• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.154-169
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• 2019

본고는 신안선에서 출수된 소형의 청자과형주자가 주자의 형태를 띄고 있지만, 크기가 작고 형태적인 특성상 일반적인 '주자'의 용도인 다구(茶具), 주구(酒具)로는 기능적으로 그다지 적합하지 않다는 것에 착안하여 용도를 밝히고자 하였다. 따라서 신안선에서 출수된 청자과형소주자를 비롯하여 함께 출수된 소형의 자기제 주자를 대상으로 형태적인 특징을 분석하고 중국과 일본의 출토품, 문헌자료, 회화작품 등에서 용례를 살펴본 결과, 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 첫째, 신안선에서 출수된 소형 청자과형소주자는 생산지와 유적 출토품을 통해 남송대부터 만들어지기 시작하여 원대까지 나타나는 기형임을 알 수 있었다. 또 신안선에서 함께 출수된 소형의 여러 자기제 주자와 비교해볼 때 주구, 뚜껑, 손잡이 등의 형태에서 다소 차이가 난다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 주구, 다구로서 송·원대 다법(茶法)과 당시 술의 종류에 따른 용도를 검토해본 결과, 신안선 출수 청자과형소주자의 형태는 당시의 다법과 술의 종류의 변화와 관련성이 적었으며 다구, 주구로서의 실용성은 낮았을 것으로 보았다. 셋째, 용도에 대해 새로운 관점으로 중국과 일본의 각종 문헌기록, 회화, 출토 유물 자료를 검토해보았다. 그 결과, 송대 이후 문인들의 문방용구 애호와 더불어 연적이 유행하면서 다양한 형태의 연적이 만들어졌다. 또한 송대와 명대의 문헌사료에서 연적의 형태에 대해 과형, 주자 형태 등으로 언급하고 있으며, 명대 회화작품에서 소형 주자가 벼루와 함께 연적으로 추정되는 문방용구로 묘사되고 있다. 또한 일본 중세시대의 회화에서 주로 확인되는 다구, 주구의 기물로는 소형 주자는 보이지 않고 손잡이가 달린 냄비, 탕병(湯甁) 등이 주로 나타난다. 당시 일본 중세시대 가마(窯)에서 제작된 것으로 보이는 기물 중 연적으로 알려진 것도 있었다. 이와 함께 일본의 15세기 화전서(花傳書)에는 책상 위에 놓인 문방용구 중 소형 주자가 보이고 주자에 작은 꽃가지가 꽂힌 모습이 확인되었다. 이에 따라 신안선 출수 소형 청자과형주자가 문방용구인 연적과 함께 화기로도 사용되었을 가능성이 높다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권42호
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• pp.318-346
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• 2017

Currently, security environmental instability is getting worse than ever in the East Asia including to Republic of Korea(ROK). Unlike several conventional issues such as maritime dispute -sometimes with islands- and competitions for getting natural resources, contemporary security dilemma issues followed by arms races among states deepens the power gap between strong and weak state within the region. It is notable that the arms races is the East Asia are mainly focused on naval power. As navy is the very possible force that influences neighboring states, submarine power is usually valued for its nature of stealth, mobile and aggression. Moreover, the submarine power is believed to be one of the highest valued weapon system since it shows actual effectiveness for influencing the other states while avoiding direct military conflicts compared to surface power. As a result, all states within the region are accelerating for getting such power these days. Japan, Most of all, is one of the leading state that aims to ensure self-survival and enlarge military influences under the US-Japan alliance by decisively supporting its power to the American containment strategy against China. In this regard, such movement surely sill influence on ROK both directly and indirectly as we sue the common field, the sea. Though, it has lots of restrictions for us to confront them with military forces as such confrontations within US-led alliances is not desirable upon considering current China and nK threats. As a result, ROK needs to limit the realm of alliance within the region while maintaining ROK-US alliance for getting national interests with both legal and justice superiority against Japan. This paper, as a result, is focused on suggesting the way to utilize submarines as a mean of naval power for both current security environments and the rising maritime threats in the East Asia. I concluded to participate ROK submarines in US-led military strategy against China by dispatching them into the East-China Sea and the North-East area of the Korean peninsula to protect both national interests and justice at the same tome. It should be one of the preemptive measure for confronting with neighboring states by utilizing strategic benefits of submarines while strengthening ROK-US alliances upon participating American Containment Strategy against China.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.421-434
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• 2019

