• 복식
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• 제50권7호
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• pp.15-31
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• 2000

1. After the Chu Dynasty(周代), we can confirm the fish shape mark made of stones as the relics of the Chunkuk dynasty(戰國時代). In the Shu Dynasty(隋代), the system of bamboo and the rabbit shape mark made of silver into the fish shape mark. As it were, made of bamboo or siltier changed into the fish shape mark made of jade, gold, silver or wood. 2. In the Dang Dynasty(唐代), the used the fish shape credit mark made of jade, gold, silver, copper or textile, according to their classes. According to one's posit the man who wore purple, red coat, credit mark made a gold and silver. attached with putting them in fish bags. 3. In the Ryo Dynasty(遼代), there was also a system of attaching marks. The emperor was hanging the fish shape and the officials attached the double fish shape to the common dress. fish shape of jade. gold, amber, agate, silver or copper. without any fish bag. 4. The Song Dynasty(宋代) followed the system of the Dang Dynasty they used only the fish shape bags without marks in them. Hanging the fish shape bags made of gold and silver at the back side of the belt. 5. The Gin Dynasty(金代) carried out the system of made jade, gold or silver like the Dang, Song and Ryo Dynasty. In the Sejong Kingdom a system of paper card was carried out as the credit mark of the eighth and the ninth grade. 6. In the Ming Dynasty(明代), the military official general attached the golden, silver, ivory of jade, wood and copper cards with their positions and names. 7. Following the Dang Dynasty, Japan made of fish shape bags to their clothes. Colors of their fish shape marks were same as their clothes. They made the marks, such as crystal, cow's horn, lead and nickel and plated them with gold or silver. 8. In Korea, Pohai(발해) established the fish shape credit mark differed in material. gold, silver or copper according to their positions. We can confirm the Unified Silla(南國;統一新羅), carried out the system of attaching the fish shape in Chonma Chong(천마총), Golden Crown Chong(金冠塚), the King's 13-17 belt ring unearthed at the north part of Court South threat Chong(황남대총), the fish shape golden or silver, to their purple or red ceremonial coats. In the Koryo Dynasty(高麗), like the Dang, Song and Pohai, they attached the fish shape golden or silver marks, to their purple or red ceremonial coats.

• 복식
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• 제35권
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• pp.67-89
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• 1997

During thousands of years the people of china have not only created the brilliant cul-ture with a world reputation but also brought about an abundant treasury of paramountly beautiful hairdo fashions beyond comparison. Hair styles are an important symbol of the ma-terial and cultural civilization of a certain his-torical period. In Dang Dynasty the country was unified the economy was properous and the political situation was relatively stable. These spelt the solid foundation on which the rich and colourful varieties in the hair styles of women emerged. The numerous hair fashions in Tang Dynasty woman folk could be summed up into three catagories-high bun hanging bun and flat bun. Of course like the garments hair fashions are also the marks for the social status of the women in the feudal society. The hairstyle of the women of the Song Dynasty still followed the fashion of the later period of the Tang Dynasty the high bun be-ing the favoured style. To dress this type of high bun switches were generally used sometimes fashioned in to switch buns of various shapes coiled directly on top of the head. Women from rich families however usually had hairpins and combs made into the shape of flowers birds phoenixes of butterflies to be pinned on top of the buns.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.51-54
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• 2009

While we study the book "Somun(素問)", we have to take Wangbing(王冰) Note as reference, which has to be understood by later generation on reading the book Sin-gyojeong(新校正) of Imeok(林億) from Song dynasty. At the final period of Edo in Japan, the famous Han medical expert, Yamada(山田) Gyoukou(業廣) sought a complete new way to compile a book named "Somunchajujipso(素問次注集疏)", a notes and commentaries work combined the original text of "Somun(素問)", Wangbing(王冰) Note and Sin-gyojeong(新校正) by taking the reference of generations medical books and notes both China and Japan. There have been many books to give notes on "Somun(素問)" in many generations, but less of them giving notes to the original text, but to Wangbing Note a little bit at most. In "Somunchajujipso", textual research and notes are given as a special example to the forward, original text and explanation part of "Somun", Song dynasty edition. Especially the detail explanation to the forward part of Imeok(林億), no one has done better than Gyoukou(業廣) until now. It sufficiently shows Gyoukou's(業廣) enriched knowledge accumulated by years hard research in Confucian classics, history and medical books, which enable it a worthy reference statement. The issued of the book "Somunchajujipso(素問次注集疏)" expands a new area for the research of "Somun" and present new research improvement of "Somun" in Japan.

