to increase in the high cutting height and high N level. Especially, the difference of plant height was significant in warm season. 2. The number of dead stubble after cutting was significantly(P

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.315-322
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to investigate the selection of regional double cropping system for production of organic forage in southern region of Korea. The species of forage crop used in this experiment were com, sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid and japanese millet for summer crops and rye and Italian. ryegrass for winter crops. In organic cultivation condition, sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid showed higher DM (dry matter) and TDN (total digestible nutrient) yield than that of com. Dry matter yield of com which cultivated in organic condition decreased to about 35% that of control because of weed. In winter crops, DM and TDN yield of rye is similar to that of Italian ryegrass. We could not find out the difference of nutrient value between each treatments. It means that the amount of nutrient is affected by DM productivity of each crop. The result of this study indicated that sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid (summer crop) and rye (winter crop), sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid (summer crop) and Italian ryegrass (winter crop) cropping system could be recommended as producing high yield of organic forage in southern region of Korea.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.335-340
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• 2004

This experiment was conducted to compare the dry matter yields and feed values of summer forage crops such as two cultivars of Maize, two cultivars of Sorghum hybrid and one Japanese millet at the Dae-Ho reclaimed tideland, Korea from 2002 to 2003. Seasonal changes of soil salt content maintained somewhat low at early stage and increased at growing stage and then decreased at harvest time. The dry matter yield was 6,102, 4,557 and 2,928 kg/ha, respectively, for Japanese millet Sorghum hybrid and Maize. The highest Crude protein(CP) content was recorded in sorghum hybrid. Neutral detergent fiber.(NDF) and acid detergent fiber(ADF) contents were highest in Japanese millet following Sorghum hybrid and Maize in turn. The highest sodium content in plant tissue was recorded in Japanese millet. These results suggest that Japanese millet is the most suitable summer forage crops for cultivation on reclaimed tideland in view of the good emergence and forage production.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.233-238
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted from 2002 to 2004 at paddy field of National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Suwon to investigate the select the promising double cropping system on growth, yield and nutritive value of summer forage(silage corn, sorghum$\times$ sudangrass hybrid, japanese millet, jobs tear, rice) and winter forage(rye, barley, Italian ryegass) and also to determine the best double cropping system necessary to maximize the total forage yield of winter forages plus summer forage crops. Among agronomic characteristics, lodging tolerance appeared to be highest in the summer forage crop including silage corn, jobs tear and rice compared to other forage crops. And lodging tolerance appeared to be highest in the winter forage crop including barley compared to rye and Italian ryegrass. The highest dry matter yield of 27,766 kg/ha, 27,296 kg/ha and 25,365 kg/ha obtained from an whole crop barley+sorghum$\times$ sudangrass hybrid, rye+sorghum$\times$ sudangrass hybrid and Italian ryegrass+sorghum$\times$sudangrass hybrid double cropping sequence in combination among the fifteen cropping systems((P<0.05). And dry matter yield of barley+silage corn and rye+silage com were 23,766 and 23,572 kg/ha.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.58 no.1
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• pp.71-77
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• 2013

The world demand of renewable bioenergy as an alternative transportation fuel is greatly increasing. Research for bioethanol production is currently being progressed intensively throughout the world. Therefore it will be necessary to develop bioethanol production with cellulosic materials. In this study, the yield of ethanol production was evaluated by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) using sodium hydroxide pretreated sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrids. Composition analysis of 11 varieties of sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrids was performed for selection of excellent variety to efficiently produce bioethanol. The content of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and ash of these varieties were 32~39%, 19~24%, 17~22% and 6~11%, respectively. Among these varieties, 4 varieties of sorghum ${\times}$ sudangrass hybrids were selected for the evaluation of ethanol yield and those were pretreated with 1 M NaOH solution at $150^{\circ}C$ for 30 min using high temperature explosion system. After pretreatment, samples were neutralized with tap water. It contained 52~57% of cellulose. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) was carried out for 48 h at $33^{\circ}C$ by Saccharomyces cerevisiae CHY1011 using Green star variety. The yield of ethanol was 92.4% and the amount of ethanol production was estimated at 6206 L/ha.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.300-304
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• 1991

Several experiments were conducted to elucidate a possibility of sweet sorghum, sugar beet and sugar cane as the resources of bio-energy which were collected from Philipine, India, Japan and Gene -bank in Korea. The experiments were carried out in Chinju, Korea from 1986 to 1988. When sweet sorghum cultivars were taken from 70 to 118 days after sowing on May 20, 1988 upto heading stage, the sugar content of stem was 6 to 14% and yielded 4 to 10ton per l0a in terms of the total fresh weight of plant. Sugar beet root contained 9.2 to 19.8% in sugar producting 3,542 to 6. 397kg per l0a. Meanwhile. the sugar content in stem of sugar cane was 15.2 to 16.7% and final growth the late October in this particular region. Particularly, F1 hybrid cultivar(s-l) of sweet sorghum could be harvested twice in a year. The alcohol quantity obtained from the juice of sweet sorghum was 180$\ell$ per l0a and was increased as sowing date was earlier. The results suggested that it would be possible to utilize the sugar crops as bio-energy resources using improved cultural methods and effective fermentation techniques.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.198-204
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• 2021