It is of great significance to study the mechanical properties and failure mechanism of the defected rock for geological engineering. The defected sandstone modeling with power-law distribution of pre-cracks was built in this paper by Particle Flow Code software. Then the mechanical properties of sandstone and the corresponding failure process were meticulously analyzed by changing the power-law index (PLI) and the number of pre-cracks (NPC). The results show that (1) With the increase of the PLI, the proportion of prefabricated long cracks gradually decreases. (2) When the NPC is the same, the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of sandstone increases with the PLI; while when the PLI is the same, the UCS decreases with the NPC. (3) The damage model of rock strength is established based on the Mori-Tanaka method, which can be used to better describe the strength evolution of damaged rock. (4) The failure mode of the specimen is closely related to the total length of the pre-crack. As the total length of the pre-crack increases, the failure intensity of the specimen gradually becomes weaker. In addition, for the specimens with the total pre-crack length between 0.2-0.55 m, significant lateral expansion occurred during their failure process. (5) For the specimens with smaller PLI in the pre-peak loading process, the concentration of the force field inside is more serious than that of the specimens with larger PLI.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.9-21
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• 2020

2019년 진행된 광군제의 하루 총 거래액은 약 384억 달러(한화 약 44.6조 원)이며, 하루 동안 5억 명의 이용자가 약 13억 건의 주문을 진행했고, 관련된 택배 물류량이 28억 건에 달했다. 4차 산업 혁명과 함께 주요 기술은 물류 산업에 획기적인 변화를 가져오고 있다. 본 연구는 중국의 광군제 행사에 적용되는 4차 산업혁명의 주요 기술과 중국 스마트 물류의 도입을 검토하고, 광군제의 발전 경과, 의의, 알리바바의 시스템, 미래 발전방향 등의 분석을 통해 시사점을 제시하는 것을 연구의 목적으로 하였다. 중국은 비도심 지역에서 여전히 열악한 인프라 환경을 갖고 있으며, 많은 중국 기업들은 넓은 중국 면적을 커버하기 위하여 스마트 물류를 적극적으로 도입, 발전시키고 있다. 광군제는 4차 산업혁명의 주요 기술과 스마트 물류가 적용되고 있는 대표적 사례이다. 스마트 물류를 통해 확보된 데이터는 재고관리, 생산계획, 주문처리 등에 다시 활용되고 기업의 운영 최적화에 기여한다. 4차 산업혁명 시대에 글로벌 선진기업과의 경쟁력 확보를 위해서 스마트 물류의 도입 확대를 위한 국내 기업과 정부의 노력이 필요하다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.303-315
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• 2022

본 연구는 아세안 시장을 중심으로 코로나19의 창궐로 인해 급격하게 달라진 남성 화장품 시장 중 주요 경쟁국인 일본, 중국과 비교 분석하였다. 한중일에 거주하는 MZ세대 남성 300명에게 설문을 받은 결과를 연구 분석자료로 활용하였으며, 수집된 자료의 통계 SPSS 21.0 버전을 이용하여 분석을 진행하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 먼저 구매행동분석에 대한 결과이다. 한중일 3개국 남성 소비자의 화장품 평균 구매비용은 모두 30,000원 미만으로 나타났다. 화장품 구매요인으로는 3개국 모두 기능성, 사용감이 상위를 기록했다. 둘째, 선호하는 브랜드에 대한 답변에서는 한국과 중국은 해외브랜드에 개방적인 반면 일본은 주로 자국 브랜드를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 화장품 구매요인으로는 3개국 모두 기능성, 사용감이 상위를 기록했다. 선호하는 브랜드에 대한 답변에서는 한국과 중국은 해외브랜드에 개방적인 반면 일본은 주로 자국 브랜드를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 코로나19 이후의 화장품 사용 변화에 대한 결과이다. 코로나19 이후의 피부고민에 대한 답변으로 한국, 일본의 경우 여드름이 가장 높게 나타났으며 중국의 경우 피지 분비 증가가 가장 높게 나타났다. 피지에 대한 고민은 3개국 모두 상위로 나타났다. 이러한 연구 결과를 토대로 아세안 시장에서 한국 남성 화장품의 수출 경쟁력을 확대하기 위한 기초자료로 제안하고자 한다.

• Asian review of World Histories
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.45-84
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• 2013

Empirical research into Đại Việt before the $14^{th}$ century has made little progress since the 1990s. To improve this situation, I here examine how the L$\acute{y}$ dynasty (1009-1226), the first long-lasting dynasty of Đại Việt, established stable local ruleafter the "Tang-Song Transition" in China that changed the entire picture of East Asia (including both Southeast and Northeast Asia). This paper focuses on two issues. First are the local administrative units and their governors. The nature of both higher units like lộ(circuits), phủ and ch$\hat{a}$u (provinces), and basic units like hươg and gi$\acute{a}$p (districts?) will be examined. Second, I examine non-institutional channels of local rule by the imperial family. By combining such administrative and non-administrative means, the L$\acute{y}$ central court enforced a considerably stable local rule for two centuries. Finally, I attempt some preliminary comparisons with the local rule of Goryeo (918-1392) in the Korean peninsula, a polity that shared many features with Đại Việt in the process of localization of the Tang and Song models. I hope this approach of viewing small empires from the standpoint not of their "goal" (modern states) but of their "start" (charter polities), will enrich the discussion of East Asian small empires.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.581-588
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• 2018