• 복식
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.87-99
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the purchase behavior of fashion merchandise and purchase evaluative criteria in regard to apparel type of Chinese women consumers, and to provide effective basic data for push into the Chinese market. The subject used for the study were 20-40 aged women living in china. 848 data were analyzed factor analysis, one-way ANOVA. t-test and correlation with SPSS package. The results of this study were as follows. 1. As the purchase behavior of fashion merchandise of Chinese women consumers were found out four groups of factors that were named "pursuit mass media", "pursuit fashion", "pursuit brand", and "pursuit price". 2. Chinese women consumers bought fashion merchandise with evaluating three groups of factors that were "for functional", "for aesthetic" and "for external". 3. The purchase behavior of fashion merchandise of Chinese women consumers was correlated with purchase evaluative criteria.nese women consumers was correlated with purchase evaluative criteria.

• 한국농촌생활과학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.93-110
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• 1997

The customs of women s riding horse was prevalent in thriving period. The face toilet was mainly used by Gau Chang pattern. Wha Jun (chinen; Hwa-Qun(화전), make-up on forehead), was influenced nearly by Gua Chang and distantly by India. Penciling eyebrows with blue was transmitted from persia. Chinese cosmetics was most influenced during Tang Dynasty for it's colorful make-up and facial decorations such as Aek-Whang(액황), Wha-Jung(화전), Jang-Yob(장엽), Swa-Hong(사홍) and those made many Dynasty, since those kinds of styles were the result of mixture between traditional chinese and western styles, it became so unique and diverse. The Declining period of the Tang Dynasty has begun from the turning point, resulting from Rebellion of An Ru Sha'. Rebellion of An Ru Sha' made the chinese people have a sense of precaution, and an antipathy against babarian. Furthermore, the power of Tang Dynasty onto the countries bordering on western china unfortunately was declining due to the defeat at 99 the Talas war in 751. As the fashion of ‘Ho’ disappeared the costume pattern was restored to the traditional Chinese style of large sleeve and broad width. However, the Tibetan mode was appeared in women's hair style and face toilet since Yuan Ha (801-812). In Song Dynasty, women's make-up and adorment were originated from Dang Dynasty, but those were more simple than in Dang Dynasty.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.1109-1114
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• 2016

H3N2 canine influenza virus emerged in South Korea in 2007 and subsequently spread to China and Thailand, causing epidemic or endemic respiratory diseases in dogs. Through intermammalian species transmission, the virus has also infected cats. However, no direct evidence of significant genetic evolution has been reported since its first emergence. Here, we describe in depth the genetic and molecular characteristics of the ancestral strain (i.e., the first virus isolate from South Korea) of the H3N2 canine influenza virus currently circulating in East Asia.

• 영어영문학
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.579-597
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• 2008

This article discusses David Henry Hwang's M. Butterfly as a suggestive text for examining Western masculinity in crisis in the post-imperialist age, in which territorial imperialism is no longer valid. Previous scholarship on M. Butterfly has centered around the interlocking dynamics of imperialism, racism and sexism. Such critical attentions focus on how Hwang deconstructs racialized significations of the East and the West. In these discussions, the issue of gender is often addressed merely as a trope to represent the power relations between the East and the West. As such, gender as well as sexuality is highlighted as the very source of subversion of the power relations. My discussion departs from a critique of the gendered trope of the East and the West, highlighting a postmodern agent, the allegedly feminized character Song Lining: a Chinese actor who passes for a woman for political purposes in postcolonial China. Remaining an "inappropriate/d other" in the gendered imperialist discourse, Song becomes an emergent subject, who is capable of playing gender ambiguity for reclaiming a devalued identity, that of homosexual Asian man. Discussing how the central character Rene Gallimard's masculine identity is constructed in a cross-cultural space and how it evolves, I also argue that Gallimard's melancholic death signifies a historical unsustainability of imperialist masculinity in the postmodern/postcolonial age since World War II.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권9호
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• pp.1133-1138
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• 2006

