• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.5-7
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to evaluate tyrosinase inhibitory activity of plant for extracts for cosmetic use. When 80 plant extracts were tested, the methanol extracts of Allium thunbergi, Asparagus oligoclonos, Ixeris dentate, Salvia plebeia, Sophora flavescens and Sophora japonica showed more than 30% inhibition of mushroom tyrosinase activity at 100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL. Although less active than the reference compound, kojic acid ($IC_{50}$=7.0-16.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL), these plant extracts may be used as tyrosinase inhibitors in cosmetics.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.25-29
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• 2013

Objectives : The dried root of Sophora flavescens Aiton have been used to treat patient with skin diseases such as eczema in Eastern countries. S. flavescens can clear away heat and dry dampness and purge sthenic-fire from the liver and gallbladder. Recently, anti-allergic effect of S. flavescens has been reported. However, the effect on skin condition of contact dermatitis still remains unknown. Thus, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of S. flavescens on contact dermatitis. Methods : In order to investigate the effects of S. flavescens (methanol extract of S. flavescens, MESR) on skin condition, the contact dermatitis was induced in mice skin by using 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB). As the effective endpoints, skin thickness, skin weight, histopathological change were checked. In addition, effects on skin lesion, body weight and spleen/body weight ratio were also investigated. Results : Topical application of MESR ($500{\mu}g/day$) lowered skin thickness (P < 0.05) and skin weight (P < 0.05), respectively. MESR-treated group showed diminished spongiosis and immune cell infiltration in skin tissues compared to those of non-treated control group. The inhibition of skin lesions was also observed in MESR-treated group. In addition, MESR did not affect body weight gain and spleen/body weight ratio in contrast with those in dexamethasone-treated group. Conclusion : These data suggest that Sophorae Radix could improve skin lesion of contact dermatitis. This indicates the possibility for Sophorae Radix to be used to patients with skin diseases such as contact dermatitis.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.276-281
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• 2011

Oxidative stress or the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leads neuronal cellular death and dysfunction, and it contributes to neuronal degenerative disease such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and stroke. Glutamate-induced oxidative injury contributes to neuronal degeneration in many central nervous system (CNS) diseases, such as epilepsy and ischemia. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) enzyme plays an important role of cellular antioxidant system against oxidant injury. The expression of HO-1 has cytoprotective effects in glutamate-induced oxidative cytotoxicity in HT22 cells. The induction of HO-1 is primarily regulated at the transcriptional level, and its induction by various inducers is related to the nuclear transcription factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Nrf2 is a master regulator of the antioxidant response. NNMBS008, the water-insoluble fraction of the 70% EtOH extract of roots of Sophora flavescens, showed dominant neuroprotective effects on glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells by induced the expression of HO-1 and increased HO activity. In mouse hippocampal HT22 cells, NNMBS008 makes the nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 pathway. In conclusion, the waterinsoluble fraction of the 70% EtOH extract of roots of S. flavescens (NNMBS008) significantly protect glutamate-induced oxidative damage by induction of HO-1 via Nrf2 pathway in mouse hippocampal HT22 cells. These results suggest that these extracts could be the effective candidates for the treatment of ROS-related neurological diseases.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.255-263
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• 2015

Promoting the organic farming, much of the plant extracts used for controlling pests and fungi have been imported from China, India and Myanmar. But, it is so worrisome that aquatic animals such as muddy loach inhabiting in paddy field and common carps in river exposed to the pests and fungi likely be harmed. This study was conducted in order to evaluate the risks of aquatic animals influenced by the three plant extracts, i.e. Sophora flavescens, Azadirachta indica and Derris elliptica. The toxicities of common carp (Cyprinus Carpio), muddy loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) and PEC (Predicted environmental concentration) exposed to the three plant extracts were estimated by the typical spray volume method. Risks were determined by the toxicity value as 48-hr $LC_{50}$ (Lethal concentration, median) or NOEC (No observed effect concentration) into PEC. 48-hr $LC_{50}$ of Common carp and NOEC by Sophora flavescens extracts was 7.9 and 6.2 mg/L, 26.8 and 21.8 mg/L by Azadirachta indica extracts and 47.0 and < 24.0 mg/L by Derris elliptica extracts, respectively. 48-hr $LC_{50}$ of Muddy loach and NOEC by Sophora flavescens extracts was 16.9 and 10.0 mg/L, 35.6 and 30.0 mg/L by Azadirachta indica extracts, and 73.9 and < 40 mg/L by Derris elliptica extracts, respectively. Therefore, acute toxicities of the three plant extracts for aquatic animals were proved to be very low level. PEC of Sophora flavescens extracts in paddy, drainage and river water was 68.0~3.0, 11.33~0.50 and 3.0~0.0018 mg/L, respectively. TER of Sophora flavescens extracts in the three water was 0.2~5.6, 1.5~33.8 and 2.6~4388.9, respectively. PEC of Azadirachta indica extracts in paddy, drainage and river water was 90.9~1.2, 15.2~0.2 and 4.8~0.00075 mg/L, respectively. TER of Azadirachta indica extracts in the three water was 0.4~29.7, 2.3~178.0 and 4.5~35733.3, respectively. PEC of Derris elliptica extracts in river water was 0.0063 mg/L. TER of Derris elliptica extracts in river water was 5222~15667.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.89-94
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• 1998

Propionibacterium acnes is the pharmacological target site of antiacne drugs. We have examined the antiacne activity of ninety seven natural products which have been used as Korean traditional medicines in various skin disorders. The antibacterial activity of extracts from the natural products were evaluated against P. acnes ATCC 9616 by disc method. Twelve natural products showed the potent antibacterial activity against P. acnes, and were, selected for the minimal inhibitory concentration(MC) against P. acnes. MICs of nine extracts were below 0.3% (w/v) and Sophora flavescens showed the most potent activity with a MIC of less than 0.008%(w/v) against P. acnes. Thus, the results suggest that nine natural products including S. flavescens can be developed as sources of promising potent antiacne agents.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1791-1793
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• 2012

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.274-278
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• 2008

Two known lavandulylated flavanones, leachianone A (1) and sophoroaflavanone G (2), were isolated from the roots of S. flavascens Ait. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of IR, 1D and 2D NMR in addition to direct comparison with authentic compounds. However, leachianone A (1) and sophoroflavanone G (2) did not have growth inhibition activity against any microorganisms (MIC, >200 ${\mu}g/ml$).

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.2287-2290
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• 2008

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.421-425
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• 2000

HPLC method was applied to the quantitative analysis of lupine alkaloid, matrine from alkaloid fraction of Sophorae Radix (Sophora flavescens). The average content of matrine from 20 Sophorae Radices showed $0.13{\pm}0.06%$.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.15-19
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• 2002

In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate subfraction of Sophora flavescens Ait.(EASS) on cancer cells using MTT quantitative analysis. The EASS was cytotoxicity from the concentration of 6.25 g/ml to KB, B16, HeLa, and MCF-7 cancer cells and the cytotoxicity was significant, (p < 005) increased as the concentrations of EASS were increased, (12.5, 25, 50, 100 g/ml). The IC for KB, B16, HeLa, and MCF-7 were 56.58, 65.43, 83.95, and 106.65 g/ml, respectively. Conclusively, the EASS inhabited the growth of cancer cells and the order of potency of cytotoxicity was KB > B16 > HeLa > MCF-7.