In order to explore the comprehensive evaluation means of the extent of hydraulic fracturing region in coal seams, we analyzed the feasibility of detecting the response of coal rock direct current (DC) apparent resistivity to hydraulic-fracturing using Archie's theory, and conducted experimental researches on the response of DC resistivity in the hydraulic fracturing process using small-scale coal rock samples. The results show that porosity and water saturation are the two factors affecting the apparent resistivity of coal rock while hydraulic fracturing. Water has a dominant effect on the apparent resistivity of coal rock samples. The apparent resistivity in the area where water flows through is reduced more than 50%, which can be considered as a core affect region of hydraulic fracturing. Stress indirectly impacts the apparent resistivity by changing porosity. Before hydraulic fracturing, the greater axial load applied, the more serious the rupture in the samples, resulting in the greater apparent resistivity. Apparent resistivity testing is a potential regional method to evaluate the influence range of hydraulic fracturing in coal seams.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.459-467
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• 2020

Areca palm yellow leaf (AYL) disease caused by the 16SrI group phytoplasma is a serious threat to the development of the Areca palm industry in China. The 16S rRNA gene sequence was utilized to establish a rapid and efficient detection system efficient for the 16SrI-B subgroup AYL phytoplasma in China by loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). The results showed that two sets of LAMP detection primers, 16SrDNA-2 and 16SrDNA-3, were efficient for 16SrI-B subgroup AYL phytoplasma in China, with positive results appearing under reaction conditions of 64℃ for 40 min. The lowest detection limit for the two LAMP detection assays was the same at 200 ag/μl, namely approximately 53 copies/μl of the target fragments. Phytoplasma was detected in all AYL disease samples from Baoting, Tunchang, and Wanning counties in Hainan province using the two sets of LAMP primers 16SrDNA-2 and 16SrDNA-3, whereas no phytoplasma was detected in the negative control. The LAMP method established in this study with comparatively high sensitivity and stability, provides reliable results that could be visually detected, making it suitable for application and research in rapid diagnosis of AYL disease, detection of seedlings with the pathogen and breeding of disease-resistant Areca palm varieties.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2020

This study investigates the crystallinity distribution of ancient silk. Owing to the inherent multi-hierarchical structure of silk protein and the complicated structural changes that occur due to various burial environments, it is challenging but worthwhile to study ancient silk ageing behavior, which is based on the fact that ageing begins with a single fiber and then spreads to a whole fabric. Crystallinity was one of the most effective indicators found to reveal the ageing status of silk. Therefore, a synchrotron radiation-based X-ray diffraction(SR-XRD) method was employed to study the crystallinity distribution of single fibers of ancient silk unearthed from seven archaeological sites in China from historical periods including the warring states, Han dynasty, Song dynasty, and Ming dynasty. In comparison, the conventional X-ray diffraction method, which uses large amounts of samples, was also performed to determine the integral crystallinity of ancient silk. Thermal stability experiments by thermogravimetry(TG) as well as morphology observations by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and optical microscopy(OM) all confirmed the deterioration of ancient silk. Moreover, the ageing mechanism of ancient silk was proposed with the assistance of an artificial ageing study. The results confirmed the effectiveness of SR-XRD as an ageing indicator, revealing the crystallinity distribution. This research could provide motivation to determine the deterioration status of ancient silk, and would also aid in explaining the fragility of ancient silk due to ageing.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.453-469
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• 2011

A one-story, wooden-frame, intermediate-bay model with Dou-Gon designed according to the Building Standards of the Song Dynasty (A.D.960-1279), was tested on a unidirectional shaking table. The main objectives of this experimental study were to investigate the seismic performance of Chinese historic wooden structure under various base input intensities. El Centro wave (N-S), Taft wave and Lanzhou wave were selected as input excitations. 27 seismic geophones were instrumented to measure the real-time displacement, velocity and acceleration respectively. Dynamic characteristics, failure mode and hysteretic energy dissipation performance of the model are analyzed. Test results indicate that the nature period and damping ratio of the model increase with the increasing magnitude of earthquake excitation. The nature period of the model is within 0.5~0.6 s, the damping ratio is 3~4%. The maximum acceleration dynamic magnification factor is less than 1 and decreases as the input seismic power increases. The frictional slippage of Dou-Gon layers (corbel brackets) between beams and plates dissipates a certain amount of seismic energy, and so does the slippage between posts and plinths. The mortise-tenon joint of the timber frame dissipates most of the seismic energy. Therefore, it plays a significant part in shock absorption and isolation.