천연 항산화제 개발 연구의 일환으로 국내에서 민간약재로 사용되고 있는 청미래덩굴 뿌리의 항산화활성을 조사하였다. 건조된 청미래덩굴 뿌리를 물 및 25% 에탄올로 추출하여 얻어진 추출물을 연구시료로 사용하였다. 추출물의 얻어진 양은 건조시료 1.0 g에서 69.3 mg, 87.9 mg이 각각 얻어졌다. 추출액 1 mL를 동결건조하였을 때 얻어진 양은 23.1 mg과 29.0 mg이었다. 두 추출물의 총페놀함량은 비교적 높았으며, 건조시료 1.0 g당 약 36 mg으로 추출물간 유의적인 차이는 없었다. DPPH 라디칼 형성을 50%로 낮추는데 요구되는 추출물의 농도$(SC_{50})$는 물 추출물이 $12.1{\mu}L$, 에탄올 추출물이 $6.3{\mu}L$로 에탄올 추출물이 유의적으로 높은 DPPH 소거활성을 보였다. NO 라디칼 소거에 대한 두 추출물의 활성은 $50{\mu}L$에서 물 추출물이 약 75%, 에탄올 추출물이 88%로 에탄올 추출물이 유의적으로 높은 활성을 보였다(p<0.05). 두 추출물의 pH를 달리한 조건에서 $NO_2$ 소거활성을 조사한 결과, pH가 낮을수록 $NO_2$의 소거활성이 더 높았다. 동일농도 1 mL의 pH 4.2 및 pH 6.0에서는 에탄올 추출물이 유의적으로 높은 활성을 보였다. pH 1.2의 강산 조건에서는 물 추출물과 에탄올 추출물이 유의적인 차이를 보이지는 않았으나, 두 추출물 모두 98% 이상의 높은 $NO_2$ 라디칼 소거활성을 보였다. Vitamin C의 환원력과 비교했을 때, 0.5 mg 농도에서는 두 추출물의 환원력이 vitamin C보다 낮았으나, 0.1 mg 이하에서는 청미래덩굴 뿌리 추출물이 유의적으로 훨씬 더 높은 환원력을 보였다(p<0.01). 청미래덩굴 뿌리 추출물의 tyrosinase 활성 저해효과는 추출물 1 mL에서 물 추출물이 44.6%, 에탄올 추출물이 52.6%로 비교적 높은 저해효과를 보였다. 두 추출물의 총 페놀함량이 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, DPPH 및 NO, $NO_2$ 라디칼의 소거활성 효과, 환원력, tyrosinase 활성 저해효과는 에탄올 추출물에서 유의적으로 높았으므로 청미래덩굴 뿌리의 경우 페놀화합물 외에도 다른 성분들이 항산화에 관여하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2007

중국 동남연해에 거주하고 있는 복건타성 거주민들은 일적부터 배를 건조하여 바다에 나가 고기를 잡았다. 따라서 그들은 풍부한 항해경험을 쌓았으며, 이는 대규모적인 해외무역을 진행할 수 있는 기초를 닦았다. 중국 당나라시기 동남연해에 거주하던 복건타성 거주민들은 생산력의 발전과 더불어 복건타성을 떠나 해외로 진출하여 해외무역에 종사하였다. 송원시기 복건타성의 해외교통이 비약적인 발전을 가져왔으며, 신상(紳商), 선상(船商), 산상(散商), 선원 및 화교상인(華僑商人)들로 구성된 복건타성의 해상들은 빠르고 안전하며, 순조롭게 목적지에 도착할 수 있는 복선(福船)을 이용하여 해외무역에 종사하였다. 복선(福船)은 복건해상(福達海商)들로 하여금 시간을 단축하고 상업기회를 신속하게 잡을 수 있어 무역의 성공률을 높이고 자금이용률을 높였다. 따라서 복선(福船)해상들은 신속한 발전을 가져왔으며, 발자취는 동아시아, 남아시아, 서아시아 및 아프리카 동부지역까지 이르렀다. 본 연구에서는 복건해상(福建海商)의 발생원인과 무역현황 및 해외무역에서 결정적인 역할을 한 복선(福船)에 대하여 논술하려고 한다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.321-330
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• 2018

Concentrations of the atmospheric radon and gaseous pollutants were measured at the Gosan site on Jeju Island from 2010 to 2015, in order to observe their time-series variation characteristics and examine the concentration change related to the airflow transport pathways. Based on the realtime monitoring of the atmospheric radon and gaseous pollutants, the daily mean concentrations of radon ($^{222}Rn$) and gaseous pollutants($SO_2$, CO, $O_3$, $NO_x$) were $2,400mBq\;m^{-3}$ and 1.3, 377.6, 41.1, 3.9 ppb, respectively. On monthly variations of radon, the mean concentration in October was the highest as $3,033mBq\;m^{-3}$, almost twice as that in July ($1,452mBq\;m^{-3}$). The diurnal variation of radon concentration shows bimodal curves at early morning (around 7 a.m.) and near midnight, whereas its lowest concentration was recorded at around 3 p.m. Several gaseous pollutants($SO_2$, CO, $NO_x$) showed a similar seasonal variation with radon concentration as high in winter and low in summer, whereas the $O_3$ concentrations had a bit different seasonal trend. According to the cluster back trajectory analysis, the frequencies of airflow pathways moving from continental North China, East China, Japan and the East Sea, the Korean Peninsula, and North Pacific Ocean routes were 36, 37, 10, 13, and 4%, respectively. When the airflow were moved to Jeju Island from continental China, the concentrations of radon and gaseous pollutants were relatively high. On the other hand, when the airflows were moved from North Pacific Ocean and East Sea, their concentrations were much lower than those from continental China.