Intercropping cereals with legumes is known to improve forage production and crude protein yield. Sorghum × sudangrass hybrids (SSH) have excellent dry matter content and high cultivation temperatures. In this study, we investigated the growth characteristics, forage productivity, and feed value of intercropping SSH with different legumes in rice paddy fields. We used five treatments in this study SSH monocropping and four intercropping treatments of SSH with, lablab, cowpea, sesbania, and two cultivars of soybean (Chookdu 1 and 2). SSH plant height was not significantly different between the monocropping and intercropping treatments. However, the plant heights of lablab, cowpea, and sesbania were significantly higher than those of the two soybean cultivars. The total dry matter yield (kg/ha) was significantly higher in SSH monocropping than in intercropping; among the intercropping treatments, the one with SSH and Chookdu 2 yielded the highest total dry matter yield. The SSH feed value was significantly different between the monocropping and intercropping treatments, although there were no differences between the intercropping treatments. Among the intercropped legumes, lablab showed the highest neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber contents, and cowpea had the highest crude protein content. These results reveal that intercropping SSH with legumes in paddy fields could be a promising cultivation technique to maintain stable forage productivity.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.155-166
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• 2014

Organic forage production system is one of the most important aspects in organic livestock production. Animals in the organic farming system are also essential for manure to be used for organic forage production. Both organic forage and animals are essential to maintain the cycle of organic agriculture system. In this paper we introduce the organic forage production system in Korea. Summer and winter crops are getting popular in Korea because of their high forage yield and cultivation in double cropping systems. Common cropping system for forage production in Korea is the double cropping system with legume and grass mixture. Forage sorghum and sudangrass are the most popular ones of annual summer forage corps because of their high production with low cost in the double cropping systems. In the mixture of forage crops, inter cropping is more suitable in the corn and sorghum cropping system because of high lodging resistance and forage yield, and low weed population. Forage sorghum and sudangrass are difficult to preserve as direct-cut silage due to the fact that its high moisture content causes excessive fermentation during ensiling. Corn grain addition to sorghum silage could be recommended as the most effective treatment for increasing quality and reducing production cost. It is recommended that corn grain could be added up to 10% of total amount of silage. And agriculture by-products also can be added at the time of ensiling to minimize losses of effluent and have the additional advantage of increasing quality. Agriculture by-products as silage supplements increased DM content and quality, and decreased the production cost of sorghum silage. Field pre-wilting treatment of forage crops also increased DM content and quality of the silage. Wilting sorghum${\times}$sudangrass hybrid before ensiling was the effective method for reducing effluent and increasing pH and forage quality more than direct cut silage. Optimum prewilting period of sudangrass silage was 1 or 2 days. In organic forage, the most important factor is the enhancement of organic forage sufficiency in relation to the environmental-friendly and organic livestock. Consequently, there are many possibilities for animal production and organic forage production in Korea. No forages no cattle concept should be emphasized in organic farming system.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.68-75
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• 1991

A series of tests was carried out to determine the purity and germination of pasture plant and forage crop seeds imported in 1986 and 1987 at the grassland and forage laboratory, College of Agriculture, Seoul National University, Suweon. At the same time, the results obtained were compared with the National Livestook Cooperatives Federation(NLCF1's seed standards as a guide for determining seed quality. 1. The germination percentages of Potomac orchardgrass, Fawn tall fescue, Aquila Ky bluegrass and California ladino clover among grasses and legumes tested were lower than those of the N1,CF's standards, but the germination percentages of forage crops were higher than those of the NLCF's standards. 2. The purity of Potomac orchardgrass and Aquila Ky bluegrass were relatively lower than those of the NLCF's standards. 3. The percentages of other crop seeds in Potomac orchardgrass, Fawn tall fescue, Aquila Ky bluegrass and Cayuse oats were lower than those of the NLCF's standards. 4. Percentage of inert matter in the seeds was lower compared with the NLCF's standards except Akela ' forage rape. 5. The seeds of Potomac orchardgrass, NK 367 sorghum hybrid and sorghum x sudangrass hybrids such as NC+855, G83F and TE Haygrazer were contaminated with one or more weed seeds. Rumex spp. was by far the most common weed in the seeds imported. The other weeds occurred at a low level were Rumex acestosella, Senecio jacobaea, Cirsium arvense and Cuscicta spp. 6. There were many variations in 1,000 seed weight among different species. A thousand seed weight of Aquila Ky bluegrass was 0.263g, but that of Tetrone Italian ryegrass, Akela forage rape and Pioneer 3160 sorghum x sudangrass hybrid was 3.875, 3.476 and 242.4578, respectively. 7. According to the fluorescence test of ryegrass seed, Tetrone Italian ryegrass was known as a true annual type, but an unknown cultivar produced in Cheju was contaminated with 6% of perennial ryegrass seed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.60-64
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• 1986

To determine the effects of soil moisture on diurnal changes of photosynthesis, transpiration and stomatal resistance, sorghum and soghum-sudangrass hybrid were grown at large concrete pots maintained at 100, 80, 60 and 40% of field moisture capacity. Photosynthesis were measured from a.m. 6 to p.m. 6 on a fine day. 1. Photosynthesis and transpiration reacted similarly to water stress and environmental factors, and they reached at their maximum points from noon to 2 p.m. and decreased sharply after 4 p.m. 2. Photosynthesis and transpiration of sorghum were higher at 60% field moisture capacity than those of the other field moisture capacities. In sorghum-sudangrass hybrid, photosynthesis was in the order of 60>80>40>100% and transpiration was in the order of 60>80>100>40%. 3. Stomatal resistance did not show clear diurnal change and was the lowest at 60% among four field moisture capacities.